10/7/24, 1:42 PM C++ for Programmers: Control Flow in C++ Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / C++ for Programmers

Control Flow in C++

Switch Statements

A switch statement provides a means of checking an switch (grade) {

expression against various case s. If there is a match, the
case 9:
code within starts to execute.
The break keyword can be used to terminate a case . If std::cout << "Freshman\n";
the break keyword is missing from a case , it will cause break;
code execution to overflow to subsequent case s. case 10:
The code within the default block is executed when no
std::cout << "Sophomore\n";
other case matches.
break;
case 11:
std::cout << "Junior\n";
break;
case 12:
std::cout << "Senior\n";
break;
default:
std::cout << "Invalid\n";
break;
}

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Loops

In C++, loops repeatedly execute code as long as the // while loop

provided condition is true .
int count = 0;
There are four main types of loops in C++:
1. while loops: repeats a block of code as long as while (count <= 10) {
the given boolean condition is true. std::cout << count;
2. do-while loops: similar to while loops, but run at count++;
least once.
3. for loops: repeats a block of code a specific
}
number of times.
4. for-each loops: used to iterate through every // do-while loop
item in an array or list-like structure.
int price = 300;
do {
std::cout << "Too expensive!";
} while (price > 500);

// for loop
for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
std::cout << i;
}

// for-each loop
int fibonacci[5] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 3 };
for (auto number:fibonacci){
std::cout << number;
}

if Statement

An if statement is used to test an expression for truth. if (a == 10) {

If the condition evaluates to true , then the code
// Code goes here
within the block is executed; otherwise, it will be
skipped. }

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else Clause

An else clause can be added to an if statement. if (year == 1991) {

If the condition evaluates to true , code in the
// This runs if it is true
if part is executed.
If the condition evaluates to false , code in the }
else part is executed. else {
// This runs if it is false
}

Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values and if (a > 10) {
return true or false depending on the comparison:
// ☝️ means greater than
== equal to
!= not equal to }
> greater than
< less than
>= greater than or equal to
<= less than or equal to

else if Statement

One or more else if statements can be added in if (apple > 8) {

between the if and else to provide additional
// Some code here
condition(s) to check.
}
else if (apple > 6) {
// Some code here
}
else {
// Some code here
}

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Conditional Statements

Conditional statements are used to control the flow of int temperature = 60;
code execution by testing for a condition for truth.
if statements execute code only if the provided
condition is true . if (temperature < 65) {
else statements execute code only if the std::cout << "Too cold!";
provided condition in the if statement is false .
}
one or more else if statements can be added in
else if (temperature > 75) {
between the if and else to provide additional
condition(s) to check. std::cout << "Too hot!";
Some useful tricks with conditional statements: }
It is possible to condense an if - else expression
else // brackets may be omitted here
into a single statement using the following syntax:
std::cout << "Just right...";
variable = (condition) ? condition_

Curly brackets { } may be omitted if there is

only a single statement inside a conditional
statement.

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Break and Continue

In C++, the break keyword is used to exit a switch or // Prints: 0123

loop.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
The continue keyword is used to skip an iteration of a
loop. if (i == 4) {
break;
}
std::cout << i;
}

// Prints: 012356789
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 4) {
continue;
}
std::cout << i;
}

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