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Heap Data Structures

Heap is a balanced binary tree data structure with two types: Max Heap, where the root node is greater than its children, and Min Heap, where it is less. The document outlines algorithms for constructing and deleting elements from a Max Heap, emphasizing the maintenance of the heap property during these operations. It also includes links to various online training courses related to data structures and algorithms.

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Peerukkan Nazrin Beham Assistant Professor
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2 views3 pages

Heap Data Structures

Heap is a balanced binary tree data structure with two types: Max Heap, where the root node is greater than its children, and Min Heap, where it is less. The document outlines algorithms for constructing and deleting elements from a Max Heap, emphasizing the maintenance of the heap property during these operations. It also includes links to various online training courses related to data structures and algorithms.

Uploaded by

Peerukkan Nazrin Beham Assistant Professor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/7/22, 2:49 PM Heap Data Structures

Heap Data Structures

Heap is a special case of balanced binary tree data structure where the root-node key is compared with its children and arranged accordingly. If α
has child node β then −
key(α) ≥ key(β)

As the value of parent is greater than that of child, this property generates Max Heap. Based on this criteria, a heap can be of two types −

For Input → 35 33 42 10 14 19 27 44 26 31

Min-Heap − Where the value of the root node is less than or equal to either of its children.

Max-Heap − Where the value of the root node is greater than or equal to either of its children.

Both trees are constructed using the same input and order of arrival.

Max Heap Construction Algorithm

We shall use the same example to demonstrate how a Max Heap is created. The procedure to create Min Heap is similar but we go for min values
instead of max values.

We are going to derive an algorithm for max heap by inserting one element at a time. At any point of time, heap must maintain its property. While
insertion, we also assume that we are inserting a node in an already heapified tree.

Step 1 − Create a new node at the end of heap.


Step 2 − Assign new value to the node.
Step 3 − Compare the value of this child node with its parent.
Step 4 − If value of parent is less than child, then swap them.
Step 5 − Repeat step 3 & 4 until Heap property holds.

Note − In Min Heap construction algorithm, we expect the value of the parent node to be less than that of the child node.

Let's understand Max Heap construction by an animated illustration. We consider the same input sample that we used earlier.

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3/7/22, 2:49 PM Heap Data Structures

Max Heap Deletion Algorithm

Let us derive an algorithm to delete from max heap. Deletion in Max (or Min) Heap always happens at the root to remove the Maximum (or
minimum) value.

Step 1 − Remove root node.


Step 2 − Move the last element of last level to root.
Step 3 − Compare the value of this child node with its parent.
Step 4 − If value of parent is less than child, then swap them.
Step 5 − Repeat step 3 & 4 until Heap property holds.

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