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Gas Turbine Power Plant

A Gas Turbine Power Plant (GTPP) generates electricity using a gas turbine as the prime mover, consisting of components such as an air intake system, compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, generator, and exhaust system. The plant operates on the Brayton Cycle, which involves compression, heat addition, expansion, and exhaust processes. Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) enhance efficiency by utilizing waste heat from the gas turbine to produce steam for additional power generation, achieving efficiencies of up to 60%.

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4 views5 pages

Gas Turbine Power Plant

A Gas Turbine Power Plant (GTPP) generates electricity using a gas turbine as the prime mover, consisting of components such as an air intake system, compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, generator, and exhaust system. The plant operates on the Brayton Cycle, which involves compression, heat addition, expansion, and exhaust processes. Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) enhance efficiency by utilizing waste heat from the gas turbine to produce steam for additional power generation, achieving efficiencies of up to 60%.

Uploaded by

ahjtikna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🔥 Gas Turbine Power Plant

chatgpt.com/c/67a596ff-1b88-8006-b4f5-0b47efc3e101

Here’s a detailed explanation of each topic related to Gas Turbine Power Plant:

A Gas Turbine Power Plant (GTPP) is a type of power plant that uses a gas turbine as
the prime mover to generate electricity. It is widely used for power generation, aircraft
propulsion, and mechanical drive applications.

📌 1. Layout of Gas Turbine Power Plant


The basic layout of a gas turbine power plant consists of the following major
components:

🛠 Components in the Layout:


1. Air Intake System – Takes fresh air from the atmosphere and passes it through
filters to remove dust and other particles.
2. Compressor – Compresses the incoming air to high pressure, increasing its
temperature.
3. Combustion Chamber – Burns fuel (like natural gas or diesel) in high-pressure
compressed air to produce hot gases.
4. Gas Turbine – Expands the high-energy hot gases, converting thermal energy into
mechanical energy (rotational motion).
5. Generator – Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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6. Exhaust System – Releases the waste gases into the atmosphere or directs them
to a heat recovery system for combined cycle use.
7. Cooling System – Helps maintain optimal operating temperatures for different
components.
8. Control System – Monitors and regulates plant operations.

🖼️ Diagram Representation:
A Gas Turbine Power Plant layout consists of a compressor, combustion chamber,
turbine, and generator in a linear flow path.

📌 2. Working of Gas Turbine Power Plant


A gas turbine power plant works on the Brayton Cycle (also called Joule Cycle), which
consists of the following four processes:

⚙️ Step-by-Step Working:
1. Compression (Isentropic Process)

Atmospheric air is drawn into the compressor.


The compressor increases the air pressure and temperature.
2. Heat Addition (Constant Pressure Process)

Compressed air is mixed with fuel (natural gas or diesel).


This mixture is burned in the combustion chamber, producing high-
temperature gases.
3. Expansion (Isentropic Process)

The high-energy gases expand in the turbine, causing it to rotate.


This rotational energy is used to drive the generator and produce electricity.
4. Exhaust & Heat Recovery (Constant Pressure Process)

Hot gases exit the turbine.


In a simple gas turbine power plant, they are released into the atmosphere.
In a combined cycle plant, they are used to generate steam for an additional
steam turbine.

🔁 The Cycle Repeats:


The gas turbine continuously repeats these steps to generate electricity efficiently.

📌 3. Components of Gas Turbine Power Plant


A gas turbine power plant consists of several key components that work together to
generate power efficiently.

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🛠 Main Components:
1. Air Compressor:

Function: Compresses the air to high pressure.


Types: Axial-flow or centrifugal compressor.
Increases efficiency by providing high-pressure air for combustion.
2. Combustion Chamber:

Function: Mixes compressed air with fuel and ignites it.


Produces high-energy, high-temperature gases.
Designed to operate at high temperatures and pressures.
3. Gas Turbine:

Function: Expands the high-energy gases to produce mechanical power.


Converts thermal energy into rotational energy.
Drives the generator to produce electricity.
4. Generator:

Function: Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.


Driven by the gas turbine shaft.
5. Exhaust System:

Function: Expels waste gases from the turbine.


In some designs, the exhaust heat is used for a secondary steam turbine.
6. Fuel System:

Supplies fuel to the combustion chamber.


Common fuels: Natural gas, diesel, or kerosene.
7. Cooling System:

Function: Keeps components at safe operating temperatures.


Uses air or water for cooling.
8. Control System:

Function: Monitors and adjusts power plant operation.


Ensures safety and efficiency.

📌 4. Combined Gas and Steam Turbine Plant (Combined Cycle


Power Plant - CCPP)
A Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) is an advanced type of power plant that
integrates both gas and steam turbines to increase overall efficiency.

🌍 Why Combine Gas & Steam Turbines?


A simple gas turbine power plant wastes a lot of heat through exhaust gases.

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In a combined cycle, this waste heat is used to generate steam, which powers a
steam turbine.
This increases efficiency from 35-40% (simple cycle) to 50-60% (combined
cycle).

⚙️ Working of Combined Cycle Power Plant:


1. First Stage: Gas Turbine Cycle (Brayton Cycle)

A gas turbine power plant generates power as explained earlier.


Exhaust gases are released, but instead of wasting them, they are sent to a
Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG).
2. Second Stage: Steam Turbine Cycle (Rankine Cycle)

The HRSG captures heat from exhaust gases to produce steam.


This steam drives a steam turbine, producing additional power.
The steam turbine is connected to a second generator for extra electricity
generation.
3. Exhaust & Cooling

After expansion in the steam turbine, steam is condensed back into water and
recycled.

🚀 Advantages of Combined Cycle Power Plant:


✅ Higher Efficiency: Can reach up to 60% efficiency compared to 35-40% in a single
✅ Lower Fuel Consumption: Uses less fuel per unit of electricity generated.
gas turbine plant.

✅ Reduced Emissions: Better energy use leads to lower CO₂ and NOₓ emissions.
✅ Increased Power Output: Extracts more energy from the same amount of fuel.
🌟 Applications of Combined Cycle Plants:
Large-scale electric power generation.
Industrial and manufacturing sectors requiring both power & steam.
Cogeneration applications where both electricity and process heat are needed.

🔚 Conclusion
A Gas Turbine Power Plant is a highly efficient power generation system based on
the Brayton Cycle.
It consists of a compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and generator.
In a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP), the waste heat from the gas turbine is
used to generate steam, which powers a steam turbine for extra electricity
production.

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Combined cycle plants are more efficient and environmentally friendly compared
to simple gas turbine power plants.

Would you like a presentation (PPT) or a diagram to go with this explanation? 🚀

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