Scribd
Upload
2 views6 pages

Java programming

The document outlines a project for designing a traffic light system with crosswalks using Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It details the components involved, such as input sensors, PLCs, traffic light outputs, and the benefits of using PLCs for traffic control, including flexibility and efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the roles of PLDs in digital circuit design, emphasizing their adaptability and cost-effectiveness.

Uploaded by

remite247
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views6 pages

Java programming

The document outlines a project for designing a traffic light system with crosswalks using Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It details the components involved, such as input sensors, PLCs, traffic light outputs, and the benefits of using PLCs for traffic control, including flexibility and efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the roles of PLDs in digital circuit design, emphasizing their adaptability and cost-effectiveness.

Uploaded by

remite247
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

ASSIGNMENTS ACTIVITIES UNIT 5

COURSE : Dig.Elect & Comp.Architecture

CODE :CS1105

INSTRUCTOR :William Sexton

PROJECTS

Design of a traffic light with crosswalk systems using PLDs

INTRODUCTION

Traffic light design involves engineering solutions to regulate traffic flow,


enhance safety, and improve efficiency at intersections and other points
of intersection. The fundamental principles of traffic light design focus on
the use of color-coded signals to control vehicle and pedestrian
movement, ensuring a smooth and safe flow of traffic.

Additionally, traffic light system designed with programmable logic can be


built using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to manage the
sequence and timing of traffic signals. The PLC receives input from
sensors, such as motion detectors or sensors embedded in the road, to
determine traffic flow and adjust the light sequences accordingly.

1. Input Sensors:

These sensors collect real-time data about traffic flow at the intersection.
For instances, Motion detectors detects the presence of vehicles or
pedestrians.

In addition, the sensors send a signal to the PLC, indicating the state of
the intersection.

2. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller):

The PLC acts as the "brain" of the system, processing input data and
controlling the traffic light outputs. The PLC receives signals from the
sensors and it uses pre-programmed logic to analyze the traffic flow data
and determine the optimal light sequence.

Lastly, the PLC sends signals to the traffic light outputs (red, yellow,
green) to activate the corresponding lights.

3. Traffic Light Outputs:

These are the traffic lights themselves, which are activated by the signals
from the PLC. It has different color separation such as Red, yellow, and
green lights. The PLC sends signals to activate the appropriate lights
based on the programmed logic and input sensor data.

4. Timing and Sequencing:

The PLC ensures the lights change in the correct sequence and for the
appropriate duration with an in-built timers that can be used to set the
duration of each light state.

Benefits of PLC for traffic light control

Flexibility: -The PLC can be easily reprogrammed to adapt to changing


traffic conditions or needs.

Automation: -The PLC can automate the traffic light control process,
reducing the need for human intervention.

Efficiency: -PLCs can optimize traffic flow by adjusting the light timing in
response to real-time traffic data.

Reliability: -PLCs are reliable and durable, making them well-suited for
use in harsh outdoor environments.

Key Components and their roles

Counter :- Counters are important components in digital electronics


that count and track the number of events, pulses or signals.
ROM :- It stores predefined state for both traffic and crosswalk light.As the
counter advances,it select specific memory addresses in the ROM to
control the output, determining which light are illuminated at any given
time.

Clock : -it is the system's central timing mechanism,providing a


consistent pulse that trigger the counter to increment. This ensures that
the traffic light and the crosswalk light changes at regular intervals

LEDs :It represents the actual traffic light and crosswalk signal. The green,
yellow, and red LEDs indicate the state of the traffic light.

Splitter:- It distributes the output of the ROM to appropriate lights,


ensuring that the traffic and crosswalk light receives the correct signal
simultaneously.

Reset button:- it returns the counter and light to the initial state.

Programmable logic devices and their roles?

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are electronic components that can


be configured to implement various digital logic functions. Unlike fixed
logic devices, PLDs can be reprogrammed to change their functionality
without requiring physical modifications. This makes them highly versatile
and suitable for a wide range of applications.They are found in diverse
fields like computers, telecommunications, industrial control, and
consumer electronics, thus below shall be discussed respectively;

Versatility: -They can be used to create a wide variety of digital circuits,


from simple to complex.

Design flexibility: -1PLDs offer a flexible design approach, allowing


engineers to rapidly develop and test their designs.

Efficiency: -PLDs can often achieve the same functionality with fewer
components than using discrete logic gates, leading to space and cost
savings.
Roles of Programmable Logic Devices

Implementation of complex logic: -PLDs are used to build custom logic


circuits for various applications, including state machines, controllers, and
data processing circuits.

Data communication and processing: -They are utilized in systems for


data communication, signal processing, and data display.

Control and timing operations: -They play a crucial role in controlling


and timing various electronic processes.

Examples of Programmable Logic Devices:

SPLDs: -These are simpler PLDs, often used for glue logic, data
communication, and interfacing.

CPLDs: -CPLDs offer higher logic density and performance compared to


SPLDs, making them suitable for more complex applications.

FPGAs: -FPGAs have the highest density and flexibility, enabling them to
implement very complex systems.

Why PLDs are valuable in digital circuits design?

PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) are valuable in digital circuit design


because they offer flexibility, adaptability, and efficiency, allowing for
faster prototyping, easier modifications, and reduced costs compared to
traditional custom ICs. They enable designers to implement complex logic
functions without the need for specialized hardware or lengthy design
cycles.

1. Flexibility and Adaptability:

Custom Configuration:-PLDs can be programmed to implement various


logic functions, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
Easy Modification: -Designs can be changed by reprogramming the PLD,
eliminating the need for physical modifications to the circuit board.

Independent from Board Layout:

The internal logic of the PLD can be designed independently of the


physical layout of the circuit board, allowing for flexibility in input and
output placement.

2. Enhanced Design Capabilities:

Faster Prototyping: -PLDs allow for rapid prototyping of designs, enabling


faster iteration and testing.

Increased Efficiency: -PLDs can integrate the functions of multiple discrete


components into a single chip, reducing board space and power
consumption.

Lower Costs: -Compared to custom ASICs, PLDs often offer lower


development costs and shorter design times.

In essence, PLDs provide a cost-effective and efficient way to design and


implement digital circuits, offering flexibility, adaptability, and improved
reliability compared to traditional approaches

REFERENCES:

Chakraborty, S., & Mishra, A. (2018). Embedded systems and robotics with
open-source tools. CRC Press.

Harris, D. M., & Harris, S. L. (2015). Digital design and computer


architecture (2nd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann.

Mano, M. M., & Ciletti, M. D. (2017). Digital design: With an introduction to


the Verilog HDL, VHDL, and
SystemVerilog (6th ed.). Pearson.

Ndjountche, T. (2016). Digital electronics 1: Combinational logic circuits.


John Wiley & Sons.

Sze, S. M., & Lee, M. K. (2020). Semiconductor devices: Physics and


technology (4th ed.). Wiley.

Tocci, R. J., Widmer, N. S., & Moss, G. L. (2016). Digital systems: Principles
and applications (12th ed.). Pearson.

Instructables. (2017, October), Learning, sequential Logic Design for a


Digital Clock.

Instructables.https/www.instructables.com/Digital-Clock-Sequential-Logic-
Design/

GeeksForGeeks. (2023, March 6). Counters in Digital Logic.


GeeksforGeeks. Retrieved July 10, 2024, from
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/counters-in-digital-logic/

Tutorialspoint. (2018, January 27). Synchronous Counter (Video). You Tube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pvty_1r-tI8

You might also like