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EVS Notes 5 Marks

The document discusses ecological pyramids, homeostasis, and types of ecosystems, highlighting their importance and threats such as deforestation and pollution. It outlines ecosystem services, prevention strategies, and differentiates between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Additionally, it covers the energy content of various fuels and the use of agro-residues for biomass energy.

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Manmeet Singh
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3 views3 pages

EVS Notes 5 Marks

The document discusses ecological pyramids, homeostasis, and types of ecosystems, highlighting their importance and threats such as deforestation and pollution. It outlines ecosystem services, prevention strategies, and differentiates between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Additionally, it covers the energy content of various fuels and the use of agro-residues for biomass energy.

Uploaded by

Manmeet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental Studies (EVS) Notes

Ecological Pyramid and Homeostasis

Ecological pyramids are graphical representations of trophic levels in an ecosystem:

- Pyramid of Numbers: Number of organisms at each level.

- Pyramid of Biomass: Total mass of organisms.

- Pyramid of Energy: Energy flow, always upright.

Homeostasis is the self-regulation of ecosystems to maintain balance. For example, if prey increase, predators increase

too, restoring balance.

Types of Ecosystem

1. Terrestrial:

- Tundra: Cold, permafrost (e.g., Arctic).

- Forest: Dense trees, high biodiversity.

- Grassland: Dominated by grasses.

- Desert: Dry, sparse vegetation.

2. Aquatic:

- Pond, Stream, Lake: Freshwater ecosystems.

- Ocean: Saltwater, large biodiversity.

- Estuary: Mix of fresh and salt water.

Importance and Threats to Ecosystems

Importance:

- Provide food, water, oxygen.

- Regulate climate, purify air/water.

- Maintain biodiversity.

Threats:

- Deforestation (e.g., Jharkhand).


Environmental Studies (EVS) Notes

- Pollution (e.g., Ganga River).

- Climate Change (e.g., Himalayan glaciers).

- Urbanization and poaching.

Ecosystem Services

1. Provisioning: Food, water, timber, medicine.

2. Regulating: Climate control, flood regulation, pollination.

3. Cultural: Spiritual, tourism, recreational.

4. Supporting: Nutrient cycling, soil formation, photosynthesis.

Ecosystem Prevention and Conservation Strategies

- Afforestation and reforestation.

- Protected areas (e.g., national parks).

- Pollution control.

- Sustainable use of resources.

- Community participation (e.g., Chipko Movement).

Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable:

- Solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal.

- Replenishable and clean.

Non-Renewable:

- Coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear.

- Limited, polluting, non-sustainable.

Use of Alternative Energy Sources

- Solar panels, wind turbines, hydropower plants.

- Biomass (e.g., biogas from cow dung).


Environmental Studies (EVS) Notes

- Tidal and geothermal energy.

- Reduces pollution and fossil fuel use.

Energy Contents of Fuels

Coal: 24-35 MJ/kg

Petroleum: 42-47 MJ/kg

Natural Gas: 48-55 MJ/kg

Biogas: 20-25 MJ/m³

Agro-Residues as a Biomass Energy

- Agro-residues include straw, husk, bagasse, etc.

- Used for biogas, briquettes, electricity.

- Reduces pollution and supports rural energy.

- Example: Bagasse plants in sugar mills (UP, Maharashtra).

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