“Java ServletS and XML”

Prepared By

Prof. Anand N. Gharu

(Assistant Professor)
Computer Dept.

CLASS : TE COMPUTER 2019

13 March 2023
SUBJECT : WT (SEM-II) Note: The material to prepare this presentation has been taken from internet and are generated only for students reference and not for

.UNIT : III commercial use .

 SYLLABUS
Servlet: Servlet architecture overview, A “Hello World” servlet, Servlets
generating dynamic content, Servlet life cycle, parameter data, sessions,
cookies, URL rewriting, other Servlet capabilities, data storage, Servlets
concurrency, databases (MySQL) and Java Servlets. XML: XML
documents and vocabularies, XML declaration, XML Namespaces, DOM
based XML processing, transforming XML documents, DTD: Schema,
elements, attributes. AJAX: Introduction, Working of AJAX.
 Syllabus

Servlet:
XML:
● Servlet architecture overview,
● Servlet life cycle, ● XML documents
● A “Hello World” servlet, and vocabularies,
● Servlets generating dynamic ● XML declaration, AJAX:
content, ● XML Namespaces, • Introduction,
● parameter data, ● DOM based XML processing, • Working of AJAX.
● sessions, cookies, URL ● transforming XML
rewriting, documents,
● other Servlet capabilities, ● DTD: Schema,
● data storage, Servlets elements, attributes.
concurrency, databases
(MySQL) and Java Servlets.
SERVLETs
Java Servlets

Servlet

Server Side Dynamic Database

Scripting Operations
Language are possible
 What are Servlets?
● Java Servlets are programs that run on a Web or Application server and
act as a middle
layer between a requests coming from a Web browser or other HTTP
client and databases or applications on the HTTP server.
● Using Servlets, you can collect input from users through web page
forms, present records from a database or another source, and create
web pages dynamically.
Servlets Architecture
 Servlet Life Cycle Diagram

First the HTTP requests coming to the

server are delegated to the servlet
container.

The servlet container loads the servlet

before invoking the service() method.

Then the servlet container handles multiple

requests by spawning multiple threads,each
thread executing the service() method of a
single instance of the servlet.
 Servlet Life Cycle

● The servlet is initialized by calling the init() method.

● The servlet calls service() method to process a client's request.
● The servlet is terminated by calling the destroy() method.
● Finally, servlet is garbage collected by the garbage collector of the JVM
 The init() Method

● The init method is called only once.

● It is called only when the servlet is created, and not called for any user requests afterwards.
● So, it is used for one-time initializations.
● When a user invokes a servlet, a single instance of each servlet gets created, with each user request resulting in a
new thread that is handed off to doGet or doPost as appropriate.
● The init() method simply creates or loads some data that will be used throughout the life of the servlet.
● The init method definition looks like this −
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Initialization code… }
 The service() Method

● The service() method is the main method to perform the actual task.
● The servlet container (i.e. web server) calls the service() method to handle requests coming from the client(
browsers) and to write the response back to the client.
● When server receives a request for a servlet, the service() method checks the HTTP request type (GET,POST)
and calls doGet, doPost, methods as appropriate.

● Here is the signature of this method −

public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {}
 The doGet() Method

● A GET request results from a normal request for a URL or from an HTML form that has no
METHOD specified and it should be handled by doGet() method.

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {
// Servlet code
}
The doPost() Method

A POST request results from an HTML form that specifically lists POST as the
METHOD and it should be handled by doPost() method.

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {
// Servlet code
}
 The destroy() Method

● The destroy() method is called only once at the end of the life cycle of a servlet.
● This method gives your servlet a chance to close database connections, halt background
threads, and perform other such cleanup activities.
● After the destroy() method is called, the servlet object is marked for garbage collection.

● The destroy method definition looks like this −

public void destroy() {

// Finalization code...
}
 Example 1-
To Print Hello World directly

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*; {
import javax.servlet.http.*; response.setContentType("text/html");
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet { PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
out.println("<h1> Hello World </h1>");
public void init() throws ServletException { } }
public void destroy() {}
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException
 Reading Form Data using Servlet

● getParameter() −You call request.getParameter() method to get the value

of a form parameter.

● getParameterValues() −Call this method if the parameter appears more

than once and returns multiple values, for example checkbox.

● getParameterNames() −Call this method if you want a complete list of all

parameters in the current request.
Example 2-
To read data from HTML file and print that.

● It requires 2 files:
○ 1. HTML (s1.html)File
○ 2. Servlet (s2.java) File

● First Run HTML file and after clicking on submit button it will run
servel(.java) file.
Example 2-
To read data from HTML file and print that.
S1.html (html code)
<html>
<form method=“post”
action=“s2”> Enter Your Name
<input type=text name=“t1”>
<br>
<input type=“submit”value=“submit”>
</form>
</body>
</html>
 Example 2-
To read data from HTML file and print that .S2.java (Servlet Code)
import java.io.*; import
javax.servlet.*;
public class s2 extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
IOException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
String a= request.getParameter("t1");
PrintWriter out= response.getWriter();
out.print("<br>Your Name is: "+a);
}
}
Session Tracking (Management)

● Session Tracking is a way to maintain state (data) of an user.It is also known as session management
in servlet.
● Http protocol is a stateless so we need to maintain state using session tracking techniques.
● Each time user requests to the server, server treats the request as the new request.
● So we need to maintain the state of an user to recognize to particular user.

● Whyuse Session Tracking?

● Torecognize the user It is used to recognize the particular user.
Session Tracking Techniques

Cookies
Hidden Form Field
URL Rewriting
HttpSession
Session Tracking- Using Cookies

● A cookie is a small piece of information that is persisted between the multiple client requests.
● A cookie has a name,a single value, and optional attributes such as a comment, path and domain
qualifiers, a maximum age, and a version number.
● HowCookie works
○ In cookies technique, we add cookie with response from the servlet. So cookie is stored in the cache
of the browser. After that if request is sent by the user, cookie is added with request by default. Thus,
we recognize the user as the old user.
Session Tracking- Using Cookies

● Types of Cookie
○ Non-persistent cookie
○ Persistent cookie
● Non-persistent cookie
○ It is valid for single session only. It is removed each time when user closes the browser.
● Persistent cookie
○ It is valid for multiple session .It is not removed each time when user closes the browser.It
is removed only if user logout or sign out.
Session Tracking- Using Cookies

● Advantage of Cookies
○ Simplest technique of maintaining the state.
○ Cookies are maintained at client side.
● Disadvantage of Cookies
○ It will not work if cookie is disabled from the browser.
○ Only textual information can be set in Cookie object.
 Session Tracking- Using Cookies

Useful Methods of Cookie class

Method Description
Sets the maximum age of the
public void setMaxAge(int expiry)
cookie in seconds.
Returns the name of the cookie.
public String getName()
The name cannot be changed
after creation.
public String getValue() Returns the value of the cookie.
public void setName(String name) changes the name of the cookie.
public void setValue(String value) changes the value of the cookie.
 Session Tracking- Using Cookies

● Howto create Cookie?

Cookie ck=new Cookie("user","sonu"); //creating cookie object
response.addCookie(ck); //adding cookie in the response
 Session Tracking- Using Cookies

● Howto delete Cookie?

Cookie ck=newCookie("user","") ;//deleting value of cookie
ck.setMaxAge(0); //changing the maximum age to 0 seconds
response.addCookie(ck); //adding cookie in the response
 Session Tracking- Using Cookies

● Howto get Cookies?

Cookie
ck[]=request.getCookies();
for(int i=0; i<ck.length; i++){

out.print("<br>"+ck[i].getName()+""+ck[i].getValue()); //printing name and value of cookie

}
Session Tracking- Using Cookies Simple example of
Servlet Cookies
Session Tracking- Using Cookies Simple example of
Servlet Cookies

? index.html

<form action="servlet1" method="post">

Name:<input type="text" name="userName"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="go"/>
</form>
Session Tracking- Using Cookies Simple example of
Servlet Cookies
Servlet1.java
try{
String n=request.getParameter("userName");
out.print("Welcome "+n);
Cookie ck=new Cookie("uname",n); //creating cookie object
response.addCookie(ck); //adding cookie in the response

//creating submit button

out.print("<form action='servlet2'>");
out.print("<input type='submit'value='go'>");
out.print("</form>");
out.close();
}
Session Tracking- Using Cookies Simple example of
Servlet Cookies

Servlet2.java

{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();

Cookie ck[]=request.getCookies();
out.print("Hello "+ck[0].getValue());

out.close();
}
 Session Tracking- URLRewriting
● If the client has disabled cookies in the browser then session management
using cookie wont work.
● In that case URL Rewriting can be used as a backup. URL rewriting will
always work.
● In URL rewriting, a token(parameter) is added at the end of the URL.
● The token consist of name/value pair separated by an equal(=) sign.
● For Example:
 Session Tracking- URLRewriting
● When the User clicks on the URL having parameters, the request goes to the Web
Container with extra bit of information at the end of URL.
● The Web Container will fetch the extra part of the requested URL and use it for
session management.
● The getParameter() method is used to get the parameter value at the server side.
● Advantage of URL Rewriting
○ It will always work whether cookie is disabled or not (browser independent).
○ Extra form submission is not required on each pages.
● Disadvantage of URL Rewriting
○ It will work only with links.
○ It can send only textual information.
 Session Tracking- URLRewriting
index.html

<form method="post" action="validate">

Name:<input type="text" name="user" /><br/>
Password:<input type="text" name="pass" ><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
 Session Tracking- URLRewriting

Validate.java

{
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String name = request.getParameter("user");
String pass = request.getParameter("pass");
if(pass.equals("1234")) {
response.sendRedirect("First?user_name="+name+"");
}
 Session Tracking- URLRewriting
First.java
{
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String user = request.getParameter("user_name");
out.println("Welcome "+user);
}
}
 Servlet- Data Storage

● Almost all web applications (servlets or related dynamic web

server software) store and retrieve data –
○ Typical web app uses a data base management system (DBMS)
○ Another option is to use the file system
 Servlet: Concurrancy-
https://docplayer.net/215469659-Data-storage-servlets-and-concurrency.html

One common web application problem:

concurrency
 Servlet: Concurrancy
Concurrency means multiple computations are happening at the same time.
•Ex: Web browser loading several images at the same time, or web
browser can respond to your mouse clicks while it is still downloading
information from a web server are examples of concurrent processing in
action on the client side.
•On a server side, multiple requests to the same servlet may be executed
at the same time. So concurrency container or web server is multithreaded.
 Servlet: Concurrancy

• A thread is a single execution process.

• It is a basic unit of CPU utilization, consisting of own
program counter, a stack, and a set of registers.
• A program is multithreaded when multiple threads execute a
single instance of a program.
Servlet: Concurrancy
 Threading Issues

● Two threads
running in Hello
Counter concurrently.
● The initial value of
visits is assumed to be
17.
 Thread Synchronization

● A servlet must be capable of serving more than one client at a time.

● If several clients issue requests at the same time, methods will
serve each client in a different thread.
● service( ), doGet( ), and doPost( ) can handle many concurrent
clients.
● It uses lock mechanism to synchronize the threads.
 XML
Extensible Markup Language
XML

XML

Extensible Markup Language

 XML
• Introduction to XML

• XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and transporting data.

• What is XML?

• XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language

• XML is a markup language much like HTML

• XML was designed to store and transport data

• XML was designed to be self-descriptive

• XML is a W3C Recommendation

MR. A. N. GHARU 47
 XML Does Not DO Anything
• This note is a note to Tove from Jani, stored as XML::
• <note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
• The XML above is quite self-descriptive:
• It has sender information.
• It has receiver information
• It has a heading
• It has a message body. MR. A. N. GHARU 48
XML Properties

XML is platform &

XML is a markup XML was designed to programming language
language be self-descriptive independent.

XML was designed to

XML is a W3C
XML focuses on data store and transport
Recommendation
data
 Why we need XML?

Machine-1 Machine-2 Machine-3 Machine-4

OS- Windows OS- Linux OS- MAC OS OS- Ubuntu

All having different

Operating System & Data Format
 Why we need XML?

Machine-1 Machine-2 Machine-3 Machine-4

OS- Windows OS- Linux OS- MAC OS OS- Ubuntu

Data Problem Data

Transfer ? Transfer

Data Transfer from one machine to another…..

They need to convert in Compatible Formats
 Why we need XML?

Machine-1 Machine-2 Machine-3 Machine-4

OS- Windows OS- Linux OS- MAC OS OS- Ubuntu

Data Data
Transfer
Solution Transfer

XML
 Why we need XML?

Machine-1 Machine-2 Machine-3 Machine-4

OS- Windows OS- Linux OS- MAC OS OS- Ubuntu

Data Data
Transfer
Solution Transfer

With XML, it is so easy to transfer data between such systems as

XML doesn’t depend on platform and the language
XML Uses

XML used to exchange the XML use to simplify the

XML used to store & creation of a HTML
information between
arrange Data document
organizers and systems

XML can easily be

used for unloading and XML can express any type
merged with style
reloading a database of XML document
sheets to create
desired output.
XML Vs HTML

XML HTML
Is Case Sensitive Is not Case Sensitive
Has user defined tags Has its own predefined tags
Used for Transferring Data Used for Displaying Data
Closing tags are mandatory Closing tags are not always mandatory
It is Dynamic It is Static
XML preserve white spaces HTML does not preserve white spaces
XML Vs HTML
 XML Syntax & Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<note>
<root>
<child> <to>Amisha</to>
<subchild>.....</subchild> <from>Janvi</from>
</child> <heading>Reminder</heading>
</root> <body>Don't forget Meeting!</body>
</note>
 XML Tree Structure

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<bookstore>
<book category="cooking">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="children">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
Practical No-3

XML with CSS

 XML with CSS Example

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="filename.css"?>

 DTD
Document Type Definition
DTD

DTD

Document Type Definition

Why TO Use DTD?

A DTD defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML
document

With a DTD, groups of people can agree on a standard DTD for

interchanging data.

An application can use a DTD to verify that XML data is valid

Types of DTD

Types of DTD

Internal External
Internal DTD- DTD is declared inside the XML file, and
wrapped inside the <!DOCTYPE> definition

<?xml version="1.0"?> XML Prolog

<!DOCTYPE note [
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> XML
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> Elements
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
]>
<note>
<to> Amisha </to>
<from> Janhvi</from>
<heading> Meeting Reminder</heading> XML Code
<body>Today at 5:00PM </body>
</note>
 DTD Explained
❑ !DOCTYPE note defines that the root element of this document is note
❑ !ELEMENT note defines that the note element must contain four elements:
"to,from,heading,body"

❑ !ELEMENT to defines the to element to be of type "#PCDATA"

❑ !ELEMENT from defines the from element to be of type "#PCDATA"

❑ !ELEMENT heading defines the heading element to be of type "#PCDATA"

❑ !ELEMENT body defines the body element to be of type "#PCDATA"

#PCDATA means parsed character data.

The term CDATA, meaning character data
 External DTD- Requires 2 Files
1> XML and 2>DTD

XML File DTD File- note.dtd

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!ELEMENT note
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "note.dtd"> (to,from,heading,body)>
<note>
<to> Amisha </to> <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<from> Janhvi</from> <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<heading> Meeting Reminder </heading> <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<body>Today at 5:00PM </body> <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
</note>
 BUILDING BLOCK OF XML
1. Elements
Elements are the main building blocks of both XML and HTML documents.
Examples of HTML elements are "body" and "table". Examples of XML elements could be "note" and "message".
Elements can contain text, other elements, or be empty. Examples of empty HTML elements are "hr", "br" and
"img". <body>some text</body>

2. Attributes
Attributes provide extra information about elements.
Attributes are always placed inside the opening tag of an element. Attributes always come in name/value pairs. The
following "img" element has additional information about a source file:
<img src="computer.gif" />
The name of the element is "img". The name of the attribute is "src". The value of the attribute is "computer.gif".
Since the element itself is empty it is closed by a " /".
 BUILDING BLOCK OF XML
3. Entities
Some characters have a special meaning in XML, like the less than sign (<) that defines the start of an XML tag.
Most of you know the HTML entity: "&nbsp;". This "no-breaking-space" entity is used in HTML to insert an extra
space in a document. Entities are expanded when a document is parsed by an XML parser.

The following entities are predefined in XML:

Entity References Character

&lt; <
&gt; >
&amp; &
&quot; "
&apos; '
 BUILDING BLOCK OF XML
4. PCDATA
• PCDATA means parsed character data.
• Think of character data as the text found between the start tag and the end tag of an XML element.
• PCDATA is text that WILL be parsed by a parser. The text will be examined by the parser for entities and markup.
• Tags inside the text will be treated as markup and entities will be expanded.
• However, parsed character data should not contain any &, <, or > characters; these need to be represented by the
&amp; &lt; and &gt; entities, respectively.

5. CDATA
• CDATA means character data.
• CDATA is text that will NOT be parsed by a parser. Tags inside the text will NOT be treated as markup and
entities will not be expanded.
 DTD point of view - XML documents

● XML Building blocks for DTD: ●Example:

○ Elements ○ <book> c </book>
○ Attributes ○ <book type=“Education”> c </book>
○ Entities ○ <salary> &gt; 5000 </salary>
○ PCDATA ○ text data (Parsing Character Data)
○ CDATA ○ Character Data ( > < ‘ “ &)
XML Schema
 XML Schema
• What is XML schema

XML schema is a language which is used for expressing constraint about XML
documents. There are so many schema languages which are used now a days for
example : XSD (XML schema definition).

• An XML schema is used to define the structure of an XML document.

• It is like DTD but provides more control on XML structure.

 XML Schema
Checking Validation

An XML document is called "well-formed" if it contains the correct syntax. A well-

formed and valid XML document is one which have been validated against
Schema.

Visit http://www.xmlvalidation.com to validate the XML file against schema or

DTD.
 XML Schema
❑ An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document. The XML Schema
language is also referred to as XML Schema Definition (XSD).
❑ An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document, just like a DTD.
❑ XML Schema is an XML-based alternative to DTD
❑ XML Schemas are More Powerful than DTD
❑ XML Schemas are written in XML
❑ XML Schemas are extensible to additions
❑ XML Schemas support data types
❑ XML Schemas support namespaces
❑ It is primarily used to define the elements, attributes and data types the document
can contain.
XML Schema- Example

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="emp">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="salary" type="xs:int"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
 XML Schema Example Explained

❏ <xs:element name="emp"> defines the element called "emp"

❏ <xs:complexType> the "emp" element is a complex type
❏ <xs:sequence> the complex type is a sequence of elements
❏ <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"> the element "name" is of type string (text)
❏ <xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"> the element "address" is of type string
❏ <xs:element name="salary" type="xs:int"> the element "salary" is of type int
 DTD VS XML Schema
DTD XML Schema
It doesn’t support namespace. It supports namespace.

It is comparatively harder than XSD. It is relatively more simpler than DTD.

It doesn’t support datatypes. It supports datatypes.

SGML syntax is used for DTD. XML is used for writing XSD.

It is not extensible in nature. It is extensible in nature.

Standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML)
Extended Markup Language (XML)
Document Type Definition (DTD)
XML Schema Definition (XSD)
 XML
Advantages & Limitations(Disadvantages)

Advantages
XML is platform independent and programming language independent, thus it can be used on any
system and supports the technology change

It supports Unicode, allowing almost any information in any written human language to be
communicated
The data stored and transported using XML can be changed at any point of time without affecting the
data presentation
XML allows validation using DTD and Schema. This validation ensures that the XML document is free
from any syntax error.

It is XML simplifies data sharing between various systems because of its platform independent nature
 XML
Advantages & Limitations(Disadvantages)
Disadvantages
XML syntax is verbose and redundant compared to other text-based data transmission formats such as
JSON.
The redundancy in syntax of XML causes higher storage and transportation cost when the volume of
data is large.

XML document is less readable compared to other text-based data transmission formats such as JSON.
XML doesn’t support array.
XML file sizes are usually very large due to its verbose nature, it is totally dependent on who is writing it.

.JSON : JavaScript Object Notation

JSON is used for storing and transporting data. JSON is often used when data is sent from a server to a web page.
Difference JSON Vs XML :
The JSON format is used to store and transmit data, while XML is used to represent data in a machine-readable way.
 XML
Advantages of XSD over DTD :
1. XSD is extensible while DTD is not. This makes it easier to derive new
elements from existing elements in XSD.
2. XSD also supports data types, so the content of an element can be restricted.
DTD cannot restrict content of an element as it does not support data types.
3. XSD supports element default values, whereas DTD cannot.
4. It is possible to include or import multiple XML schemas within an XML
schema. This is not possible with DTD.
AJAX
 AJAX
● What is AJAX?
○ AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.
○ AJAX is not a programming language.
○ AJAX just uses a combination of:
○ A browser built-in XMLHttpRequest object (to request data from a
web server)
○ JavaScript and HTML DOM (to display or use the data)
 AJAX
● What is AJAX?
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by
exchanging data with a web server behind the scenes.
This means that it is possible to update parts of a web
page, without reloading the whole page.
How AJAX Works?
 How AJAX Works?
1. An event occurs in a web page (the page is loaded, a button is clicked)

2. An XMLHttpRequest object is created by JavaScript

3. The XMLHttpRequest object sends a request to a web server

4. The server processes the request

5. The server sends a response back to the web page

6. The response is read by JavaScript

7. Proper action (like page update) is performed by JavaScript

 AJAX - Technologies
● AJAX cannot work independently. It is used in combination with other technologies to create
interactive webpages.
● JavaScript
○ Loosely typed scripting language.
○ JavaScript function is called when an event occurs in a page.
○ Glue for the whole AJAX operation.
● DOM
○ API for accessing and manipulating structured documents.
○ Represents the structure of XML and HTML documents.
● CSS
○ Allows for a clear separation of the presentation style from the content and may be changed programmatically
by JavaScript
● XMLHttpRequest
○ JavaScript object that performs asynchronous interaction with the server.
 AJAX – Real Time Examples
Here is a list of some famous web applications that make use of AJAX.
● Google Maps
○ A user can drag an entire map by using the mouse, rather than clicking on a button.
● Google Suggest
○ As you type, Google offers suggestions. Use the arrow keys to navigate the results.
● Gmail
○ Gmail is a webmail built on the idea that emails can be more intuitive, efficient, and useful.
● Yahoo Maps (new)
○ Now it's even easier and more fun to get where you're going!
How AJAX Works?
 AJAX Processing Steps
● Steps of AJAX Operation
○ A client event occurs.
○ An XMLHttpRequest object is created.
○ The XMLHttpRequest object is configured.
○ The XMLHttpRequest object makes an asynchronous request to the Webserver.
○ The Webserver returns the result containing XML document.
○ The XMLHttpRequest object calls the callback() function and processes the result.
○ The HTML DOM is updated.
 AJAX Example – table.html

function
<html>
if request.readyState==4) {
<head>
var val=request.responseText;
<script>
document.getElementById('amit').innerHTML=val;
var request;
}
}
function sendInfo() { </script>
var v=document.f1.t1.value; </head>
var url="index.jsp?val="+v;
<body>
if(window.XMLHttpRequest){ <h1>This is an example of ajax</h1>
request=new XMLHttpRequest(); <form name=“f1">
} <input type="text" name="t1">
<input type="button"
request.onreadystatechange=getInfo; value="ShowTable"
onClick="sendInfo()">
request.open("GET",url,true);
</form>
request.send();
<span id="amit"> </span>
} </body>
 AJAX Example- index.jsp

<%
int n=Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("val"));
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
out.print(i*n+"<br>");
%>
AJAX Example output
References
• https://www.javatpoint.com/cookies-in-servlet
• https://www.javatpoint.com/hidden-form-field-in-session- tracking
• https://www.studytonight.com/servlet/hidden-form-field.php
• https://www.studytonight.com/servlet/url-rewriting-for- session-
management.php
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/jsp/jsp_overview.htm
• https://www.javatpoint.com/jsp-tutorial
• https://www.studytonight.com/jsp/introduction-to-jsp.php
• https://www.studytonight.com/jsp/creating-a-jsp-page.php
• https://www.studytonight.com/jsp/jsp-scripting-element.php
• https://www.javatpoint.com/java-jdbc
• https://www.javatpoint.com/jsp-include-action
Thank You
[email protected]
Blog : anandgharu.wordpress.com

Prof. Gharu Anand N. 95 95