Java ThreadPool Types
Java ThreadPool Types
chatgpt.com/c/681c5c5a-7408-8006-906f-06302a1836e3
1. FixedThreadPool
1/16
java
ExecutorServiceexecutor= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
✅ Use Case: When you know the exact number of threads required and want to limit
concurrency (e.g., database access, I/O-bound tasks).
2. CachedThreadPool
Creates new threads as needed, but will reuse previously constructed threads when
available.
java
ExecutorServiceexecutor= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
✅ Use Case: Best when you have many short-lived tasks and don’t want to limit the
number of threads (e.g., handling many lightweight client requests).
2/16
3. SingleThreadExecutor
java
ExecutorServiceexecutor= Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
✅ Use Case: When tasks must be executed in a specific order (e.g., logging, file
writing).
4. ScheduledThreadPool
java
ScheduledExecutorServicescheduler= Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
scheduler.schedule(() -> {
System.out.println("Task executed after 2 seconds delay");
}, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
System.out.println("Repeating Task every 1 second");
}, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
3/16
✅ Use Case: For periodic task execution like cron jobs, cache refresh, or scheduled
reports.
java
ExecutorServicecustomPool=newThreadPoolExecutor(
2, // core pool size4, // max pool size10, // keep-alive time
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
newLinkedBlockingQueue<>(10)
);
Summary Table
Would you like me to provide a diagram or visual summary to help reinforce this?
4/16
In Operating Systems, overhead refers to the extra work or resource usage that the
OS performs to manage system operations, which does not directly contribute to the
actual task or output.
🔹 In Simple Terms:
Overhead is like the cost of managing things.
It’s the processing time, memory, or other resources used just to keep the system
running properly, not to run the actual user task itself.
It saves the current state and loads another—this takes time and CPU cycles.
4. Scheduling Overhead
Pipes, shared memory, message queues, etc., all involve setup and
synchronization which is not part of actual computation.
5/16
6. System Calls Overhead
🔹 Why is it important?
Too much overhead = Less efficient system.
The goal of an OS is to minimize overhead so that maximum resources go toward actual
user work, not just management.
Would you like a diagram or visual analogy for how overhead works in an OS?
can you help me to complete the assignment help me complete this: public
class Adder implements Ruunable { private Count count; public
Adder(Count count){ this.count = count; } @Override public void run() {
for(int i = 1 ; i <= 10000 ; ++i){ count.addvalue(i); } } } public class Subtractor
implements Runnable{ private Count count; public Subtractor(Count count){
this.count = count; } @Override public void run(){ } } public class Count { int
value = 0; public void addValue(int i){ this.value += i; } }
Sure, Ankit! Let's complete your assignment step by step. You're working with
multithreading in Java, where two threads — an Adder and a Subtractor — operate on a
shared Count object.
java
publicclassAdderimplementsRuunable {
6/16
Should be:
java
publicclassAdderimplementsRunnable {
Just like Adder adds values from 1 to 10000, let’s make Subtractor subtract values from
1 to 10000.
✔ Subtractor Implementation:
java
publicclassSubtractorimplementsRunnable {
private Count count;
publicSubtractor(Count count) {
this.count = count;
}
@Overridepublicvoidrun() {
for (inti=1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
count.addValue(-i); // subtracting by adding negative
}
}
}
7/16
java
publicclassCount {
intvalue=0;
publicsynchronizedvoidaddValue(int i) {
this.value += i;
}
publicintgetValue() {
return value;
}
}
publicclassMain {
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args)throws InterruptedException {
Countcount=newCount();
ThreadadderThread=newThread(newAdder(count));
ThreadsubtractorThread=newThread(newSubtractor(count));
adderThread.start();
subtractorThread.start();
adderThread.join();
subtractorThread.join();
🔍 Expected Output
Since Adder adds numbers from 1 to 10000 and Subtractor subtracts the same range:
8/16
Would you like me to package this into a single .java file or explain how race conditions
can break this if synchronized is removed?
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Count c = new
Count(); // count is an object of Count class Thread t1 = new Thread (new
Adder(c)).start(); // adder is an object of Adder class Thread t2 = new
Thread (new Subtractor(c)).start(); // subtractor is an object of Subtractor
class t1.start(); t2.start(); t1.join(); t2.join(); System.out.println(c.value); } }
You're very close, Ankit! But there are two main issues in your Main class:
You're doing:
java
Threadt1=newThread(newAdder(c)).start(); // ❌ Wrong
But start() returns void, not a Thread object. So you can't assign it like this.
9/16
java
publicclassMain {
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args)throws InterruptedException {
Countc=newCount(); // count is an object of Count
classThreadt1=newThread(newAdder(c)); // create thread for
AdderThreadt2=newThread(newSubtractor(c)); // create thread for Subtractor
It's better to use a getter method, like getValue(), which we already added in the
previous message:
java
publicintgetValue() {
return value;
}
Would you like the complete working version of all classes in one file?
10/16
Great question, Ankit!
When two or more threads try to modify the same data at the same time, the final
result can be unpredictable.
🔍 Example: Two threads incrementing a shared counter might both read the same
value before either writes back, causing a missed increment.
2. Ensure Atomicity
Synchronization ensures that a critical section (code that accesses shared
resources) runs completely or not at all, without interference from other threads.
Without synchronization, one thread may see partially updated or old values,
breaking logic and causing bugs.
4. Thread Coordination
Helps threads wait, notify, or coordinate (e.g., using wait(), notify(), join()) to
ensure one thread finishes before another starts.
🔁 Real-World Analogy:
Imagine two people editing the same Google Doc without real-time sync:
11/16
Who wins? The document becomes inconsistent.
ReentrantLock, ReadWriteLock
Would you like an example showing a race condition with and without synchronization in
Java?
Since only one thread should access this part at a time to avoid data inconsistency or
corruption, it's a key concept in multithreading and synchronization.
🧠 In Simple Words:
A critical section is the sensitive part of the code where "only one thread at a
time" should be allowed to go in, to prevent race conditions.
🔸 Example in Java:
12/16
java
publicclassCount {
privateintvalue=0;
publicintgetValue() {
return value;
}
}
⚠️ Why Is It Important?
Without synchronization: multiple threads can access the critical section at once,
causing race conditions and incorrect results.
With synchronization: only one thread enters the critical section, ensuring data
safety and correct behavior.
🏠 Analogy:
Imagine a bathroom with one key:
If two people enter together (unsynchronized), things go wrong — just like threads
corrupting shared data.
Would you like a Java demo showing the effect of not protecting a critical section?
13/16
Absolutely, Ankit!
java
while (!condition) {
// keep checking again and again
}
🧠 It's like constantly knocking on a door to see if it's open, wasting time and CPU.
❌ Why Busy Waiting is Bad:
Wastes CPU cycles
Inefficient: Thread consumes power and processing time while doing nothing
useful
Can slow down the whole system, especially with many threads
In Java, we use:
wait() → makes a thread pause and release lock until another thread calls
notify()
14/16
java
classSharedResource {
privatebooleanavailable=false;
publicsynchronizedvoidproduce()throws InterruptedException {
while (available) {
wait(); // wait if already available
}
System.out.println("Produced item");
available = true;
notify(); // notify the consumer
}
publicsynchronizedvoidconsume()throws InterruptedException {
while (!available) {
wait(); // wait if item not available
}
System.out.println("Consumed item");
available = false;
notify(); // notify the producer
}
}
Here:
🔄 Summary
No Busy Waiting = Wait + Notify = Sleep Until Needed
15/16
It’s a fundamental concept in building efficient multithreaded programs.
Would you like me to help you write a full working Java program that demonstrates this
concept?
16/16