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Class 12 Assignment Answers

The document covers the India-Pakistan conflicts, detailing their origins, key wars, and the ongoing Kashmir issue, which has strained relations between the two nations. It also discusses the functions of India's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, including its role in controlling inflation and managing foreign exchange. Additionally, it explores the transformation of Indian cities under British colonial rule, highlighting changes in urban planning, architecture, and the lifestyle of the inhabitants.

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37 views4 pages

Class 12 Assignment Answers

The document covers the India-Pakistan conflicts, detailing their origins, key wars, and the ongoing Kashmir issue, which has strained relations between the two nations. It also discusses the functions of India's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, including its role in controlling inflation and managing foreign exchange. Additionally, it explores the transformation of Indian cities under British colonial rule, highlighting changes in urban planning, architecture, and the lifestyle of the inhabitants.

Uploaded by

ahmedsakirdocument
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 12 Assignment Work

Subject: Political Science

Topic: India-Pakistan Conflicts


1. 1. Briefly describe the origin of the India-Pakistan conflict in 1947.

India and Pakistan became separate countries in 1947. The main reason for their conflict
was the division of land, especially the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. India and
Pakistan both wanted control over Kashmir. This created tension and led to wars between
the two nations.

2. 2. Explain the causes and outcomes of the India-Pakistan war of 1965 and 1971.

The 1965 war happened due to the Kashmir issue. Pakistan tried to take control of Kashmir
but failed. The war ended with the Tashkent Agreement. The 1971 war was because of the
civil war in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). India supported East Pakistan, and this led to
the creation of a new country, Bangladesh.

3. 3. Discuss the Kargil War: How it started and what was the result?

The Kargil War started in 1999 when Pakistani soldiers and militants entered Indian land in
the Kargil area. India fought back strongly and pushed them out. The war ended with India
winning and protecting its territory.

4. 4. Write a short note on the Kashmir Issue and its impact on Indo-Pak relations.

Kashmir is a big reason for the fights between India and Pakistan. Both countries claim it,
but it is a part of India. This issue has led to wars and terrorism. It has made relations
between the two countries tense and full of mistrust.

5. 5. What are the steps taken for peace-building between India and Pakistan in recent
years?

Both countries have tried peace talks, started bus and train services, and played cricket
matches together. Sometimes leaders visit each other. But peace is not permanent because
of frequent border problems and terrorist attacks.
Subject: Economics

Topic: Central Bank and Its Functions


6. 1. What is a Central Bank? State the name of India’s central bank.

A central bank is the main bank of a country. It controls money supply and keeps the
economy stable. In India, the central bank is called the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

7. 2. Explain any four functions of the Central Bank.

1. It prints and issues currency notes.


2. It controls inflation and money supply.
3. It manages foreign exchange.
4. It helps other banks during financial problems.

8. 3. What is the role of the Central Bank in controlling inflation?

The Central Bank increases interest rates to reduce spending when prices rise too fast. It
also reduces the money in the market to control inflation and keep prices stable.

9. 4. Differentiate between the Central Bank and Commercial Banks.

The Central Bank controls the whole banking system and does not deal with the public.
Commercial banks give loans and take deposits from the public. RBI is a central bank, but
SBI is a commercial bank.

10. 5. How does the Central Bank manage foreign exchange reserves?

The Central Bank buys and sells foreign currency to maintain the value of the Indian rupee.
It keeps reserves to help the country during import or currency crises.
Subject: History

Topic: Colonial Cities


11. 1. What are colonial cities? How were they different from pre-colonial cities?

Colonial cities were made or changed by the British during their rule in India. Before them,
cities were centers of trade and religion. But colonial cities became centers of
administration and showed European styles.

12. 2. Explain how British rule transformed Indian cities like Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.

The British built roads, railways, and buildings in these cities. They made ports and offices
to help their trade. These cities became modern and were controlled by British officials.

13. 3. Describe the impact of colonization on the urban planning and architecture of Indian
cities.

British cities were planned with wide roads and separate areas for British and Indians. They
built buildings in European styles. Indian old parts of cities were often ignored or separated.

14. 4. What role did colonial cities play in the British administrative system?

Colonial cities became centers of British rule. Offices, courts, and army centers were set up
there. These cities helped the British to control the whole country.

15. 5. Write a brief note on the changes in the lifestyle and occupations of people in colonial
cities.

People started working in offices, railways, and factories. Western clothes and education
became common. Many moved from villages to cities for jobs and better life.

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