JDBC:-

Basically all Application divided into two parts:-

1. Standalone-Application.
2. Web-Application

Standalone-Application:-The Application which running on single

machine such types of application known as Standalone-Application.
Ex:-Notepad, calculator, MS-Office, VLC etc.

Web-Application:- The application which providing services over the

web such type of application known as Web-Application.
Ex:-google, Facebook, twitter etc.

Either we developed Standalone-Application or Web-Application,

application required some storage area where application can store
and access data like username, password, image, mp3 etc.

All Storage Area divided into two parts:-

1. Temporary Storage Areas.
2. Permanent Storage Areas.

Temporary Storage Areas:-This type of memory system where we can store

data temporary.
Like RAM level Memory System, All JVM Memory (heap,stack,method etc).
The store data which store in temporary memory system we lost when
shutdown/restart the system, shutdown the JVM, close the application.

Permanent/Persistence Storage area:-This type of memory system where

we can store data permanent.
Once we store data in permanent memory system, we never lost either
we shutdown/restart the system, shutdown the JVM, close the
application.

Types of Permanent/Persistence Storage area:-

1. File System.
2. DBMS
3. Data Warehouses.

File System:-This is one type of permanent memory system, which is

provided by local operating system.
It is best suitable for use when we store very less amount of data.

1|VIKAS-JDBC
Limitation of File System:-
1. It is database dependent because this is provided by local
operating system.
2. We can’t store huge amount of data.
3. There is no security mechanism is available for store data.
4. There is no mechanism available to prevent duplicate data.
5. There is no support of query language.

To overcome above limitation, we should go for database:-

1. This is one type of permanent storage system, which is provided

by database vendor like oracle, mysql, mssql, Sybase etc.
2. It is best suitable for use when we store huge amount of data.
3. Security mechanism is available, without enter user id and
password we can’t access stored data.
4. There is multiple mechanism is available to prevent duplicate
like primary key, unique key.

Limitation of database:-

1. We can’t store very huge amount of data like tera bytes.

2. Database provide only support of structure[Tabular data or
Relational] but not provide support of Semi structured data like
xml and unstructured data like video file, audio file, image
etc.
To overcome above limitation, we should go for Data Warehouses.

In process of development java Application, Application requirement

to interact with database and perform data storage and access
operation, for this requirement we need a technology and that
technology is JDBC.

JDBC:-

1. JDBC is a technology which can be used to interact with database

from java application.
2. JDBC is the part of J2SE.
3. JDBC is an API which contains specification that is defined by
java vendor(SUN MICRO SYSTEM) and implemented by Database
vendor.
4. Database vendor provided implementation of JDBC specification
and this implementation is known as “Driver Software”.

2|VIKAS-JDBC
JDBC Features:-
1. JDBC is a standard API, with the help of JDBC API we can
communicate with any database without rewrite our application.
Therefore, java JDBC API is database independent.
2. JDBC API developed in java and JDBC API applicable for all
platform. So JDBC concept is platform independent API.
3. By using JDBC API we can perform all types of structure query
operation.

JDBC version:-

JDBC VERSION JAVA VERSION

JDBC 1.2 JDK 1.1
JDBC 2.1 JDK 1.2
JDBC 3.0 JDK 1.4
JDBC 4.0 JAVA SE 6
JDBC 4.1 JAVA SE 7
JDBC 4.2 JAVA SE 8
JDBC 4.3 JAVA SE 9

Evaluation of JDBC:-
• If we want communicate with database by using C/C++ application,
then database specific libraries must be available in our
application directory.

C/C++ Application
(ORACLE LIBRARY) ORACLE

• In this diagram C/C++ application interact with ORACLE database

then ORACLE database specific library must be available in
application directory.
• Suppose same application interact with other database like MySql
then MySql specific library must be available in application
directory.

3|VIKAS-JDBC
 So, problem with this approach is, if we migrate one database to
another database then we have to write entire application once
again by using new database specific library.

C/C++ Application
(MYSQL LIBRARY) MYSQL

• This approach makes our application database dependent.

• Overcome these problem Microsoft introduce “ODBC”(Open Database

Connectivity) concept in 1992.

• It is database independent API.

• In this approach, application can interact with any database

just by selecting corresponding ODBC driver and we have not
required use database specific library in application directory;
Hence, our application is database independent.

ORACLE
ODBC Driver ORACLE

MYSQL
C/C++/JAVA ODBC Driver MYSQL
Application

SYBASE
ODBC Driver SYBASE

Limitation with ODBC:-

• ODBC is platform dependent and it work only on window machine.
• ODBC driver are implemented in C language, if we used ODBC driver
with java application, then application performance will go down
because internal conversion required java to C and C to java.

4|VIKAS-JDBC
 • Overcome these problems sun-micro-system introduce JDBC concept
in 19th feb 1997.
• JDBC concept application for any platform and it is platform
independent technology.
• JDBC driver are implemented in java, if we used JDBC driver with
java application then internal conversion is not required and
performance of the application will not go down.

ORACLE
JDBC Driver ORACLE

MYSQL
JAVA JDBC Driver
Application MYSQL

SYBASE
JDBC Driver SYBASE

Note:- ODBC Concept is applicable for any Database and for any
Language, but only for Windows Platform.

Note:-JDBC Concept is Applicable for any Platform and for any

Database, but only for Java Language.

Difference between ODBC and JDBC:-

ODBC JDBC
1).ODBC full name Open Database 1).JDBC there is no official full
Connectivity. name but we called Java Database
Connectivity.
2).ODBC is database independent 2).JDBC is database independent
and platform dependent applicable and platform independent
only for window machine . applicable for all machine.
3).We can use ODBC for any 3).We can use JDBC only for java
language like C, C++, Java etc language.

5|VIKAS-JDBC
JDBC Architecture:-

JAVA APPLICATION

JDBC API

DriverManager

DRIVER FOR ORACLE DRIVER FOR MYSQL DRIVER FOR SYBASE

ORACLE MYSQL SYBASE

DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE

• JDBC API provide DriverManager to our Java Application.

• Java application can communicate with database with the help of
DriverManager class and database specific Driver.

DriverManager:-
• DriverManager is a class present in java.sql package.
• DriverManager is very important component of JDBC architecture.
• DriverManager is responsible to manage all types database driver
available in our System.
• DriverManager is responsible to register and unregister database
driver.
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
DriverManager.unregisterDriver(driver);

6|VIKAS-JDBC
 • DriverManager is responsible to establish connection between
java application and database with the help of database specific
driver.
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(String url, String
uname, String upwd);

Database Driver:-
• Driver is a software which available in from of jar file, which
is part of database.
• It is collection of implementation classes of various interface
present in JDBC API.
• Database driver is very important component of JDBC
Architecture, without driver software we can’t touch database.
• Database driver work as translator/bridge between java
application and database, driver convert java specific call to
database specific call and database specific call to java
specific call.

Note:-Java is platform independent and JVM is platform dependent.

Similarly, Java application is database independent and Driver
software is database dependent.

JDBC API:-
• JDBC API is collection of classes and interface, by using this
classes and interface in our java application we can communicate
with database.
• Database vendor use JDBC API to developed Driver Software.
• JDBC API contains two packages.
1. java.sql package.
2. javax.sql package.

java.sql package:-This package contains basic classes and interface

which can be used in almost all JDBC application.

Classes present in java.sql package:-

1. DriverManager
2. Date
3. Time
4. TimeStamp
5. Types
6. SQLException

7|VIKAS-JDBC
Interface present in java.sql package:-
1. Driver
2. Connection
3. Statement
4. PreparedStatement
5. CallableStatement
6. ResultSet
7. ResultSetMetaData
8. DataBaseMetaData

javax.sql.package:-This package contains advanced level class and

interface, which can be used in advance level JDBC application.

javax.sql package contains sub package also.

1. javax.sql.rowset
2. javax.sql.rowset.serial
3. javax.sql.rowset.spi

classes present in javax.sql package

1. ConnectionEvent
2. StatementEvent
3. RowSetEvent...etc

Interface present in javax.sql package.

1. Savepoint
2. DataSource
3. RowSet
4. ConnectionEventListener
5. StatementEventListener
6. RowSetListener

• JDBC API contain lots of classes and interface. Generally, as a

programmer we are not responsible to provide implementation of
these interface.
But most of the time Database vendor is responsible to provide
implementation of these interface as a part of Driver software.
So, Driver software is collection of implementing class of JDBC
API interface.

8|VIKAS-JDBC
 • Suppose java application communicate with ORACLE database with
the help of oracle driver. So, oracle driver software is
collection of implementing classes of JDBC API interface.
• Every software identifies by some special class name, similarly
driver software is also identified by some special class name.
• Driver is a implementation class of Driver interface present in
java.sql package.

Example:-
Type-1 driver or JDBC-ODBC bridge driver:-This driver class name is
sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
sun.jdbc.odbc:-package name.
JdbcOdbcDriver:-Driver class name.

Type-4 driver or pure java driver or thin driver:-This driver class

name is oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
oracle.jdbc:-package name.
OracleDriver:-Driver class name.

What is the difference between Driver interface, Driver class and

Driver Software?

Driver interface:-
Driver interface act as requirement specification present in java.sql
package and driver software are responsible to provide implementation
of this interface.

Driver class:-
Driver class in a implementation class which provide the implements
of Driver interface present in JDBC API of java.sql package, Driver
class is present in Driver software.

Driver Software:-
Driver Software is very important component of JDBC architecture,
without Driver Software we can’t communicate with Database.

It is collection of implementing classes of various interface present

in JDBC API.

Database driver work as translator or bridge between JDBC application

and database, Driver software convert java call to Database specific
call and Database specific call to java call.

9|VIKAS-JDBC
Driver software is present in form jar file like:-ojdbc14.jar,
ojbc6.jar, mysql-connector.jar and it is the part of database.

Types of Driver Software:-

There are 180+ number of driver is available but based on database
vendor, properties and characteristic all driver are divided into four
parts:-

1. Type-1 Driver
2. Type-2 Driver
3. Type-3 Driver
4. Type-4 Driver

Type-1 Driver(JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver OR Bridge Driver):-

JAVA JDBC-ODBC OBDC

APPLICATION BRIDGE DRIVER DRIVER DATABASE

MACHINE-1 MACHINE-2

• Type-1 driver is also known as JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver or Bridge

Driver.
• Type-1 driver is developed by sun-micro-system as a part of JDK
but this support is not available from java 1.8 version.
• Type-1 driver is internally taking the support of Microsoft ODBC
driver to communicate with Database.
• Type-1 driver convert java call to ODBC call and ODBC driver
convert ODBC call into database call.
• Type-1 driver work as bridge between java application and ODBC
driver.

Advantage of Type-1 driver:-

• Type-1 driver is easy to use and easy to maintain.
• When we use Type-1 driver to communicate with database, then we
have not required to install any software because type-1 driver
is part of JDK.

10 | V I K A S - J D B C
 • This driver is not directly communicating with database, this
driver communicates with database with the help of Microsoft
ODBC driver, so it is database independent.

Disadvantage of Type-1 driver:-

• Type-1 is slowest driver because two level conversion required,
java call to ODBC call and ODBC call to database call.
• It is less portable driver and platform dependent because ODBC
driver is only on Microsoft system.
• This driver is not support from java 1.8 version.

Type-2 Driver(Native-Driver or Native-API-Partly-java driver):-

JAVA NATIVE DATABASE SPECIFIC

APPLICATION DRIVER DATABASE
NATIVE LIBRARY

MACHINE-1 MACHINE-2
• Type-2 driver is also known as Native-Driver or Native-API-
Partly-java driver.
• Type-2 driver is same as Type-1 driver just only one change in
place ODBC driver we used DATABASE SPECIFIC NATIVE LIBRARY.
• Database Native Library is set of function written in non-
java(like C/C++).
• Type-2 driver internally take the support of Database Specific
native library to communicate with database.
• Type-2 driver convert java call to database specific native
library call which is directly understandable to Database.

Advantage of Type-2 Driver:-

• Performance wise this driver is fast compare to type-1 driver
because in this this only level conversion is required java call
to database specific native library call.

Disadvantage of Type-2 driver:-

• This driver is Database dependent because database specific
native library database dependent.
• This driver is also platform dependent because database specific
native library developed in native language/non-java like C/C++.

11 | V I K A S - J D B C
Type-3 Driver(Middleware Driver or Network Protocol Driver or All Java
Net Protocol Driver.):-
JAVA NETWORK
APPLICATIO MIDDLEWARE
PROTOCOL DRIVER SERVER DATABASE
N

MACHINE-1 MACHINE-2 MACHINE-3

• Type-3 driver is also known as Middleware Driver or Network
Protocol Driver or All Java Net Protocol Driver.
• Type-3 Driver internally take the support of Middleware server
to communicate with Database.
• Type-3 Driver is converted java call Middleware server call and
Middleware server can convert Middleware server specific call
into database specific call.

Advantage of Type-3 driver:-

• Type-3 driver is not directly communicating with database; hence
it is database independent.
• This is also platform independent.
• This driver provides very good environment to communicate with
multiple database.

Disadvantage of Type-3 driver:-

• Type-3 driver is dependent on Middleware server to communicate
database and we have to need purchase Middleware server, so this
is expensive way of communication to database.
Example:-IDS Middleware server(Internet Database Access Server).

Type-4 Driver(Pure-Java-Driver or Thin-Driver or All-Java-Native-

Protocol-Driver):-

JAVA
THIN DRIVER
APPLICATION DATABASE

MACHINE-1 MACHINE-2

• Type-4 driver is also known as Pure-Java-Driver or Thin-Driver

or All-Java-Native-Protocol-Driver.

12 | V I K A S - J D B C
 •Type-4 driver is directly communicating with database without
help of any other component like ODBC or Database Specific native
library or Middleware server, therefore this driver is known as
thin driver.
• Type-4 driver is also known as Pure-Java-Driver because this
driver is developed 100% in java.
• Type-4 driver is also known as All-Java-Native-Protocol-Driver
because this driver uses database specific native protocol to
communicate with database.
Advantage of Type-4 driver:-
• Type-4 driver is light-weight.
• It is platform independent.
• Type-4 driver is more secure because it is using database vendor
specific native protocol.

Disadvantage of Type-4 driver:-

• It is database dependent driver.

Driver Software is provided by following vendors:-

1. Java vendor:-This types driver is provided by sun micro system

itself like.
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver

2. Database vendor:-This types driver is provided by database

vendor like
Oracle Database-------ojdbc6.jar
Mysql Database--------mysql-connector.jar

3. Third Party vendor:-This types driver is provided by third party

enterprise.
Like:-
Oracle Database---------Inet Oraxo
Microsoft SQL Server----Inet Merlia.
Sybase Database---------Inet Sybelux.

Note:-It is highly recommended to use Database vendor provided driver

software.

There is multiple technology are used by database vendor to developed

Driver software.

13 | V I K A S - J D B C
 • If a Driver software is completely developed in java technology
such types of Driver software are known as pure java driver.
• If a Driver software is developed in java and other technology
like C,C++ then such type of Driver are known as Partial java
Driver.

Uses of these drivers based on our requirement: -

Type-4 driver:-When we developed standalone application or practising

JDBC application then it is highly recommended to use Type-4 driver.

Type-3 driver:-When we developed large application like enterprise

application then it is highly recommended to use type-3 driver.

Type-2 driver:-If above two driver is not available then we used type-
2 driver.

Type-1 driver:-If there is no driver available then only we should

use type-1 driver.

Tier-Architecture of Driver:-Tier is count value, which defined how

many System or Machine involved in the application development, If
one system/machine is involved in an application development then we
can say this application follows 1-Tier architecture or If two system
involved then we say this application follows 2-tier architecture.
Similarly based on number of systems involved in JDBC communication
driver divided into different tier.
Type-1, Type-2 and Type-4 driver is come under 2-Tier architecture.
Type-3 driver is come under 3-Tier Architecture.

Steps to developed JDBC Application:-

1. Load and Register the driver.
2. Establish the connection between Java Application and Database.
3. Prepare Statement object.
4. Write and execute SQL query.
5. Process Result from ResultSet.
6. Close the connection.

Load and Register the driver:-

14 | V I K A S - J D B C
 • JDBC API contains set of interface and database vendor is
responsible to provide implementation of these interface in the
form of Driver software. So, Driver software should be available
in our application for this we have to place driver software
corresponding jar file in class path.
• Oracle Type-4 driver jar file name is ojdbc6.jar and we place
this jar file in class path and this jar file is present in
following directory.
D:\app\vikas123\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\jdbc\lib\ojdbc6.jar
• Once we place Driver jar file in class path now, we can load and
register driver by using forName() method of Class class.

Here we load and register oracle type-4 driver.

oracle type-4 driver class name is:-“oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver”.

Example:-
Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver”);

When we load Driver class then loaded Driver class static block
will be executed automatically.

In above we loaded “OracleDriver” oracle database Driver class.

So, “OracleDriver” class static block will be executed
automatically.

public class OracleDriver

{
static
{
OracleDriver driver=new OracleDriver();
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
}
}

• Due to execution of this static block loaded driver automatically

register with DriverManager class implicitly, hence we have not
required to perform Driver registration explicitly.

• If we want to register driver explicitly with forName() method

then we perform following task explicitly in java application.

OracleDriver driver=new OracleDriver();

15 | V I K A S - J D B C
 DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);

• From JDBC 4.0 version(JAVA 1.6v) onward Driver call will load
automatically from the class path and we have not need to load
Driver class explicitly.

Establish the connection between Java Application and Database:-

• Once we load and register driver, now we required to establish
connection to database by using getConnection() method of
DriverManager class.
public static Connection getConnection(String jdbcurl, String
usename, String upwd)

Example:-
Connection con=
DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcurl,username,upwd);

Where jdbcurl represent location or address of database.

Where username represent username of database.

Where upwd represent password of database.

JDBC URL Syntax:-

<main_protocol>:<sub_protocol>:<sub_name>

<main_protocol>:-it always jdbc.

<sub_protocol>:--Driver protocol odbc,oracle,mysql.

<sub_name>:------Driver connection details.

JDBC url:- jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE

main_protocol:-jdbc
driver protocol:-oracle.
Driver connection Details:- thin:@localhost:1521:XE

Driver connection Details contains four properties:-

1. Driver name----------------------------thin
2. Machine on which database is running---@localhost

16 | V I K A S - J D B C
 3. Port number of database----------------1521
4. System ID------------------------------XE

How to get Connection class object because Connection is an interface

of JDBC API:-
We are not getting Connection interface object we getting
implementation class object which is part of Driver Software.

Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:or
cl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
System.out.println(con.getClass().getName());

In this program we try to get con variable class name then we result:-
oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection/OracleConnection

If we use implementation class name in place of Connection interface

like:-
OracleConnection
con=(OracleConnection)DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:
@localhost:1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
System.out.println(con.getClass().getName());

Result:- oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection/OracleConnection
This is hardcoded and it applicable only for oracle type-4 driver we
can’t change the driver URL name, if we want try to change the driver
name then we write entire program once again. Overcome this problem
we used Connection interface in place of implementation class.

Create Statement object:-

• After established the connection between java application and
database, some component/vehicle must require through which we
send SQL query to the database.
• Statement object is that component/vehicle through we send SQL
query to the database.
• Create Statement object by using createStatement() method of
Connection interface.
public Statement createStatement()
Statement st=con.createStatement();

Write and execute SQL query:-

Basically, SQL query divided into two section.

17 | V I K A S - J D B C
 1. Select Query Operation.
2. Non-Select Query Operation.

Select Query Operation:-In this query operation we retrieve single or

group of result in form of ResultSet object.

Example:-select * from emp;

Non-Select Query Operation:-In this query operation we performed

update, insert and delete operation and get result numeric value that
represents how many is row affected.
Example:-update emp set esal=esal+50000 where esal<100000;

Once we create/write Sql query now we can execute sql query by using
following method of Statement interface.

1. executeQuery()
2. executeUpdate()
3. execute()

executeQuery() method:-By using this method we execute select query

and get single or group of result in form ResultSet object.

public ResultSet executeQuery(String SelectSqlQuery)throws

SQLException

Example:-ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery(“select * from emp”);

executeUpdate() method:-By using this method we execute non-select

query and get result numeric value, that numeric value represent how
many row affected.

public int executeUpdate(String NonSelectQuery)throws SQLException

Example:-
int count=st.executeUpdate(“update emp set esal=esal+50000 where
esal<100000”);

execute() method:-By using this method we execute select-query and

non-select-query.
If we don’t know types of query at beginning and we get Sql query
dynamically then we used execute() method.

18 | V I K A S - J D B C
public boolean execute()

This method returns boolean value if sql query is select then return
true value and if Sql query non-select then return value is false.

Process Result from ResultSet:-When select query will execute we get

result in form of ResultSet object.

ResultSet object is hold single or group of Result.

ResultSet is a cursor which always locate before first record.

To check whether next record is available or not by using next()

method of ResultSet interface.

public boolean next()

If next record is available then we get record from ResultSet object

by using following method of ResultSet interface.

1. getXXX(String column_name)
2. getXXX(int column_index)

Where XXX value may Int, Double, Object....etc.

while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
}

Note:-It is highly recommended to use column index value in getXXX()

method because comparing number is very easy then comparing Strig
value.

close the connection:-Whatever resources we have open in database

operation, it is highly recommended to close in reverse order of
opening by using close() method.

public void close()

rs.close():-After close ResultSet we not allowed further processing

of ResultSet.

19 | V I K A S - J D B C
st.close():-After close statement then not allowed sending further
query to database.

con.close():-After close Connection then not allowed further

communication to database.

Example:-1 Create a table in oracle database by using type-4 driver.

TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
//Step-1 load and register driver.
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
//Step-2 Establish the connection between Java Application and
Database.
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
//Step-3 Prepare Statement object.
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
//Step-4 Write SQL query
String sqlquery="create table emp(eid number(5),ename
varchar2(10),esal float(10),eaddr varchar2(10))";
//Step-5 Execute SQL query
statement.executeUpdate(sqlquery);
System.out.println("Table Created Successfully");
//close connection
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Steps to Execute First JDBC program on command prompt:-

Step:-1

20 | V I K A S - J D B C
Install Database Software based on our requirement like oracle
mysql...etc.
For above JDBC program execution we install oracle11g database.

Step:-2 To find required Driver jar file in following directory

D:\app\vikas123\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\jdbc\lib\ojdbc6.jar
and place oracle6.jar file in class path by following command on
command prompt.
set
classpath=D:\app\vikas123\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\jdbc\lib\ojdbc6.ja
r;.;

Step:-3 Compile and run JDBC program by using following command.

javac TestJDBC.java
java TestJDBC

Create a table in Oracle Database by using type-1 Driver:-

• We are not creating table in Oracle Database by using type-1
driver because type-1 driver is deprecated and not provide
support from JDK-8.
• Microsoft Window Operating System 8, 10, 11 not provide proper
support of type-1 driver.

Create a table in Oracle Database by using type-2 Driver:-

• Type-2 driver for oracle name is OCI driver (ORACLE CALL

INTERFACE) OCI Driver internally use database native library.
OCI Driver present in oracle database in following jar file.
Oracle14.jar------Oracle 10g(internally oracle uses JDK 1.4 v)
Oracle6.jar-------Oracle 11g(internally oracle uses JDK 6 v)
Oracle7.jar-------Oracle 12c(internally oracle uses JDK 7 v)
----------------------
----------------------
• To keep oracle6.jar in class path then driver software is
available to our program.
• Load and Register driver for this we required driver class name
and Oracle type-2 driver class name is
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver or oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver.
• To establish connection between java application to Database we
required JDBC URL.
JDBC URL:- jdbc:oracle:oci8:@orcl(Oracle Version 8)

21 | V I K A S - J D B C
 jdbc:oracle:oci:@orcl(Oracle Version 9 )

Main-protocol:-jdbc
Sub-protocol:-oracle
Driver-Connection-Details:- oci:@orcl
oci is database specific native library name.
orcl is System ID
orcl:-orcl System ID is unique ID for every database, system id
is varies from database to database or database version to
version.

To find System id there are two ways:-

1. Execute following SQL command on SQL command prompt.
select * from global_name;
2. Go in following directory:-
D:\app\vikas123\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tns
names.ora
And find SERVICE_NAME name value like:(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

Example:2
TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
//Step-1 load and register driver.
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
//Step-2 Establish the connection between Java Application and
Database.
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:oci:@orcl","SYST
EM","vikas123");
//Step-3 Prepare Statement object.
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
//Step-4 Write SQL query
String sqlquery="create table emp(eid number(5),ename
varchar2(10),esal float(10),eaddr varchar2(10))";
//Step-5 Execute SQL query

22 | V I K A S - J D B C
statement.executeUpdate(sqlquery);
System.out.println("Table Created Successfully");
//close connection
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
Create a table in Oracle Database by using type-3 Driver:-

Create a table in Oracle Database by using type-4 Driver:-

A java application communicates with oracle database by using type-4
driver three components required.

1. Driver Jar file.

2. Driver class name.
3. JDBC url.

Driver jar file:-Same driver jar file we will used that jar file we
had uses in type-2 driver.
Jar file is jdbc14.jar, jdbc6.jar, jdbc7.jar.

To keep oracle6.jar in class path then driver software is available

to our program.
Driver class name:- oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver or
oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver same class of type-2 driver.

JDBC URL:-“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl”.

Example:-3
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
//Step-1 load and register driver.
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
//Step-2 Establish the connection between Java Application and
Database.

23 | V I K A S - J D B C
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
//Step-3 Prepare Statement object.
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
//Step-4 Write SQL query
String sqlquery="create table emp(eid number(5),ename
varchar2(10),esal float(10),eaddr varchar2(10))";
//Step-5 Execute SQL query
statement.executeUpdate(sqlquery);
System.out.println("Table Created Successfully");
//close connection
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Steps to Developed JDBC Application by using ECLIPSE IDE(Integrated

Development Environment).
1:-Installation Process:
1) download eclipse IDE(Integrated Development Environment).
2) extract eclipse zip file at the required location.
3) After unzip file, we will find "eclipse" folder.
4) Double click on eclipse icon.
5) Select workplace where we want to manage all application.
2.Prepare Java Project
1) Select File icon or right click on project area ".
2) Select "New"
3) select "Java Project"
4) Provide Project Name:"app1"
5) Click on "Next" button.
6) Click on "Finish" button.
3. Add Database Driver JAR file to Java Application
1) Right Click on "Project".
2) Select "Properties".
3) Select "java build path".
4) Select "Library".
5) Click on “Add External Jar…”.
6) Select the required Jar file.
7) Click on "OK" button.
8) Click on "Finish" button.
9) Click on "Apply" and "OK" button.
4. Prepare JDBC Application

24 | V I K A S - J D B C
 1) Right click on src of Created Java Project.
2) Select "New" button.
3) Select "Class".
4) Provide package Name.
5) Provide Class Name.
6) Select main method if required.
7) Run JDBC by clicking on Run icon.

Example:-4 Insert record into database table.

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
int rowcount=statement.executeUpdate("insert into emp
values(1111,'abc',40000,'dli')");
System.out.println("Number of Record Inserted::"+rowcount);
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-5 Retrieve all record into database table.

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException

25 | V I K A S - J D B C
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
ResultSet resultSet=statement.executeQuery("select * from emp");
System.out.println("EID\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
while(resultSet.next())
{
System.out.print(resultSet.getInt(1)+"\t"+resultSet.getString(2)+"\t
"+resultSet.getFloat(3)+"\t"+resultSet.getString(4));
System.out.println();
}
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Execute NON-SELECT sql query execute by executeQuery() method:-We try

to execute non-select query by executeQuery() method like
ResultSet resultSet=statement.executeQuery("insert into emp
values(1111,’abc’,60000,’dli’)");

Then we can’t expect what the exact result, it varies from driver to
driver, if driver is type-4, we get empty ResultSet object and perform
update operation in respective database table, when we try to retrieve
result from empty ResultSet object then we will get exception.

Example:-5 In this JDBC application we insert the record into database

table on executeQuery() method.
TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException

26 | V I K A S - J D B C
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
ResultSet resultSet=statement.executeQuery("insert into emp
values(5678,'fghr',567000,'gulf')");
System.out.println("EID\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
while(resultSet.next())
{
System.out.print(resultSet.getInt(1)+"\t"+resultSet.getString(2)+"\t
"+resultSet.getFloat(3)+"\t"+resultSet.getString(4));
System.out.println();
}
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Execute SELECT query by executeUpdate() method:-We try to execute

select query by executeUpdate() method like-

int rowcount=statement.executeUpdate("select * from emp");

Then we can’t expect what the exact result, it varies from driver to
driver if driver is type-4, then we will get result number of rows
selected.

Example:-6 In this JDBC application we perform select operation on

executeUpdate() method.
TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");

27 | V I K A S - J D B C
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
int rowcount=statement.executeUpdate("select * from emp");
System.out.println(rowcount);
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Execute DDL queries by executeUpdate() method:- We try to execute

DDL queries like create table, drop table, alter table etc by
executeUpdate() method then we get return integer value and return
value is varies from driver to driver if driver is type-4 then then
we get return values is 0.

Example:-7 Create table by using executeUpdate().

TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
int rowcount=statement.executeUpdate("create table emp1(eid
number)");
System.out.println(rowcount);
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-8 In this JDBC example we perform drop a database table.

TestJDBC.java

28 | V I K A S - J D B C
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
int rowcount=statement.executeUpdate("drop table emp1");
if(rowcount==0)
{
System.out.println("Table deleted successfully");
}
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-9 In this JDBC application we Insert record into data base

table dynamically.
TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

29 | V I K A S - J D B C
while(true)
{
System.out.println("Enter Employee ID");
int eid=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter Employee Name");
String ename=sc.next();
System.out.println("Enter Employee Salary");
float esal=sc.nextFloat();
System.out.println("Enter Employee Address");
String eaddr=sc.next();
statement.executeUpdate("insert into emp
values("+eid+",'"+ename+"','"+esal+"','"+eaddr+"')");
System.out.println("Record Inserted Successfully");
System.out.println("Do you want insert more record[YES/NO] ");
String option=sc.next();
if(option.equalsIgnoreCase("no"))
{
break;
}
}
sc.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-9 In JDBC application we perform Update record in database

table.
TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");

30 | V I K A S - J D B C
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
int updatecount=statement.executeUpdate("update emp set
esal=esal+20000 where esal>60000");
System.out.println("Number of Row Updated::"+updatecount);
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-10 In JDBC application we perform update multiple record in

database dynamically.
TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
while (true)
{
System.out.println("Enter Salary Increment");
float incsal=sc.nextFloat();
System.out.println("Enter Salary Range");
float salrange=sc.nextFloat();
String sqlquery=String.format("update emp set esal=esal+%f where
esal>%f",incsal,salrange);
int updatecount=statement.executeUpdate(sqlquery);
System.out.println("Do you want more updation[YES/NO]");
String option=sc.next();
if(option.equalsIgnoreCase("no"))
{
break;
}
System.out.println("Number of Row Updated::"+updatecount);

31 | V I K A S - J D B C
}
sc.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-11 In this JDBC application we perform Delete Record from

database table.
TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
int updatecount=statement.executeUpdate("delete from emp where
ename='amit'");
System.out.println("Number of Row Updated::"+updatecount);
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-12 In this JDBC application we delete multiple record from

database table based on dynamic input.
TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException

32 | V I K A S - J D B C
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Salary Range");
float salrange=sc.nextFloat();
String sqlquery="delete from emp where esal>'"+salrange+"'";
int updatecount=statement.executeUpdate(sqlquery);
System.out.println("Number of Row Updated::"+updatecount);
sc.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Retrieve record from database table:- Order of column and number of

column of Database table not need to same as order of column and
number of column of ResultSet it may be same or difference. So, we
retrieve all or particular column from database table based on order
of ResultSet not Database.
EMP table:-

EID ENAME ESAL EADDR

1234 ABCD 70000 DLI
1235 EFGH 80000 NOI

Case:-1
ResultSet rs=statement.executeQuery(“select * from emp”);

• Column order of database table is EID,ENAME,ESAL,EADDR.

• Number of columns of database table is 4.
• Column order of ResultSet is EID,ENAME,ESAL,EADDR.
• Number of columns of ResultSet is 4.
• So, we retrieve record from database table base as following
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+” ”+rs.getString(2)+”
”+rs.getFloat(3)+” ”+rs.getString(4));
}

33 | V I K A S - J D B C
Case:-2
ResultSet rs=statement.executeQuery(“select ename, esal, eaddr, eid
from emp”);

• Column order of database table is EID,ENAME,ESAL,EADDR.

• Number of columns of database table is 4.
• Column order of ResultSet is ENAME,ESAL,EADDR, EID.
• Number of columns of ResultSet is 4.
• So, we retrieve record from database table-based column order of
ResultSet as following.

while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+” ”+rs.getFloat(2)+”
”+rs.getString(3)+” ”+rs.getInt(4));
}

Case:-3
ResultSet rs=statement.executeQuery(“select ename, eid from emp”);
• Column order of database table is EID,ENAME,ESAL,EADDR.
• Number of columns of database table is 4.
• Column order of ResultSet is ENAME, EID.
• Number of columns of ResultSet is 2.
• So, we retrieve record from database table based column order of
ResultSet as following
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+” ”+rs.getInt(2));
}

Example:-13 In this JDBC application we retrieve particular record

from database table.
TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {

34 | V I K A S - J D B C
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
String sqlquery="select ename,esal from emp";
System.out.println("ENAME\tESAL");
ResultSet rs=statement.executeQuery(sqlquery);
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+"\t"+rs.getFloat(2));
System.out.println();
}
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-14 In JDBC application retrieve record from database table

based on initial name of employee.
TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Initial character of Employee");

35 | V I K A S - J D B C
String intial_char=sc.next()+"%";
String sqlquery="select * from emp where ename like
'"+intial_char+"'";
boolean flag=false;
System.out.println("EID\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
ResultSet rs=statement.executeQuery(sqlquery);
while(rs.next())
{
flag=true;
System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+"\t"+rs.getString(2)+"\t"+rs.getFloat(
3)+"\t"+rs.getString(4));
System.out.println();
}
if(flag==false)
{
System.out.println("Record is not available");
}
sc.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

Example:-15 In this JDBC application we retrieve all record from

database table based on ascending or descending order.
TestJDBC.java

package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();
String sqlquery="select * from emp order by esal ASC";

36 | V I K A S - J D B C
//for descending 'DESC' we can use.
System.out.println("EID\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
ResultSet rs=statement.executeQuery(sqlquery);
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+"\t"+rs.getString(2)+"\t"+rs.getFloat(
3)+"\t"+rs.getString(4));
System.out.println();
}
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
Aggregate Function:-In oracle database multiple aggregate function
are available by using this aggregate function we get summary of
result like.
count(*):-This aggregate function return number of records available
in oracle database table.

max(String column_name):-This aggregate function return maximum

value of a particular column.

min(String column_name):-This aggregate function return minimum

value of a particular column.

Example:-16 In this application we use get the result based on

Aggregate Function.
TestJDBC.java
package com.vikas.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class TestJDBC {
public static void main(String[] args)throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException
{
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
Connection
connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:
1521:orcl","SYSTEM","vikas123");
Statement statement=connection.createStatement();

37 | V I K A S - J D B C
//----------ueses count(*) aggregate function-------------
String sqlquery1="select count(*) from emp";
ResultSet resultSet1=statement.executeQuery(sqlquery1);
if(resultSet1.next())
{
System.out.print("Total Number Of Record Aailable=
"+resultSet1.getInt(1));
System.out.println();
}
//-------------ueses max() aggregate function---------------
String sqlquery2="select * from emp where esal in(select max(esal)
from emp)";
ResultSet resultSet2=statement.executeQuery(sqlquery2);
if(resultSet2.next())
{
System.out.println("Highest Salary of Employee Information");
System.out.println("EID\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
System.out.print(resultSet2.getInt(1)+"\t"+resultSet2.getString(2)+"
\t"+resultSet2.getFloat(3)+"\t"+resultSet2.getString(4));
System.out.println();
}
//-------------ueses min() aggregate function---------------
String sqlquery3="select * from emp where esal in(select min(esal)
from emp)";
ResultSet resultSet3=statement.executeQuery(sqlquery3);
if(resultSet3.next())
{
System.out.println("Lowest Salary of Employee Information");
System.out.println("EID\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
System.out.print(resultSet3.getInt(1)+"\t"+resultSet3.getString(2)+"
\t"+resultSet3.getFloat(3)+"\t"+resultSet3.getString(4));
}
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

38 | V I K A S - J D B C