CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 1
Answers
1 ato make chlorophyll [1]
bThe more magnesium a plant is given, the more new leaves it produces. [1]
c Table drawn with ruled columns and rows and all entries correct.
Each column with a full heading, including units. (Units not to be in cells.) [1]

mass of magnesium in g number of new leaves

0.5 3

1.0 5

1.5 6

2.0 4

2.5 1

267 million years ago, anasteroidcollided with the Earth.

This filled the air with dust. Less light could reach the ground, so plants could notphotosynthesize.
Theclimateof the Earth changed, as it became cooler.
Many animals could not survive, because they did not have enough food. There was amass
extinction.
One mark for anytwocorrect words [2]
3 aDecomposers obtain their carbon from dead animals and plants. [1]
Combustion of fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the air. [1]
bChloroplast is part of a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place. [1]
Chlorophyll is a green pigment / substance that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. [1]

Total: 10 marks

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 2
Answers
1 alithium [1]
bpotassium [1]
2 aAn ion describes an atom that has lost or gained at least one electron and is a particle.
that has an electric charge. [1]
bA potassium ion is more stable than a potassium atom because the outer shell or
energy level or its structure is full of electrons. [1]
3A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared by two atoms. [1]
Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds. [1]
Magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate are ionic compounds. [1]
4Answers should state that only ionic compounds conduct electricity. It should include a
description of the equipment to test for electrical conductivity: a cell or battery,
electrical wires, a lamp and carbon electrodes or clips on to solids. Also a brief outline
of how to carry out the test using the apparatus. Credit any useful diagrams. 3

10 marks

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 3
Answers
mass
1 a density= [1]
volume
b i air
iiGases have the lowest density / particles in gases are further apart than in solids or liquids.

c It will float [no mark for this statement alone] because it is less dense than water.
2Match quantities to descriptions 1
Match descriptions to units [1]
Temperature→ average energy of all particles in a substance→ °C.
Heat→ total energy of all particles in a substance→ J
31500 – 1300 [1]
= 200 (J) 1
4A is at a higher temperature than B. [1]
Because thermal energy flows from hotter objects to colder objects. [1]

Total: 10 marks

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 4
Answers
1 aBoth heights are 4.0 cm. [1]
bThe more water they are given, the taller the seedlings grow. [1]
c To make her results more reliable. [1]
droot hair, xylem, leaves
2 ato make hemoglobin [1]
to transport oxygen [1]
bTo prevent the fetus from being exposed to nicotine/carbon monoxide. [1]
This will reduce birthweight [1]

3
C D F B A E

CandDcorrect [1]
B, AandEcorrect [1]

[Total: 10 marks]

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 5
Answers
1 azinc + copper sulfate -> zinc sulfate + copper [1]
bZn + CuSO4ZnSO4+ Cu [1]
c magnesium + iron sulfate →magnesium sulfate + iron [1]
dMg + FeSO4→MgSO4+ Fe [1]
2zinc [1]
3 aH2SO4
bnitric acid [1]
c zinc chloride [1]
4Any correct risk [1]
Any correct way of overcoming that risk [1]
Examples of these are given below:
When handling acid, acid could come into contact with eyes or skin. Safety glasses should be worn to
Avoid splashes in the eye; care should be taken while pouring the acid into a beaker to avoid spills.
Water should be available to dilute any spills.
When heating the solution, it is liable to 'spit', which could burn the hands and/or face. Safety glasses.
should be worn, care should be taken not to stand too close to the evaporating basin when it is being
heated, the Bunsen burner should be turned off when not in use.
[Total: 10 marks]

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 6
Answers
1As the loudness of a sound increases, the amplitude of the sound wave increases.
As the pitch of a sound increases, the frequency of the sound wave increases. [1]
2The loudest sound isBand the highest-pitched sound isD. [1]
3 aWave peaks and troughs in the same positions onx-axis and crosses mid-point at the same
positions (any amplitude). [1]
b i nothing / quiet / silence [1]
iiAmplitude and frequency are the same. This appears to be a placeholder and does not contain any text to translate.
4C [1]
5 aclouds of dust and gas in space [1]
bAny two from: [1]
Stellar nurseries are where stars are formed.
Stars give out their own light.
If a (dark) nebula contained a stellar nursery / formed stars, then it would not appear dark.
6 aconvection currents (within the mantle / the layer below the crust) [1]
bThe movement of the plates causes the earthquakes.
Earthquakes tend to happen close to plate boundaries / locations of earthquakes are
not random. [1]

[Total: 10 marks]

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 7
Answers
1 aNicotine increases the percentage of abnormal sperm cells / the greater the quantity of
the more nicotine given, the greater the percentage of abnormal sperm cells. [1]
bto get to an egg / to fertilise an egg [1]
c Any three from the following: [3]
each sperm cell contains either an X or a Y chromosome
sperm cell fuses with an egg cell containing an X chromosome
A new cell / fertilized egg / zygote, contains either XX or XY chromosomes
XX gives female and XY gives male
2DNA: a chemical with molecules shaped like a twisted ladder [2]
chromosome: a thread-like structure contained in the nucleus of a cell
gene part of a chromosome that helps to determine a characteristic
inheritance the passing on of DNA from parents to offspring
Give 1 mark for any two correct
3 a
D C E A B

DandCcorrect [1]
AandBcorrect [1]
bnatural selection [1]

Total: 10 marks

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 8
Answers
1aB [1]
bA [1]
c C
2She should measure the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced.
She should do this every minute. [1]
3aWhen you crush solid marble chips into a powder, youincreasethe surface area. [1]
bIncreasing the surface area of a reactantincreasesthe rate of reaction. [1]
c The higher the temperature, thefasterthe rate of reaction will be. 1
4If you increase the concentration of one or more of the reactants, there will be more particles.
available to react. More particles mean that there are more likely to be collisions between
the reactants that happen with enough energy for a reaction to take place. Thus, the rate of
reaction increases. (Allow one mark for mentioning that there are more particles and the
other for the increase in collisions.)

10 marks

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: END-OF-UNIT TEST ANSWERS

Unit 9
Answers
1A2= 2.5 (A) [1]
A3= 2.5 (A) [1]
2 aTo measure the current in the lamp,an ammeteris connectedin serieswith the lamp. [1]
bTo measure the voltage across the lamp,a voltmeteris connectedin parallelwith the lamp. [1]
3 a1.5 (V) [1]
4voltage = current x resistanceor V= IR or2 times 10 [1]
20 (V) [1]
5circuit drawn with 1 cell, 1 lamp and 1 buzzer in parallel with a switch on each branch [1]
variable resistor in series with the lamp [1]
no gaps at corners and no wires drawn through or into components 1

10 marks

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 - Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 9