NEXT GENERATION DYNAMIC WIRELESS CHARGING

FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

DEEPAK RAJ S 513121106301

MANIMARAN V 513121106302
PREM KUMAR S 513121106306

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

THANTHAI PERIYAR GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY,

VELLORE - 632 002

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2025

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “NEXT GENERATION DYNAMIC WIRELESS

CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE” is the Bonafide work of DEEPAK RAJ S

(513121106301), MANIMARAN V (513121106302) and PREM KUMAR S

(513121106306) who carried out the project work under our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. S. LETITIA, M.E., Ph.D., Mrs.M.GEETHA, M.E.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, PROJECT SUPERVISOR,

Department of ECE, TPGIT. Department of ECE, TPGIT.

Project viva voce held on …………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of and task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, their constant guidance
and encouragement crowned our effects with success.

Our profound thanks go to our Principal Dr. P. K. PALANI, M.E., Ph.D.,

ThanthaiPeriyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore, for scholarly guidance and
valuable motivation throughout the career.

We articulate our special honor to Professor Dr. S. LETITIA, M.E., Ph.D., Head of
the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ThanthaiPeriyar
Government Institute of Technology, Vellore, for her valuable suggestions and moral
support to complete the project in a efficacious way.

We extend our heartfelt thanks to our esteemed class Faculty AdvisorDr. B.

SENTHIL MURUGAN, M.E., Ph.D., for their invaluable guidance and unwavering
support. Her expertise has been instrumental in shaping our project's success, and we are
deeply grateful for their dedication. Our special thanks to our project supervisor Mrs. M.
GEETHA, M.E., for her valuable guidance, ideas and encouragement for the successful
completion of this project. We are greatly thankful to our project coordinator Dr. S.
SATHISHBABU, M.E., Ph.D., Associate Professor for his valuable suggestions and moral
support.

Also, we express our sincere thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching staff
members of Electronics and Communication Department for their encouragement making
our project successful.
 ABSTRACT

This project aims an in-motion wireless charging infrastructure for

electric vehicles using resonant inductive coupling tuned at 85 KHz. This

project presents a next-generation dynamic wireless charging system aimed at

enabling seamless energy transfer to EVs while in motion. This system

eliminating the need for physical connections between EVs and charging

station. Static charging methods in wireless power transfer technology also

eliminating the physical connections for electric vehicle charging, but

traditional static charging stations impose significant limitations such as long

charging times, limited driving range and the need for frequent stops. Our

proposed system addresses these challenges by deploying resonant inductive

coupling technology embedded within road infrastructure to wirelessly transmit

power to receiver coils mounted on moving vehicles. The system utilizes a

primary coil embedded in the road surface and each coils are magnetized only

when the vehicle reaches near the transmitter coils otherwise its automatically

demagnetized by using the integration of IoT sensors in the road surface. The

ultimate goal is to develop a sustainable, on-the-go charging infrastructure that

eliminates range anxiety, promotes uninterrupted mobility, and supports the

widespread adoption of electric vehicles. This project not only contributes to

green transportation but also lays the foundation for smart road ecosystems of

the future.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Motivation

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is a significant step toward

achieving sustainable and eco-friendly transportation. However, the limited
driving range and lengthy charging times remain key obstacles to their
widespread adoption. Traditional stationary charging systems require vehicles
to stop and connect to a charging station, leading to downtime and
inefficiencies. To address these challenges, dynamic wireless power transfer
(DWPT) via charging roads is emerging as a promising solution.

1.2 Concept of Wireless Charging Roads

Wireless Charging Roads are embedded with electromagnetic coils that enable
energy transfer to EVs in motion using inductive or resonant coupling
technologies. This allows vehicles to charge while driving, eliminating the need
for frequent stops. These roads represent a convergence of smart infrastructure,
transportation electrification, and wireless communication technologies.

1.3 Importance of Smart Infrastructure in EV Ecosystems

Integrating smart infrastructure into transportation networks enhances energy

efficiency, grid connectivity, and traffic flow. Wireless charging roads can be
equipped with IoT-based monitoring, load balancing, and vehicle recognition
systems, making them a crucial component in intelligent transportation systems
(ITS). This approach supports real-time data exchange, system optimization,
and predictive maintenance.
1.4 Challenges in EV Charging and the Need for Dynamic Solutions

While static charging infrastructure is growing, it cannot fully accommodate the

projected demand of future EV markets. Key limitations include long charging
durations, peak load issues, and space constraints. Dynamic wireless charging
mitigates these problems by decentralizing the charging process and distributing
the load more evenly across the transportation network.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Evolution of EV Charging Technologies

Early electric vehicle charging systems primarily relied on plug-in

stationary chargers, categorized as Level 1, Level 2, and DC fast chargers.
While these solutions provided foundational charging infrastructure, they were
limited by charging time and spatial constraints. As EV penetration grew, the
need for more efficient and flexible charging methods became apparent,
paving the way for wireless and dynamic charging innovations.

2.2 Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for EVs

The concept of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) dates back to Nikola Tesla,
but its practical application in EVs has gained traction in recent decades.
Research has focused on two main techniques:

 Inductive Coupling: Uses magnetic fields between coils in the road and
vehicle.
 Resonant Inductive Coupling: Enhances efficiency by matching the
resonant frequency of transmitting and receiving coils.

Notable contributions:

 Covic and Boys (2013) developed high-efficiency inductive power

transfer systems for highway use.
 Zhang et al. (2018) proposed a dynamic wireless charging model that
achieved over 80% efficiency at speeds up to 60 km/h.
2.3 Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) Systems

Dynamic Wireless Charging, or in-motion charging, extends WPT by enabling

EVs to charge while driving. Several research projects and prototypes have
explored this:

 The Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV) Project by KAIST (Korea): A

pioneering initiative that demonstrated dynamic wireless charging on
public roads.
 FABRIC Project (EU): Focused on real-world deployment scenarios of
DWPT and its integration with smart grids.
 PRIMOVE by Bombardier: Demonstrated wireless charging for buses
using embedded coils and on-board receivers.

Studies show DWPT can reduce battery size, extend vehicle range, and
minimize idle charging time, making it a game-changing technology for EV
logistics and passenger mobility.

2.4 Smart Infrastructure and IoT Integration

Modern wireless charging roads are not just about energy transfer—they are
embedded with smart infrastructure that includes:

 IoT sensors for real-time vehicle detection and energy management,

 Communication modules for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) interaction,
 Data analytics platforms for optimizing energy distribution.

Researchers such as Alam and Chien (2020) emphasized the role of machine
learning and edge computing in enhancing the performance and reliability of
DWPT systems.
2.5 Technical and Deployment Challenges

Despite promising advances, DWPT systems face several technical and

practical challenges:

 Efficiency Drop at higher speeds or misalignment,

 High Installation Costs of road-embedded coils,
 Interference and Safety Concerns due to electromagnetic fields,
 Regulatory and Standardization Gaps across countries.

Several review articles (e.g., Liu et al., 2021) have called for standard
protocols, cross-sector collaboration, and pilot deployments to address these
challenges and scale the technology.
 CHAPTER 3

Proposed System

3.1 Overview

The proposed system introduces an innovative Wireless Charging Road

(WCR) setup that enables Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) to
electric vehicles (EVs) while they are in motion. This eliminates the need for
frequent stops for charging, reduces battery size requirements, and enhances the
practicality and efficiency of EV transportation.

3.2 Objective

To design and implement a smart road infrastructure capable of

wirelessly transferring power to EVs in motion, using resonant inductive
coupling, with smart control systems for real-time energy management and
communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure.

3.3 System Components

The proposed system consists of the following key components:

1. Transmitting Side (Road Infrastructure)

 Primary Coils: Embedded under the road surface; transmit

electromagnetic energy.
 Power Supply Unit: Converts grid AC to high-frequency AC suitable for
WPT.
 Controller & Switching Unit: Activates coil segments only when a
vehicle is detected above.
 Sensor System: Detects vehicle position and speed to synchronize
charging.
2. Receiving Side (On-Board Vehicle System)

 Secondary Coil: Mounted on the underside of the vehicle to receive

transmitted power.
 Rectifier & Converter: Converts received AC into regulated DC for
charging.
 Battery Management System (BMS): Monitors the battery’s charging
state and health.

3. Communication and Control

 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication: Enables secure data

exchange for billing, control, and monitoring.
 Cloud Integration: Tracks energy usage, system diagnostics, and
supports maintenance planning.
 Smart Grid Interface: Balances energy loads and prioritizes renewable
energy sources.

3.4 Working Principle

1. An EV enters a wireless charging lane.

2. Roadside sensors detect the EV and activate relevant coil segments
beneath it.
3. High-frequency AC power is transmitted wirelessly through magnetic
fields.
4. The vehicle’s receiver coil collects the energy and converts it to DC for
charging the battery.
5. The charging session is monitored and managed via the cloud and smart
grid.
3.5 Features and Benefits

 Continuous charging during movement.

 Reduced need for large onboard batteries.
 Lower downtime due to real-time charging.
 Smart control for efficient energy use.
 Eco-friendly with smart grid and renewable integration