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Learn Python 3_ Classes Cheatsheet _ Codecademy

The document is a cheatsheet for learning Python 3 classes, covering key concepts such as the __repr__() method, class methods, instantiation, class variables, the __init__() method, and the type() function. It provides examples of how to define and use classes, instantiate objects, and access class variables. Additionally, it explains the purpose of the dir() function and the __main__ identifier in Python scripts.

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3 views4 pages

Learn Python 3_ Classes Cheatsheet _ Codecademy

The document is a cheatsheet for learning Python 3 classes, covering key concepts such as the __repr__() method, class methods, instantiation, class variables, the __init__() method, and the type() function. It provides examples of how to define and use classes, instantiate objects, and access class variables. Additionally, it explains the purpose of the dir() function and the __main__ identifier in Python scripts.

Uploaded by

sohaibade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10/22/24, 9:34 AM Learn Python 3: Classes Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Classes

Python repr method

The Python __repr__() method is used to tell Python class Employee:


what the string representation of the class should be. It
def __init__(self, name):
can only have one parameter, self , and it should
return a string. self.name = name

def __repr__(self):
return self.name

john = Employee('John')
print(john) # John

Python class methods

In Python, methods are functions that are defined as # Dog class


part of a class. It is common practice that the first
class Dog:
argument of any method that is part of a class is the
actual object calling the method. This argument is # Method of the class
usually called self. def bark(self):
print("Ham-Ham")

# Create a new instance


charlie = Dog()

# Call the method


charlie.bark()
# This will output "Ham-Ham"

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10/22/24, 9:34 AM Learn Python 3: Classes Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Instantiate Python Class

In Python, a class needs to be instantiated before use. class Car:


As an analogy, a class can be thought of as a blueprint
"This is an empty class"
(Car), and an instance is an actual implementation of
the blueprint (Ferrari). pass

# Class Instantiation
ferrari = Car()

Python Class Variables

In Python, class variables are defined outside of all class my_class:


methods and have the same value for every instance of
class_variable = "I am a Class
the class.
Class variables are accessed with the Variable!"
instance.variable or class_name.variable syntaxes.
x = my_class()
y = my_class()

print(x.class_variable) #I am a Class
Variable!
print(y.class_variable) #I am a Class
Variable!

Python init method

In Python, the .__init__() method is used to initialize class Animal:


a newly created object. It is called every time the class
def __init__(self, voice):
is instantiated.
self.voice = voice

# When a class instance is created, the


instance variable
# 'voice' is created and set to the input
value.
cat = Animal('Meow')
print(cat.voice) # Output: Meow

dog = Animal('Woof')
print(dog.voice) # Output: Woof

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Python type() function

The Python type() function returns the data type of a = 1


the argument passed to it.
print(type(a)) # <class 'int'>

a = 1.1
print(type(a)) # <class 'float'>

a = 'b'
print(type(a)) # <class 'str'>

a = None
print(type(a)) # <class 'NoneType'>

Python class

In Python, a class is a template for a data type. A class # Defining a class


can be defined using the class keyword.
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name,
number_of_legs):
self.name = name
self.number_of_legs = number_of_legs

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10/22/24, 9:34 AM Learn Python 3: Classes Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Python dir() function

In Python, the built-in dir() function, without any class Employee:


argument, returns a list of all the attributes in the
def __init__(self, name):
current scope.
With an object as argument, dir() tries to return all self.name = name
valid object attributes.

def print_name(self):
print("Hi, I'm " + self.name)

print(dir())
# ['Employee', '__builtins__', '__doc__',
'__file__', '__name__', '__package__',
'new_employee']

print(dir(Employee))
# ['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__',
'print_name']

__main__ in Python

In Python, __main__ is an identifier used to


reference the current file context. When a module is
read from standard input, a script, or from an
interactive prompt, its __name__ is set equal to
__main__ .
Suppose we create an instance of a class called
CoolClass . Printing the type() of the instance will
result in:
<class '__main__.CoolClass'>

This means that the class CoolClass was defined in


the current script file.

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