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2 If Else

This document provides an overview of the if, if...else, and nested if...else statements in C programming, including their syntax and functionality. It includes examples demonstrating how these statements evaluate test expressions and execute corresponding code blocks based on true or false evaluations. Additionally, it explains the if...else ladder for multiple conditions and the option to omit brackets for single statements.

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Aakash Kumar
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2 views9 pages

2 If Else

This document provides an overview of the if, if...else, and nested if...else statements in C programming, including their syntax and functionality. It includes examples demonstrating how these statements evaluate test expressions and execute corresponding code blocks based on true or false evaluations. Additionally, it explains the if...else ladder for multiple conditions and the option to omit brackets for single statements.

Uploaded by

Aakash Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C if...

else Statement
In this tutorial, you will learn about the if statement (including if...else and
nested if..else) in C programming with the help of examples.

C if Statement
The syntax of the if statement in C programming is:

if (test expression)
{
// code
}

How if statement works?

The if statement evaluates the test expression inside the parenthesis () .

 If the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside the body


of if are executed.
 If the test expression is evaluated to false, statements inside the body
of if are not executed.

Working
of if Statement
To learn more about when test expression is evaluated to true (non-zero
value) and false (0), check relational and logical operators.

Example 1: if statement

// Program to display a number if it is negative

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;

printf("Enter an integer: ");


scanf("%d", &number);

// true if number is less than 0


if (number < 0) {
printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
}

printf("The if statement is easy.");

return 0;
}

Output 1

Enter an integer: -2
You entered -2.
The if statement is easy.

When the user enters -2, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to true.
Hence, You entered -2 is displayed on the screen.
Output 2

Enter an integer: 5
The if statement is easy.
When the user enters 5, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to false
and the statement inside the body of if is not executed

C if...else Statement
The if statement may have an optional else block. The syntax of
the if..else statement is:

if (test expression) {
// run code if test expression is true
}
else {
// run code if test expression is false
}

How if...else statement works?

If the test expression is evaluated to true,

 statements inside the body of if are executed.


 statements inside the body of else are skipped from execution.
If the test expression is evaluated to false,

 statements inside the body of else are executed


 statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution.
Workin
g of if...else Statement

Example 2: if...else statement

// Check whether an integer is odd or even

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);

// True if the remainder is 0


if (number%2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
}
else {
printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
}

return 0;
}

Output

Enter an integer: 7
7 is an odd integer.

When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is evaluated to


false. Hence, the statement inside the body of else is executed.

C if...else Ladder
The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon
whether the test expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be
made from more than 2 possibilities.
The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test expressions
and execute different statements.

Syntax of if...else Ladder

if (test expression1) {
// statement(s)
}
else if(test expression2) {
// statement(s)
}
else if (test expression3) {
// statement(s)
}
.
.
else {
// statement(s)
}

Example 3: C if...else Ladder

// Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);

//checks if the two integers are equal.


if(number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}

//checks if number1 is greater than number2.


else if (number1 > number2) {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}

//checks if both test expressions are false


else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}

return 0;
}

Output

Enter two integers: 12


23
Result: 12 < 23
Nested if...else
It is possible to include an if...else statement inside the body of
another if...else statement.

Example 4: Nested if...else

This program given below relates two integers using


either < , > and = similar to the if...else ladder's example. However, we
will use a nested if...else statement to solve this problem.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);

if (number1 >= number2) {


if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}

return 0;
}
If the body of an if...else statement has only one statement, you do not
need to use brackets {} .

For example, this code

if (a > b) {
printf("Hello");
}
printf("Hi");

is equivalent to

if (a > b)
printf("Hello");
printf("Hi");

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