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19 Network Function Virtualization

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) shifts traditional network services to software-based virtual functions, enabling flexible deployment and cost-effective operations. Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) run on virtual machines or containers, while Service Function Chaining (SFC) connects multiple VNFs for complex services. NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO) oversees VNF lifecycle management and resource allocation, ensuring performance optimization and security across virtualized networks.

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2 views1 page

19 Network Function Virtualization

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) shifts traditional network services to software-based virtual functions, enabling flexible deployment and cost-effective operations. Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) run on virtual machines or containers, while Service Function Chaining (SFC) connects multiple VNFs for complex services. NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO) oversees VNF lifecycle management and resource allocation, ensuring performance optimization and security across virtualized networks.

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Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Service Chaining

Network Function Virtualization transforms traditional network services from


dedicated hardware appliances to software-based virtual functions running on
standard computing platforms. This paradigm enables flexible service deployment,
dynamic scaling, and cost-effective network operations through virtualization
technologies.

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) implement network services including firewalls,


load balancers, intrusion detection systems, and WAN optimization in software. VNFs
run on virtual machines or containers, providing isolation and resource management.
Standardized interfaces enable VNF portability across different virtualization
platforms and cloud environments.

NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) provides the underlying compute, storage, and networking
resources for VNF deployment. Hypervisors manage virtual machine lifecycle and
resource allocation. Container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes provide
lightweight virtualization with rapid deployment and scaling capabilities. Hardware
acceleration technologies including SR-IOV and DPDK optimize network performance
for demanding applications.

Service Function Chaining (SFC) connects multiple VNFs to implement complex network
services. Traffic steering directs packets through ordered sequences of VNFs based
on service requirements. Service chains can be dynamically modified to adapt to
changing security policies or performance requirements. Network Service Headers
(NSH) provide metadata for service chain traversal and policy enforcement.

NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO) coordinates VNF lifecycle management across
distributed infrastructure. VNF Managers handle individual VNF instantiation,
configuration, and monitoring. NFV Orchestrators manage service chains and resource
allocation across multiple VNFs. Virtualized Infrastructure Managers control
underlying compute, storage, and networking resources.

Performance optimization addresses virtualization overhead and resource contention.


CPU pinning dedicates specific processor cores to VNFs, reducing context switching
overhead. NUMA awareness optimizes memory access patterns for multi-socket systems.
Network acceleration techniques including kernel bypass and hardware offloading
improve packet processing performance.

Service assurance ensures VNF performance meets service level agreements.


Performance monitoring tracks key metrics including throughput, latency, and
resource utilization. Fault management detects and responds to VNF failures through
automated recovery procedures. Scaling policies automatically adjust VNF resources
based on demand patterns.

Security considerations encompass VNF isolation, secure communication, and trust


boundaries. Hypervisor security protects against VM escape attacks and resource
interference. Encrypted communication secures data transmission between VNFs.
Security policy enforcement ensures consistent protection across virtualized
service chains.

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