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Cheatsheets / Learn JavaScript

Introduction

Assignment Operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left let number = 100;

operand based on the value of its right operand.
Here are some of them:
+= addition assignment // Both statements will add 10
-= subtraction assignment number = number + 10;
*= multiplication assignment number += 10;
/= division assignment

console.log(number);
// Prints: 120

String Interpolation

String interpolation is the process of evaluating string let age = 7;

literals containing one or more placeholders
(expressions, variables, etc).
It can be performed using template literals: text // String concatenation
${expression} text . 'Tommy is ' + age + ' years old.';

// String interpolation
`Tommy is ${age} years old.`;

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Variables

Variables are used whenever there’s a need to store a const currency = '$';
piece of data. A variable contains data that can be
let userIncome = 85000;
used in the program elsewhere. Using variables also
ensures code re-usability since it can be used to
replace the same value in multiple places. console.log(currency + userIncome + '
is more than the average income.');
// Prints: $85000 is more than the
average income.

Unde!ned

undefined is a primitive JavaScript value that var a;

represents lack of de!ned value. Variables that are
declared but not initialized to a value will have the
value undefined . console.log(a);
// Prints: undefined

Learn Javascript: Variables

A variable is a container for data that is stored in // Examples of variables

computer memory. It is referenced by a descriptive
let name = "Tammy";
name that a programmer can call to assign a speci!c
value and retrieve it. const found = false;
var age = 3;
console.log(name, found, age);
// Prints: Tammy false 3

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Declaring Variables

To declare a variable in JavaScript, any of these three var age;

keywords can be used along with a variable name:
let weight;
var is used in pre-ES6 versions of
JavaScript. const numberOfFingers = 20;
let is the preferred way to declare a
variable when it can be reassigned.
const is the preferred way to declare a
variable with a constant value.

Template Literals

Template literals are strings that allow embedded let name = "Codecademy";
expressions, ${expression} . While regular
console.log(`Hello, ${name}`);
strings use single ' or double " quotes, template
literals use backticks instead. // Prints: Hello, Codecademy

console.log(`Billy is ${6+8} years

old.`);
// Prints: Billy is 14 years old.

let
let Keyword

let creates a local variable in JavaScript & can be let count;

re-assigned. Initialization during the declaration of a
console.log(count); // Prints:
let variable is optional. A let variable will
undefined
contain undefined if nothing is assigned to it.
count = 10;
console.log(count); // Prints: 10

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const
const Keyword

A constant variable can be declared using the const numberOfColumns = 4;

keyword const . It must have an assignment. Any
numberOfColumns = 8;
attempt of re-assigning a const variable will result
in JavaScript runtime error. // TypeError: Assignment to constant
variable.

String Concatenation

In JavaScript, multiple strings can be concatenated let service = 'credit card';

together using the + operator. In the example,
let month = 'May 30th';
multiple strings and variables containing string values
have been concatenated. After execution of the let displayText = 'Your ' + service +
code block, the displayText variable will ' bill is due on ' + month + '.';
contain the concatenated string.

console.log(displayText);
// Prints: Your credit card bill is due
on May 30th.

console.log()
console.log()

The console.log() method is used to log or console.log('Hi there!');

print messages to the console. It can also be used to
// Prints: Hi there!
print objects and other info.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a programming language that powers

the dynamic behavior on most websites. Alongside
HTML and CSS, it is a core technology that makes the
web run.

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Methods

Methods return information about an object, and are // Returns a number between 0 and 1
called by appending an instance with a period . ,
Math.random();
the method name, and parentheses.

Built-in Objects

Built-in objects contain methods that can be called Math.random();

by appending the object name with a period . , the
// Math is the built-in object
method name, and a set of parentheses.

Numbers

Numbers are a primitive data type. They include the let amount = 6;
set of all integers and "oating point numbers.
let price = 4.99;

String .length
.length

The .length property of a string returns the let message = 'good nite';
number of characters that make up the string.
console.log(message.length);
// Prints: 9

console.log('howdy'.length);
// Prints: 5

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Data Instances

When a new piece of data is introduced into a

JavaScript program, the program keeps track of it in
an instance of that data type. An instance is an
individual case of a data type.

Booleans

Booleans are a primitive data type. They can be let lateToWork = true;
either true or false .

Math.random()
Math.random()

The Math.random() method returns a console.log(Math.random());

"oating-point, random number in the range from 0
// Prints: 0 - 0.9999999999999999
(inclusive) up to but not including 1.

Math.floor()
Math.floor()

The Math.floor() function returns the largest console.log(Math.floor(5.95));

integer less than or equal to the given number.
// Prints: 5

Single Line Comments

In JavaScript, single-line comments are created with // This line will denote a comment
two consecutive forward slashes // .

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Null

Null is a primitive data type. It represents the let x = null;

intentional absence of value. In code, it is
represented as null .

Strings

Strings are a primitive data type. They are any let single = 'Wheres my bandit hat?';
grouping of characters (letters, spaces, numbers, or
let double = "Wheres my bandit hat?";
symbols) surrounded by single quotes ' or double
quotes " .

Arithmetic Operators

JavaScript supports arithmetic operators for: // Addition

+ addition
5 + 5
- subtraction
// Subtraction
* multiplication
/ division 10 - 5
% modulo // Multiplication
5 * 10
// Division
10 / 5
// Modulo
10 % 5

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Multi-line Comments

In JavaScript, multi-line comments are created by /*

surrounding the lines with /* at the beginning and
The below configuration must be
*/ at the end. Comments are good ways for a
variety of reasons like explaining a code block or changed before deployment.
indicating some hints, etc. */

let baseUrl =
'localhost/taxwebapp/country';

Remainder / Modulo Operator

The remainder operator, sometimes called modulo, // calculates # of weeks in a year,

returns the number that remains after the right-hand
number divides into the left-hand number as many
rounds down to nearest integer
times as it evenly can. const weeksInYear = Math.floor(365/7);

// calcuates the number of days left

over after 365 is divded by 7
const daysLeftOver = 365 % 7 ;

console.log("A year has " + weeksInYear

+ " weeks and " + daysLeftOver + "
days");

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