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Unit 3 - Jet Engine Compressors

The document discusses axial flow compressors, which operate by imparting kinetic energy to air through rotating blades and diffusing it via stationary blades, achieving high pressure ratios and efficiency. It highlights the differences between axial compressors and turbines, particularly in flow characteristics and blade design. Additionally, it explains the working mechanism, including the role of inlet guide vanes and the relationship between work done, pressure rise, and stage efficiency.

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0 views32 pages

Unit 3 - Jet Engine Compressors

The document discusses axial flow compressors, which operate by imparting kinetic energy to air through rotating blades and diffusing it via stationary blades, achieving high pressure ratios and efficiency. It highlights the differences between axial compressors and turbines, particularly in flow characteristics and blade design. Additionally, it explains the working mechanism, including the role of inlet guide vanes and the relationship between work done, pressure rise, and stage efficiency.

Uploaded by

gasoline10000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT IV : JET ENGINE COMPRESSORS

AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR


The basic principle of axial compressor operation is that kinetic energy is
imparted to the air in the rotating blade row, and then diffused through
passages of both rotating and stationary blades. The process is carried out
over multiple numbers of stages.
 The maximum pressure ratio achieved in centrifugal compressors is
about 4:1 for simple machines (unless multi-staging is used) at an
efficiency of about 70–80%.
 The axial flow compressor, however, can achieve higher pressures at a
higher level of efficiency of about 86–90%.
 There are two important characteristics of the axial flow compressor -
high-pressure ratios at good efficiency and thrust per unit frontal
area.
 Although in overall appearance, axial turbines are very similar,
examination of the blade cross-section will indicate a big difference. In
the turbine, inlet passage area is greater than the outlet. The opposite
occurs in the compressor.
 Thus the process in turbine blades can be described as an accelerating
flow, the increase in velocity being achieved by the nozzle. However, in
the axial flow compressor, the flow is decelerating or diffusing and the
pressure rise occurs when the fluid passes through the blades.
Working of Axial flow Compressor :
 Axial flow compressors consist of a number of stages, each stage being
formed by a stationary row and a rotating row of blades.
 The rotating blades impart kinetic energy to the air while increasing
air pressure and the stationary row of blades redirect the air in the
proper direction and convert a part of the kinetic energy into
pressure.
 The flow of air through the compressor is in the direction of the axis
of the compressor and, therefore, it is called an axial flow compressor.
 The height of the blades is seen to decrease as the fluid moves through
the compressor. As the pressure increases in the direction of flow, the
volume of air decreases. To keep the air velocity the same for each
stage, the blade height is decreased along the axis of the compressor.
 An extra row of fixed blades, called the inlet guide vanes, is fitted to the
compressor inlet. These are provided to guide the air at the correct
angle onto the first row of moving blades.

 The flow is assumed to take place at a mean blade height, where the blade
peripheral velocities at the inlet and outlet are the same. No flow is
assumed in the radial direction.
Velocity Triangle

c – absolute velocity
v – relative velocity
ca – axial velocity
cw – tangential velocity
α – fluid angle
β – blade angle
U – blade speed

ca1 = ca2 = ca3


c1 = c3
c2 > c1 – Since work is done on the air in rotor blades
Work Done, Pressure Rise and Stage Efficiency
Rs = p03 / p01
ΔT0s is the rise in stagnation temperature of air.
ΔTs is the rise in static temperature of air.

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