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Microprocessor 8085 Exam Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on the Microprocessor 8085, covering its introduction, applications, architecture, features, and instruction set. It details the microprocessor's components, types of buses, and various instructions, including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical operations. Additionally, it discusses programming concepts such as addressing modes, stack operations, and timing diagrams.

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10 views3 pages

Microprocessor 8085 Exam Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on the Microprocessor 8085, covering its introduction, applications, architecture, features, and instruction set. It details the microprocessor's components, types of buses, and various instructions, including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical operations. Additionally, it discusses programming concepts such as addressing modes, stack operations, and timing diagrams.

Uploaded by

hs9578008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Microprocessor 8085 - Exam Notes

Unit-I: Introduction to Microprocessor (8085)

Introduction
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) that incorporates the functions of a CPU. It performs arithmetic and logic operations and
controls tasks based on instructions.

Applications
Used in embedded systems, mobile phones, computers, washing machines, traffic lights, etc.

Basic Block Diagram


Consists of ALU, Control Unit, Register Array, System Bus. It connects with memory and I/O through buses.

Speed
Measured in MHz (millions of instructions per second).

Word Size
Indicates the number of bits processed at once. 8085 has 8-bit word size.

Memory Capacity
Depends on address bus size. 8085 can address 2^16 = 64KB memory.

Classification of Microprocessors
1. 4-bit: Intel 4004
2. 8-bit: Intel 8085, Zilog Z80
3. 16-bit: Intel 8086
4. 32-bit: Intel 80386
5. 64-bit: Intel Core i7

8085 Features
8-bit processor, 16-bit address bus, 74 instructions, 246 opcodes, 5 flags, operates at 3 MHz.

Architecture (Block Diagram)


Includes ALU, timing and control unit, general purpose registers, program counter, stack pointer, and buses.

General Purpose Registers


B, C, D, E, H, L - 8-bit each. Used for temporary data storage.

Register Pairs
BC, DE, HL - used for 16-bit operations.

Flags
Sign, Zero, Auxiliary Carry, Parity, Carry - reflect result of operations.

Stack Pointer & Program Counter


SP - holds address of top of stack. PC - holds address of next instruction.
Microprocessor 8085 - Exam Notes

Types of Buses
Data Bus (8-bit), Address Bus (16-bit), Control Bus (read/write control).

Multiplexed Address/Data Bus


Lower 8-bits of address and data share same lines (AD0-AD7).

Control Signals
ALE (Address Latch Enable), RD, WR, IO/M used to control data flow.

Pin Description of 8085


Total 40 pins - includes Vcc, GND, CLK, RESET, interrupt signals, address/data lines.

Basic Interfacing Concepts


Connecting microprocessor to external devices (memory, I/O) using buses.

Memory Mapped I/O


I/O devices assigned memory addresses; uses all data instructions.

I/O Mapped I/O


Separate I/O instructions (IN, OUT) used; limited to 256 devices.

Unit-II: 8085 Instructions and Programming

Operation Code, Operand & Mnemonics


Opcode: the instruction. Operand: data to be operated on. Mnemonic: symbolic representation (e.g., MOV A, B).

Instruction Set
Collection of all instructions the 8085 can execute - 74 instructions total.

Instruction Classification
1. Data transfer 2. Arithmetic 3. Logical 4. Branch 5. Control

Addressing Modes
1. Immediate
2. Register
3. Direct
4. Indirect
5. Implicit

Instruction Format
1 to 3 bytes long: opcode + operand(s)

Data Transfer Instructions


MOV, MVI, LDA, STA, LXI, etc.

Arithmetic Instructions
Microprocessor 8085 - Exam Notes

ADD, SUB, INR, DCR, DAD

Logical Instructions
ANA, ORA, XRA, CMP, CMA

Branch Instructions
JMP, JZ, JNZ, CALL, RET

Machine Control Instructions


NOP, HLT, DI, EI

Assembly Language Examples


Example: LDA 2500H
MVI A, 09H
ADD B
STA 3000H

Stack Operations
Stack is a LIFO structure. Uses PUSH and POP instructions.

Subroutine, CALL & RET


CALL transfers control to subroutine, RET returns back.

Delay Loops & Counters


Used to create time delays in programs using loops and decrement counters.

Timing Diagram
Shows timing of control signals during execution.

Instruction Cycle
Time taken to fetch, decode and execute an instruction.

Machine Cycle
Part of instruction cycle, e.g., memory read, memory write.

T-States
Each machine cycle is divided into smaller units called T-states.

Time Delay
Generated using looped instructions and counters like DCR, JNZ.

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