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Bca Evs Notes

The document outlines various types of environmental pollution, including air, water, soil, thermal, and noise pollution, along with their definitions, causes, effects, and control measures. It also discusses primary and secondary pollution, air and water quality standards, nuclear hazards, solid waste management, and the importance of environmental impact assessments and management systems. Overall, it emphasizes the need for effective pollution control and sustainable practices to protect health and the environment.

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Manmeet Singh
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7 views4 pages

Bca Evs Notes

The document outlines various types of environmental pollution, including air, water, soil, thermal, and noise pollution, along with their definitions, causes, effects, and control measures. It also discusses primary and secondary pollution, air and water quality standards, nuclear hazards, solid waste management, and the importance of environmental impact assessments and management systems. Overall, it emphasizes the need for effective pollution control and sustainable practices to protect health and the environment.

Uploaded by

Manmeet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BCA EVS Notes: Environmental Topics

Environmental Pollution - Definition and Types

Definition:
Environmental Pollution is the undesirable contamination of the natural environment (air, water, soil,
etc.) by harmful substances or pollutants that cause adverse effects on living organisms and the
ecosystem.

Types of Environmental Pollution:

1. Air Pollution
Definition: The presence of harmful gases, dust, or fumes in the air which affects health and the
environment.
Causes: Emissions from vehicles, industries, burning fossil fuels, chemicals, natural disasters.
Effects: Respiratory diseases, ozone depletion, global warming, acid rain.
Control: Use eco-friendly fuels, plant trees, install factory filters, promote public transport.

2. Water Pollution
Definition: Contamination of water bodies by harmful substances.
Causes: Industrial waste, sewage, agriculture runoff, oil spills.
Effects: Diseases, death of aquatic life, shortage of drinking water.
Control: Waste treatment, organic farming, awareness, spill prevention.

3. Soil Pollution
Definition: Degradation of soil by harmful chemicals.
Causes: Chemical fertilizers, industrial dumping, deforestation.
Effects: Loss of fertility, food contamination.
Control: Use organic fertilizers, manage waste, afforestation.

4. Thermal Pollution
Definition: Rise in water body temperature by human activities.
Causes: Industrial hot water discharge.
Effects: Less oxygen in water, death of aquatic life.
Control: Cool water before discharge, plant trees nearby.

5. Noise Pollution
Definition: Excessive disturbing sounds harming life.
Causes: Traffic, machines, loud music.
Effects: Hearing loss, stress, wildlife disturbance.
Control: Use silencers, silent zones, plant trees, legal rules.

Primary and Secondary Pollution

Primary Pollution:
Definition: Directly emitted pollutants from sources into the environment.
Key Points: Direct release, immediate harmful effect.

Secondary Pollution:
Definition: Formed when primary pollutants react in the atmosphere.
Key Points: Indirect formation, often more harmful.

Air and Water Quality Standards

Air Quality Standards:


Meaning: Limits for harmful air substances.
Purpose: Protect health, environment.
Checked pollutants: CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, O3.
Authority: CPCB.

Water Quality Standards:


Meaning: Limits for harmful substances in water.
Purpose: Safe for drinking, agriculture.
Checked factors: pH, DO, BOD, TDS, heavy metals.
Authority: BIS, CPCB.
Nuclear Hazards and Human Health Risks

Definition: Harmful effects from radioactive material release.


Risks: Cancer, genetic damage, organ damage, bone marrow loss, burns, death.
Control: Safe disposal, strict guidelines, protective equipment.

Solid Waste Management

Urban Waste:
Control: Collection, dustbins, composting, transport, awareness.

Industrial Waste:
Control: Pre-treatment, recycling, eco-friendly technology.

Hazardous Waste:
Control: Labeling, secure storage, special treatment.

E-Waste:
Control: Collection centers, recycling, legal bans, awareness.

Waste Segregation and Disposal

Waste Segregation: Separating waste types at source.


Importance: Easier recycling, less pollution.
Disposal: Landfilling, composting, recycling, incineration, e-waste recycling.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Definition: Study of future environmental effects of projects.


Purpose: Predict harm, suggest controls.
Steps: Screening, scoping, analysis, public hearing, reporting.
Environmental Management System (EMS)

Definition: Company system to manage environmental duties.


Purpose: Reduce waste, follow laws, improve performance.
Features: Goals, monitoring, training, emergency plans.

Conclusion:
Proper waste management, EIA, EMS, and pollution control are essential for protecting health,
nature, and sustainable development.

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