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02 Neural Network Architectures

Neural networks are computational models inspired by biological systems, enabling automatic feature extraction and complex pattern recognition. Key architectures include Feedforward Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformers, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), each designed for specific data types and tasks. These architectures have significantly advanced the field of artificial intelligence by improving the processing of diverse data structures and enhancing training efficiency.

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02 Neural Network Architectures

Neural networks are computational models inspired by biological systems, enabling automatic feature extraction and complex pattern recognition. Key architectures include Feedforward Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformers, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), each designed for specific data types and tasks. These architectures have significantly advanced the field of artificial intelligence by improving the processing of diverse data structures and enhancing training efficiency.

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lchpdqbfynlnrnrska
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Neural Network Architectures and Deep Learning Fundamentals

Neural networks represent computational models inspired by biological neural


systems, consisting of interconnected nodes that process and transmit information.
Deep learning architectures have revolutionized artificial intelligence by enabling
automatic feature extraction and complex pattern recognition across diverse
domains.

Feedforward Neural Networks form the foundation of deep learning, with information
flowing unidirectionally from input to output layers. Each neuron applies weighted
linear combinations followed by non-linear activation functions. Common activation
functions include ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit), which addresses vanishing gradient
problems, sigmoid for binary classification, and tanh for normalized outputs.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel in processing grid-like data structures,


particularly images. Convolutional layers apply learnable filters across input
dimensions, detecting local features through parameter sharing. Pooling layers
reduce spatial dimensions while preserving important features. Modern CNN
architectures like ResNet introduce skip connections, enabling training of very
deep networks by mitigating gradient vanishing.

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) process sequential data by maintaining hidden


states across time steps. Traditional RNNs suffer from vanishing gradients in long
sequences. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks address this limitation through
gating mechanisms that control information flow. Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs)
provide simplified alternatives with fewer parameters while maintaining comparable
performance.

Transformer architectures revolutionize sequence modeling through self-attention


mechanisms, eliminating recurrence entirely. Multi-head attention enables parallel
processing and captures different types of relationships simultaneously. Position
encoding provides sequence order information, while layer normalization and
residual connections stabilize training in deep networks.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) consist of generator and discriminator


networks trained in adversarial fashion. The generator creates synthetic data,
while the discriminator distinguishes real from generated samples. This competitive
training produces highly realistic synthetic data across various domains including
images, text, and audio.

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