Introduction to Robotics

June 10, 2025

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction

2 Types of Robots

3 Applications

4 Uses of Robotics

5 Advantages

6 Disadvantages

7 Conclusion

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What is Robotics?

Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science

and engineering.
It involves the design, construction, operation, and use of robots.
A robot is a machine capable of carrying out complex actions
automatically.

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Types of Robots

Industrial Robots
Service Robots
Medical Robots
Military Robots
Autonomous Vehicles (e.g., drones, self-driving cars)

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Industrial Robots

Used in manufacturing and production lines

Perform tasks like welding, assembly, and painting
High speed, precision, and repeatability

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Medical and Service Robots

Medical: Surgical assistants, rehabilitation devices

Service: Cleaning robots, customer service robots
Aim to improve quality of life and healthcare

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Applications of Robotics

Manufacturing
Healthcare
Agriculture
Space Exploration
Military and Defense

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Robotics in Agriculture and Space

Agricultural Robots: automated harvesting, soil monitoring

Space Robots: Mars rovers, robotic arms on space stations

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Everyday Uses of Robots

Vacuum cleaning (e.g., Roomba)

Lawn mowing robots
Educational robots for children
Personal assistants and home automation

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Commercial and Industrial Uses

Warehouse automation (e.g., Amazon)

Logistics and delivery (e.g., autonomous delivery bots)
Quality control in production lines

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Core Components of Robots

Mechanical Structure: The physical body – arms, wheels, actuators.

Actuators: Motors or hydraulics that enable movement.
Power Supply: Batteries or direct power for operation.
Controllers: Processors that run the robot’s code.

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Programming in Robotics

Languages: C/C++, Python, ROS (Robot Operating System)

Tasks include motion control, sensor integration, decision-making.
Simulation tools: Gazebo, Webots, V-REP.
AI integration for advanced behavior.

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Control Systems in Robotics

Open-loop vs. closed-loop control

PID Controllers (Proportional–Integral–Derivative)
Path planning and kinematics
Real-time control challenges

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Sensors and Perception

Vision: Cameras, LIDAR, depth sensors

Touch: Tactile sensors, force feedback
Motion: Encoders, IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units)
Environment: Proximity, temperature, GPS

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Future Trends in Robotics

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

Swarm robotics
Soft robotics and biomimicry
Integration with AI and Machine Learning

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Advantages of Robotics

Increased efficiency and productivity

Precision and repeatability in tasks
Reduced human risk in dangerous environments
24/7 operation capabilities

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Disadvantages of Robotics

High initial cost

Job displacement for some workers
Requires technical maintenance and updates
Ethical concerns and dependence on technology

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Conclusion

Robotics is revolutionizing various industries.

Offers both great opportunities and challenges.
Continued development requires ethical and social considerations.

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