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SQL 5

The document provides an overview of SQL views, including their definition, benefits, and various scenarios for creating views to simplify data retrieval. It also covers the use of UNION and UNION ALL operators for combining result sets, as well as the creation and management of indexes to enhance data retrieval speed. Several SQL query examples illustrate how to create views and utilize indexes for different data analysis tasks.

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3 views22 pages

SQL 5

The document provides an overview of SQL views, including their definition, benefits, and various scenarios for creating views to simplify data retrieval. It also covers the use of UNION and UNION ALL operators for combining result sets, as well as the creation and management of indexes to enhance data retrieval speed. Several SQL query examples illustrate how to create views and utilize indexes for different data analysis tasks.

Uploaded by

rahulbanerj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL

Dnyanesh Sarode
SQL VIEW
 a view is a virtual table that is derived from the result of a
query
Views allow you to define complex queries and bound them into
a single view.

CREATE VIEW view_name AS


SELECT RND, MKT FROM 50_startups
WHERE RND > 100000;
create view v1 as
select * from emp_2 inner join dept
on emp_2.did=dept.dept_id;

• Benefits of Creating View


Simplifying complex queries and joining multiple tables
Creating virtual tables for reporting and analysis purposes.
Enhancing data integrity and consistency by applying filters and
validations
Creating reusable query templates for commonly used data
retrieval.
Scenario 1
Retrieve all employees' first names and last names:

CREATE VIEW EmployeeNames AS


SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employee_data;
Scenario 2
List all employees earning a salary greater than $50,000:

CREATE VIEW HighSalaryEmployees AS


SELECT *
FROM employee_data
WHERE salary > 50000;
Scenario 3
Find the highest salary among employees

CREATE VIEW HighestSalary AS


SELECT MAX(salary) AS highest_salary
FROM employee_data;
Scenario 4
Count the number of employees in each location:

CREATE VIEW EmployeeCountsByLocation AS


SELECT location, COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employee_data
GROUP BY location;
Scenario 5
Retrieve the names of managers

CREATE VIEW Managers AS


SELECT DISTINCT manager_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employee_data
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL;
Scenario 6
Calculate the average salary for each location

CREATE VIEW AverageSalaryByLocation AS


SELECT location, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employee_data
GROUP BY location;
Scenario 7
Find employees who don't have a manager

CREATE VIEW EmployeesWithoutManagers AS


SELECT *
FROM employee_data
WHERE manager_id IS NULL;
Scenario 8
Retrieve employees whose first names start with 'A':

CREATE VIEW EmployeesWithAFirstName AS


SELECT *
FROM employee_data
WHERE first_name LIKE 'A%';
Scenario 9
Find the employee with the highest salary in each location

SELECT loc, fname, lname, salary FROM emp_data e


WHERE salary in
(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM emp_data WHERE loc = e.loc);
SHOW VIEW

SHOW CREATE VIEW v1; Shows the statement used to create the view

DROP VIEW

DROP VIEW v1; Use to drop the view


UNION
The UNION operator combines the result sets of multiple
SELECT statements, removing duplicate rows. It returns distinct
rows only, eliminating any duplicates that exist across the
combined result sets.

select * from 50_startups where RND>50000


Union
select * from 30_startups where mkt>50000;
UNION ALL
The UNION ALL operator also combines the result sets of
multiple SELECT statements, but it includes all rows, including
duplicates. It does not remove duplicate rows and simply
appends the rows from each SELECT statement to the result set.

select dept_id from dept


union all
select did from emp_2;
SQL INDEX
An index is a database structure that improves the speed of
data retrieval operations on database tables.
Indexes provide faster lookup and retrieval of data by allowing
the database engine to navigate directly to the relevant rows
based on the indexed column(s). This can significantly improve
the performance of queries that involve filtering, sorting, or
joining data.

CREATE INDEX i1
ON 50_startups(RND);
CREATE/SHOW/DROP
• CREATE INDEX i1 ON 50_startups(RND);

• SHOW INDEXES FROM 50_startups;

• drop index i1 on 50_startups;


Scenario 1
1. Find the average salary by department for departments with
more than 2 employees.

SELECT dept_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary


FROM emp_data
GROUP BY dept_id
HAVING COUNT(empid) > 2;
Scenario 2
Get the count of employees by location for locations with salaries
above 50,000.

SELECT loc, COUNT(empid) AS emp_count


FROM emp_data
WHERE salary > 50000
GROUP BY loc;
Scenario 3
Determine the maximum salary for male and female employees
in each department.

SELECT dept_id, gender, MAX(salary) AS max_salary


FROM emp_data
GROUP BY dept_id, gender;
Scenario 4
Determine the average salary according to the locations and
gender.

select loc, avg(salary) from emp_data


group by loc;

select gender,loc, avg(salary) from emp_data


group by loc,gender;
Thank You

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