[3:08 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: 5.EX [3:08 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE v_id dsa.roll_no%TYPE; v_name dsa.

name%TYPE; v_rank dsa.rank

%TYPE; CURSOR c_firstrank IS SELECT name, roll_no, rank FROM dsa WHERE rank > 5; e_nodatafound EXCEPTION; v_count NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN OPEN c_firstrank; LOOP FETCH c_firstrank INTO v_name, v_id, v_rank; EXIT WHEN c_firstrank%NOTFOUND; v_count := v_count + 1; --
Track rows fetched DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Student ID: ' || v_id || ' | Name: ' || v_name || ' | Rank: ' || v_rank); END LOOP; CLOSE c_firstrank; IF
v_count = 0 THEN RAISE e_nodatafound; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN e_nodatafound THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No students found with
rank > 5'); WHEN … [3:19 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: 5.EX B [3:19 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE v_student_id NUMBER := 101;
v_student_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Doe'; BEGIN -- Insert a student record INSERT INTO student (student_id, student_name) VALUES
(v_student_id, v_student_name); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Record Inserted.'); -- Savepoint after the first insert SAVEPOINT sp1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Savepoint sp1 created.'); -- Insert another record INSERT INTO student (student_id, student_name) VALUES (102,
'Jane Smith'); INSERT INTO student (student_id, student_name) VALUES (103, 'Stve Smith'); INSERT INTO student (student_id, student_name)
VALUES (104, 'Micheal'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Multiple records are inserted.'); -- Savepoint after the second insert SAVEPOINT sp2; D…
[3:27 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: 6.EX NESTED IF [3:27 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE v_rank NUMBER := 4; -- You can change this to test
BEGIN IF v_rank = 1 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Topper'); ELSE IF v_rank BETWEEN 2 AND 5 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Good');
ELSE IF v_rank BETWEEN 6 AND 10 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Needs Improvement'); END IF;
END IF; END IF; END; [3:27 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: CASE [3:27 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE v_rank NUMBER := 4; -- Change this to test
different cases v_result VARCHAR2(30); BEGIN CASE WHEN v_rank = 1 THEN v_result := 'Topper'; WHEN v_rank BETWEEN 2 AND 5 THEN
v_result := 'Good'; WHEN v_rank BETWEEN 6 AND 10 THEN v_result := 'Average'; ELSE v_result := 'Needs Improvement'; END CASE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Student Classification: ' || v_result); END; [3:30 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: NULLIF [3:30 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen:
SELECT NULLIF(100, 100) AS result1, -- returns NULL NULLIF(100, 200) AS result2 -- returns 100 FROM dual; [3:32 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen:
COALESCE [3:32 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: SELECT COALESCE(NULL, NULL, 'Hello', 'World') AS result FROM dual; -- Output: Hello [3:35 pm,
29/4/2025] Naveen: 7.EX [3:35 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: WHILE [3:35 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE i NUMBER := 1; BEGIN WHILE i <= 5
LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number: ' || i); i := i + 1; END LOOP; END; [3:35 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: FOR [3:36 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen:
BEGIN FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number: ' || i); END LOOP; END; [3:36 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: NESTED LOOP [3:36 pm,
29/4/2025] Naveen: BEGIN FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP -- Outer loop (rows) FOR j IN 1..3 LOOP -- Inner loop (columns) DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Row: '
|| i || ', Column: ' || j); END LOOP; END LOOP; END; [3:38 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: Built-in Exception Handling This PL/SQL block handles
NO_DATA_FOUND exception: DECLARE v_Marks Students.Marks%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT Marks INTO v_Marks FROM Students WHERE
StudentID = 15; -- Invalid ID EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: No student found with given ID.');
END; [3:38 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: User-defined Exception This PL/SQL block raises a user-defined exception for low marks: DECLARE
v_Marks Students.Marks%TYPE; e_LowMarks EXCEPTION; BEGIN SELECT Marks INTO v_Marks FROM Students WHERE StudentID = 7; IF
v_Marks < 50 THEN RAISE e_LowMarks; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN e_LowMarks THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Student has low
marks.'); END; [3:39 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR This PL/SQL block raises a custom error: DECLARE v_Marks
Students.Marks%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT Marks INTO v_Marks FROM Students WHERE StudentID = 5; IF v_Marks < 40 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error: Student has failed.'); END IF; END; [3:47 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: EXP .8 [3:47 pm, 29/4/2025]
Naveen: PROCEDURE IN [3:47 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE greet_employee ( p_employee_name IN VARCHAR2 )
IS BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, ' || p_employee_name || '!'); END greet_employee; / -- Calling the procedure BEGIN
greet_employee('John Doe'); END; / [3:50 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: OUT [3:51 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE
get_message ( p_message OUT VARCHAR2 ) IS BEGIN p_message := 'Hello, PL/SQL!'; -- Assign a value to the OUT parameter END
get_message; / [3:51 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE v_result VARCHAR2(100); -- Variable to hold the output BEGIN get_message(v_result);
-- Call the procedure DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_result); -- Print the result END; / [3:54 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: EX.9 [3:54 pm, 29/4/2025]
Naveen: STORED FUNCTIONS [3:54 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_current_date RETURN DATE IS v_date DATE;
BEGIN v_date := SYSDATE; RETURN v_date; END get_current_date; / [3:54 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: DECLARE v_today DATE; BEGIN v_today :=
get_current_date(); -- Call the function DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Today is: ' || v_today); END; / [3:58 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: COMPLEX
FUNCTIONS [3:58 pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: Recursive Function (Factorial Calculation) sql CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION factorial ( n
NUMBER ) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN IF n <= 1 THEN RETURN 1; ELSE RETURN n * factorial(n - 1); -- Recursive call END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN
VALUE_ERROR THEN RETURN NULL; -- Handle overflow END factorial; / -- Example Usage SELECT factorial(5) FROM dual; -- Returns 120 [4:00
pm, 29/4/2025] Naveen: 10.EXP CURSOR = 5.EXP