Investigatory Project Of
Chemistry 2022-23
Kendriya Vidyalaya No 2
Colaba
Aryan Gupta
Class - XII-A
Roll NO - 06
INDEX
SERIAL NO TITLE PAGE NO
1. CERTIFICATE 3
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
3. CONTENTS 5
4. INTRODUCTION 6-9
5. EXPERIMENT 10-13
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 14
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ARYAN GUPTA OF CLASS XII-A
OF KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 2, COLABA, MUMBAI-05
HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ENTITLED ELEVATION IN
BOILING POINT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE
CHEMISTRY TEACHER MRS. MONA PANCHAL FOR THE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-23
ALL THE WORK RELATED TO THE PROJECT IS DONE BY
THE CANDIDATE HIMSELF. THE APPROACH TOWARDS
THE SUBJECT HAS BEEN SINCERE AND SCIENTIFIC.
Signature of Signature of
External Examiner Chemistry Teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WISH TO EXPRESS MY DEEP GRATITUDE AND SINCERE
THANKS TO THE PRINCIPAL, MRS. SAVITA YADAV
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 2 COLABA, MUMBAI-05 FOR
THE ENCOURAGEMENT AND FOR ALL THE FACILITIES
PROVIDED FOR THE PROJECT WORK.
I EXTEND MY HEARTY THANKS TO MRS. MONA
PANCHAL, PGT CHEMISTRY WHO GUIDED ME FOR THE
SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT WORK. I TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS
MY DEEP SENSE OF GRATITUDE FOR HER INVALUABLE
GUIDANCE, CONSTANT ENCOURAGEMENT AND
IMMENSE MOTIVATION WHICH HAS SUSTAINED MY
EFFORTS AT ALL THE STAGES OF THIS PROJECT WORK.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANKS MY CLASSMATES AND
MY PARENTS WHO HELPED ME TO CARRY OUT THE
PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY AND FOR THE VALUABLE ADVICE
AND SUPPORT WHICH I RECEIVED FROM THEM TIME TO
TIME.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTON …………………………. 6
2. TYPES OF COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES ……. 6
3. ELEVATION ………………………………… 7-9
4. EXPERIMENT……………………………… 10-13
• AIM …………………………………… 10
• MATERIALS REQUIRED……….. 10
• PROCEDURE ……………………… 11
• OBSERVATION ………………… 13
• RESULT ………………………….. 13
• BIBILOGRAPHY ……………… 14
INTRODUCTION
All the properties depend on the number of solute
particles irrespective of their nature relative to the
number of particles present in the solution. Such
properties are called Colligative properties.
It means that two solutions having different
components but same mole fraction of solute can
have identical colligative properties.
TYPES OF COLLIGATIVE
PROPERTIES
1. Relative lowering in vapour pressure
2. Elevation in boiling point
3. Depression in freezing point
4. Osmotic pressure
ELIVATION IN BOILING POINT
The temperature at which the vapour pressure
of the liquid becomes equal to the external
pressure is called the Boiling point.
The vapour pressure of the solution decreases
upon addition of non volatile solute, according
to Raoult’s law. Hence boiling point of the
solution increases. The increase in boiling point
of a liquid when a non volatile solute is added in
it is called Boiling point elevation.
The vapour pressure of a liquid increases with
of temperature. The boiling point of a solution
is always higher than that of the pure solvent in
which the solution is prepared. Similar, to the
lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of
boiling point also depend on the number of the
solute molecules rather than their nature.
Delta Tb, the boiling elevation, is defined as
Tb (solution) - Tb (solution).
It depends upon the number of moles of the
added non-volatile solute.
For dilute solutions the elevation of boiling
point (Delta Tb) is directly proportional to the
molal concentration of the solute in the
solution.
Delta Tb directly proportional to m
or Tb = Kb x m
‘m’ = molality of the solute (no. of moles of
solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent)
Kb = Ebullioscopic Constant or molal elevation
constant, which depends on the solvent.
Unit of Kb is K kg mol-1
If w2 gram of solute of molar mass M2 is
dissolved in w1 gram of solvent, then molality,
m of the solution is given by the expression:
m = (w2/M2) /(w1/1000) = (1000 x w2) /(M2 x w1)
Delta Tb = (Kb x1000 x w2) /(M2 x w1)
M2 = (1000 x w2 x Kb) /(Delta Tb x w1)
EXPERIMENT
AIM:
To study the effect of various solutes on the
elevation of boiling point.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. Bunsen Burner
2. Tripod Stand
3. Wire Mesh
4. 250ml Flask
5. Glass Stirrer
6. Beckmann’s Thermometer
7. Solutes Under Investigation
8. Tap Water
PROCEDURE:
1. Set up the apparatus using a 250ml beaker
containing 200ml of the experimental solution.
2. Put the beaker on the tripod stand with a
wire mesh and use the Bunsen burner to heat
the solution.
3. A celestial thermometer calibrated up to 110
degree Celsius is immersed in the solution in the
beaker with the help of a clamp stand.
4. The initial temperature taken before starting
the experiment was considered as the room
temperature.
5. At first find the boiling point of the tap water.
This temperature is taken as the standard
boiling point of the solution.
6. Now, prepare three different concentrations
of Glucose and boil 250ml of each one by one in
the beaker.
7. Take the readings of the temperature after
every 20 seconds.
8. After 90 seconds, take the readings after
every 10 seconds in order to easily find out the
concurrent result.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
The boiling point of tap water as solvent is
found to be 99.3 C
Least count of thermometer: 0.1 C
Table for elevation in boiling point:
Table for Molal Measured Elevation in
elevation in concentrati temperatur b.p. from
boiling on e of b.p. (C) experiment
point: Mass (mole/kg) (C)
of solute
(grams)
Glucose
0.125 99.4 0.1
0.250 100.6 1.3
0.500 101.1 1.8
1.000 101.2 1.9
RESULT:
On increasing the concentration, the boiling
point of glucose increases.
BIBLIGROPHY
• Chemistry textbook for class XII, Part-1,
NCERT
• Chemistry Laboratory Manual for class XII,
NCERT
• www.wikipedia.org
