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553 Graph Databases

The document discusses graph databases, highlighting key concepts such as vertices, edges, and different types of graph models like property graphs and RDF. It compares various graph query languages including Cypher, PGQL, and SPARQL, and outlines the proposed GQL standardization project. Additionally, it mentions potential applications of graph databases in fields like social networking, finance analytics, and logistics.

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Andre Nascimento
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4 views20 pages

553 Graph Databases

The document discusses graph databases, highlighting key concepts such as vertices, edges, and different types of graph models like property graphs and RDF. It compares various graph query languages including Cypher, PGQL, and SPARQL, and outlines the proposed GQL standardization project. Additionally, it mentions potential applications of graph databases in fields like social networking, finance analytics, and logistics.

Uploaded by

Andre Nascimento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graph Databases

Introduction, Standardization,
Opportunities
Peter Eisentraut

[email protected]
@petereisentraut
graph

terms: vertex, node; edge, relationship, arc


directed graph
property graph
transaction
amount=$100.00
transaction
Person ownerOf Account amount=$150.00
name=Alice number=3916 Account transaction
transaction number=6058 amount=$500.00
amount=$300.00 transaction
Account amount=$450.00 Account
ownerOf ownerOf number=3224 number=9794
Company Person
worksFor name=Acme name=Bob
Person
name=Carol
ownerOf

terms: property, label


RDF
http://www.example.org/terms/name John Smith
http://www.example.org/staffid/85740 http://www.example.org/terms/age
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator
27
http://www.example.org/terms/creation-date
http://www.example.org/index.html August 16, 1999
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language

en

terms: triple, subject, predicate, object


property graph vs. RDF
PG RDF

standardization ISO W3C

Cypher, PGQL, G-
languages SPARQL, OWL
CORE, GSQL, GQL

serialization (CSV) XML, JSON

Neo4j, Oracle, Virtuoso, Apache,


vendors
TigerGraph, AWS AWS, many

logic closed-world open-world


GraphQL
graph database uses
social network
recommendations
knowledge representation
bioinformatics
logistics
public infrastructure
finance analytics
access control
SPARQL
W3C RDF query language
PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#>
SELECT ?capital
?country
WHERE
{
?x ex:cityname ?capital ;
ex:isCapitalOf ?y .
?y ex:countryname ?country ;
ex:isInContinent ex:Africa .
}
Cypher
graph query language by Neo4j
MATCH (nicole:Actor {name: 'Nicole Kidman'})-[:ACTED_IN]->(movie:Movie)
WHERE movie.year < $yearParameter
RETURN movie
PGQL
graph query language by Oracle
SELECT owner.name AS account_holder,
SUM(t.amount) AS total_transacted
FROM financial_transactions
MATCH (p:Person) -[:ownerOf]-> (:Account)
-[t:transaction]- (:Account) <-[:ownerOf]- (owner:Person|Company)
WHERE p.name = 'Alice'
GROUP BY owner
G-CORE
graph query research language by LDBC
CONSTRUCT (c)<-[:worksAt]-(n)
MATCH (c: Company) ON company_graph,
(n: Person) ON social_graph
WHERE c.name = n.employer
The GQL Manifesto
https://gql.today/

Cypher + PGQL + G-CORE = GQL?


GQL
proposed new standardization project of
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32 WG3 (ISO
39075?)
could be ready in 3–4 years
not compatible with SQL
SQL/PGQ
will be new SQL:202x part 16
read-only graph queries on top of tables
SQL/PGQ: create graph
CREATE PROPERTY GRAPH my_graph
VERTEX TABLES (person, message)
EDGE TABLES (
created SOURCE person DESTINATION message,
commented SOURCE person DESTINATION message
);
SQL/PGQ: query graph
SELECT gt.creation_date, gt.content
FROM my_graph GRAPH_TABLE (
MATCH
(creator IS person WHERE creator.email = '[email protected]')
-[ IS created ]->
(m IS message)
<-[ IS commented ]-
(commenter IS person)
WHERE creator.email <> commenter.email
COLUMNS (m.creation_date, m.content)
) AS gt;
conclusion
links and credits
RDF
https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
SPARQL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL
https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
Cypher
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypher_Query_Language
https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-manual/current/
https://www.opencypher.org/
PGQL
http://pgql-lang.org/
G-CORE
http://ldbcouncil.org/sites/default/files/main-cr.pdf
GQL
https://www.gqlstandards.org/
SQL/PGQ
https://www.w3.org/Data/events/data-ws-2019/assets/lightning/OskarVanRest.pdf
https://www.w3.org/Data/events/data-ws-2019/

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