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Week 8

The document discusses arrays and strings in C++, covering single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, string handling with character arrays and the std::string class, and the relationship between pointers and arrays. It highlights the advantages of std::string over C-strings, including dynamic sizing and memory management. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these data structures in efficient data handling.

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2 views6 pages

Week 8

The document discusses arrays and strings in C++, covering single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, string handling with character arrays and the std::string class, and the relationship between pointers and arrays. It highlights the advantages of std::string over C-strings, including dynamic sizing and memory management. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these data structures in efficient data handling.

Uploaded by

shraddhasaburifdn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays and Strings in C++

Arrays and strings are fundamental data structures in C++ used for storing and
managing sequences of data. This section covers single-dimensional and multi-
dimensional arrays, string handling, pointers and arrays, character arrays, and the
std::string class.

1. Single-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays


1.1. Single-Dimensional Arrays

A single-dimensional array is a sequence of elements of the same data type stored in


contiguous memory locations. Arrays are useful for storing collections of data of the same type.

Syntax:

Example:

Accessing Elements: You can access array elements using the index, starting
from 0.

1.2. Multi-Dimensional Arrays

A multi-dimensional array is an array of arrays. The most common form is a two-dimensional


array (matrix), but arrays can have any number of dimensions.

Syntax:

Example (2D array):


Accessing Elements: You can access elements using row and column indices.

Example (3D array):

2. String Handling in C++

Strings in C++ can be handled in two primary ways:

1. Using character arrays (C-strings).


2. Using the std::string class from the C++ Standard Library.

2.1. Character Arrays (C-Strings)

A character array is an array of characters terminated by a null character (\0), which marks the
end of the string.

Syntax:
Example:

Or using string
literals:

Common Operations:

 strlen: Returns the length of the string.


 strcpy: Copies one string to another.
 strcmp: Compares two strings.

Example:

2.2.
std::string Class

The
std::string class from
the Standard Library provides a more flexible and powerful way to handle strings in C++. It

automatically manages memory and offers various member functions for string manipulation.

Example:
Common std::string Operations:

 length(): Returns the


length of the string.
 append(): Appends one
string to another.
 substr(): Returns a
substring.
 find(): Finds the position
of a substring.

3. Pointers and
Arrays

In C++, arrays and pointers are closely related. An array's name is a constant pointer to its first
element, and pointers can be used to traverse through the array.

Array Name as a Pointer:

The array's name acts as a pointer to the first element of the array.

Example:

Pointer
Arithmetic with Arrays:

You can increment or decrement a pointer to traverse the array.

Example:
Dynamic Arrays Using Pointers:

You can dynamically allocate arrays at runtime using pointers and the new keyword.

Example:

4. Character Arrays and std::string

4.1. Character Arrays (C-strings):

A character array is an array of characters terminated by a null character ( \0). They are less
flexible than std::string, but still widely used in C-style programming.

Example:

4.2. std::string Class:

std::string provides a higher-level abstraction for string manipulation. Unlike character


arrays, std::string objects automatically handle memory management, string concatenation,
and other operations more easily.

Advantages of std::string over Character Arrays:

 Dynamic Size: Automatically resizes as the string grows.


 Memory Management: std::string automatically handles memory.
 String Operations: Provides rich functionality (e.g., concatenation, substring extraction,
comparison).
Example of std::string
operations:

Comparison:

Conclusion

 Single-dimensional arrays store a collection of data of the same type in a contiguous


block of memory. Multi-dimensional arrays extend this concept to two or more
dimensions.
 Character arrays (C-strings) are a basic way to handle strings, but std::string is the
more flexible and modern approach to string manipulation.
 Pointers and arrays are closely related, and pointer arithmetic allows traversing arrays.
 Dynamic memory allocation enables more efficient and flexible handling of arrays,
strings, and data structures.

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