1 Number System

Natural numbers: Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,......are known as natural numbers. The set
of all natural numbers can be represented by
N= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ,.....}
Whole numbers: If we include 0 among the natural numbers, then the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5.....are called whole numbers. The set of whole numbers can be represented by W= {0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 ,...}
Clearly, every natural number is a whole number but 0 is a whole number which is not a natural
number.
Integers: All counting numbers and their negatives including zero are known as integers.
The set of integers can be represented by
Z or I = { ....,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,......}
Positive integers: The set I+ + = {1, 2, 3, 4 ,.....} is the set of all positive integers. Clearly, positive
integers and natural numbers are synonyms.
Negative integers: The set I- = {.....,-3,-2,-1} is the set of all negative integers. O is neither
positive nor negative.
Non-negative integers: The set {0, 1, 2, 3,......) is the set of all non-negative integers.
p
Rational numbers: The numbers of the form q where p and q are integers, and q  0 are known
4 3 5 0 2
as rational numbers, e.g. 7, 2, 8, 1, - 3 etc. The set of all rational numbers is denoted by Q. Since
 a
every natural number 'a' can be written as 1 so 'a' is rational number. Since 0 can be written as
0 𝑎
and every non-zero integer 'a' can be written as 1 so it is also a rational number.
1

Every rational number has a peculiar characteristic that when expressed in decimal form is
expressible either in terminating decimals or non-terminating repeating decimals.
1 1 22 8
For example, 5 = 0.2, 3 = 0.333 …., = 3.1428714287, 44 = 0.18188 …, etc.
7

0.333… 0.3̅
4.1555… = 4.15̅
̅̅̅̅
0.323232… = 0.32
Irrational numbers: Those numbers which when expressed in decimal form are neither

terminating nor repeating decimals are known as irrational numbers, e.g. √2, √3, √5  etc.
22 22 22
Note: The exact value of  is not , is rational while  is irrational number. is approximate
7 7 7

value of . Similarly, 3.14 is not an exact value of it.

2
e.g. 3 + √2, 4 − √3, 3 − √5, 4√3, −7√5 are all irrational.

Even numbers : All those numbers which are exactly divisible by 2 are called even numbers.
E.g. 2,6,8,10, etc., are even numbers.
Odd numbers : All those numbers which are not exactly divisible by 2 are called odd numbers.
E.g. 1,3,5,7, etc, are odd numbers.
Prime numbers : Except 1 each natural number which is divisible by only 1 and itself is called
as prime number. E.g., 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,….. etc.
➢ There are total 25 prime numbers upto 100.
➢ There are total 46 prime numbers upto 200.
➢ 2 is the only even prime number and the least prime number.
➢ 1 is neither prime nor composite number.
➢ There are infinite prime numbers.
➢ A list of all prime numbers upto 100 is given below.
Table of Prime Numbers (1-100)
2 11 23 31 41 53 61 71 83 97
3 13 29 37 43 59 67 73 89
5 17 47 79
7 19
➢ Test to find whether a given number is a prime
➢ Step 1 Select a least positive integer n such that n2 > given number.
➢ Step 2 Test the divisibility of given number by every prime number less than n.
 ➢ Step 3 The given number is prime only if it is not divisible by any of these primes.
Ex. Investigate whether 571 is a prime number.
Sol. Since (23)2= 529 <571 and (24)2 = 576 571
 n = 24
Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23. Since 571 is not divisible by any of
the given number. Hence, 571 is a prime number.
Co-prime: A pair of two natural numbers having no common factor, other than 1, is called a
pair of co-primes.
For example: (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 6), (7, 9), (6, 7) etc, are co-primes.
Twin primes: Prime numbers differing by 2 are called twin primes, e.g. (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13) etc,
are called twin primes.
Prime triplet: A set of three consecutive primes differing by 2, such as (3, 5, 7) is called a prime
triplet.
"every prime number except 2 is odd but every odd number need not be prime."
Fractions:
(a) Common fraction : Fractions whose denominator is not 10.
(b) Decimal fraction : Fractions whose denominator is 10 or any power of 10.
3
(c) Proper fraction : Numerator < Denominator i.e. 5
3
(d) Improper fraction : 5 Numerator > Denominator i.e.. 5
2
(e) Mixed fraction : 2 Consists of integral as well as fractional part i.e. 3 7.

(f) Compound fraction : Fraction whose numerator and denominator themselves are
2/3
fractions i.e. 5/7

Composite numbers: All natural numbers, which are not prime are composite numbers.
If C is the set of composite number than C = {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.....}
Imaginary numbers: All the numbers whose square is negative are called imaginary numbers.
e.g. 3i, -4i.... where i = √-1
Complex numbers: The combined form of real and imaginary numbers is known as complex
number.
It is denoted by z = A + iB, where A is real and B is imaginary part of Z and A, B ∈ R.
▪ Square and Square roots
 The second power of number is called the square of that number. In other words the square of a
number is the product of the number with the number itself.
A given number is a perfect square, if it is expressed as a product of pairs of equal factors.

• Important properties
➢ A natural number having 2,3,7 or 8 in the unit's place is never a perfect square (or squared
number.)
17,23,118,222 are not perfect squares.
➢ The square of an even number is always an even number.

22 = 4, 62 = 36,102 = 100, 122 = 144.

➢ The square of an odd number is always an odd number.

32 = 9, 72 = 49, 132 = 169, 152 = 225.

➢ The number of zeroes at the end of a perfect square is never odd.

100,400,3600,640000 are perfect squares and 1000, 4000, 6400000 are not perfect squares.
➢ The square of a natural number 𝑛 is equal to the sum of the first 𝑛 odd numbers.
12 = 1 = sum of the first 1 odd number.
22 = 1 + 3 = sum of the first 2 odd numbers.
32 = 1 + 3 + 5 = sum of the first 3 odd numbers.
➢ For every natural number n ,
(n + 1)2 − n2 = (n + 1 + n)(n + 1 − n) = (n + 1) + n
42 − 32 = (3 + 1) + 3 = 7
162 − 152 = (15 + 1) + 15 = 31
➢ A perfect square (other than 1 ) is either a multiple of 3 or exceeds a multiple of 3 by 1 .

49 = (7)2 = 3 × 16 + 1,169 = (13)2 = 3 × 56 + 1.

➢ A perfect square (other than 1) is either a multiple of 4 or exceeds a multiple of 4 by 1.

441 = (21)2 = 4 × 110 + 1.
• Some other properties
➢ If the unit digit of the number is zero then the unit digit of the square of this number will also be zero
and the number of zeroes will be double in the square than that of its root.
e.g., (60)² = 3600, (130)² = 16900
➢ If the unit digit of the number is 5 then the unit digit of its square is also 5 and the number formed
by last two digits is 25.
 e.g., (35)² = 1225, (45)² = 2025, (55)² = 3025 etc.
➢ If the unit digit of any number is 1 or 9 then the unit digit of the square of its number is always 1.
e.g., (71)2 = 5041, (31)² = 961, (19)² = 361
➢ If the unit digit of any number is 2 or 8 then the unit digit of the square of its number is always 4.
➢ If the unit digit of any number is 3 or 7 then the unit digit of its square is always 9.
e.g., (23)2 = 529, (27)² = 729
➢ If the unit digit of any number is 4 or 6 then the unit digit of its square is always 6.
e.g., (26)2 = 676, (24)² = 576, (14)² = 196, (16)² = 256 etc.
➢ The square of any number is always positive irrespective of the nature of the given number.
➢ Non square numbers between the squares of two consecutive natural numbers
n & n + 1 → (n+1)2 – n2-1 = n² + 1 + 2n - n²- 1 = 2n
➢ If a natural number cannot be expressed as a sum of successive odd natural numbers starting with
1, then it is not a perfect square.
➢ Square root of a negative integer is an imaginary number.
➢ Square roots of integers that are not perfect squares are always irrational numbers.
➢ Every composite number can be uniquely factored as a product of prime numbers only.
(n+1)
➢ If a perfect square is of n-digits, then its square root will have n/2 digits if n is even ог if n is
2

odd.
▪ Cube and cube roots
Cube of a number is obtained by multiplying the number by itself thrice.
For example, 27 is the cube of 3 as 27 = 3 × 3 × 3.
• Cube root: Cube root of a given number is that number which when raised to the third power
produces the given number, that is the cube root of a number x is the number whose cube is x.
3
The cube root of x is written as √𝑥
For example, cube root of 64 is 4 as 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
• Short-cut method of finding cube roots of exact cubes consisting up to 6 digits:
Before we discuss the method to find the cube roots of exact cubes, the following two remarks are
very useful and must be remembered by heart.
➢ 13 = 1; 23 = 8; 33 = 27; 43 = 64; 53 = 125; 63 = 216; 73 = 343; 83 = 512; 93 = 729; 103 = 1000.
➢ If the cube ends in 1, then its cube root ends in 1
If the cube ends in 2, then its cube root ends in 8
If the cube ends in 3, then its cube root ends in 7
If the cube ends in 4, then its cube root ends in 4
If the cube ends in 5, then its cube root ends in 5
 If the cube ends in 6, then its cube root ends in 6
If the cube ends in 7, then its cube root ends in 3
If the cube ends in 8, then its cube root ends in 2
If the cube ends in 9, then its cube root ends in 9
If the cube ends in 0, then its cube root ends in 0
• Clearly from above
1 ↔ 1, 4 ↔ 4, 5 ↔ 5, 6 ↔ 6, 9 ↔ 9, 0 ↔ 0
2 ↔ 8, 3 ↔ 7
• Some other properties
➢ Cubes of all odd natural numbers are odd.
➢ Cubes of all even natural numbers are even.
➢ The cube of a natural number which is a multiple of 3 is a multiple of 27.
➢ The cube of a natural number which of the form 3n +1(e.g.,4,7,10...........) is also a number of the
form 3n + 1
➢ The cube of natural number which is of the form 3n + 2 ( e .g.,5,8,11,......) is also a number of the
form 3n + underline 2.
▪ Squares (short-cut methods)
To square any number ending with 5.
Method: (A5)2 = A(A + 1) / 25
To square a number in which every digit is one.
Method: Count the number of digits in the given number and start writing numbers in ascending
order from one to this number and then in descending order up to one.
To square number which is nearer to 10x.
Method: Use the formula.
x2 = (x2 - y2) + y2 = (x + y)(x - y) + y2
Ex. Find the squares of following:
Sol. (i) (25)2 = 2(2 + 1) / 25 = 6/25 = 625
(ii) (452) = 4(4 + 1) / 25 = 20/25 = 2025
(iii) (85)2 = 8(8 + 1) / 25 = 72/25 = 7225
(iv) 112 = 121
(v) 1112 = 12321
(vi) 11112 = 1234321
(vii) 2222 = 22 (111)2 = 4(12321) = 49284
(viii) 33332 = 32 (1111)2 = 9(1234321) = 1110889
 (ix) (97)2 = (97 + 3)(97 - 3) + 32 = 9400 + 9 = 9409
(x) (102)2 = (102 - 2)(102 + 2) + 22 = 10400 + 4 = 10404
(xi) (994)2 = (994 + 6)(994 - 6) + 62 = 988000 + 36 = 988036
(xii) (1005)2 = (1005 - 5)(1005 + 5) + 52 = 1010000 + 25 = 1010025

▪ Multiplication (short-cut methods)

Multiplication of a given number by 9, 99, 999, etc., that is by 10n-1
Method: Put as many zeroes to the right of the multiplication as there are nines in the multiplier
and from the result subtract the multiplicant and get the answer.
Ex. Multiply
(i) 3893 by 99 (ii) 4327 by 999 (iii) 5863 by 9999
Sol.
(i) 3893 * 99 = 389300 - 3893 = 385407
(ii) 4327 * 999 = 4327000 - 4327 = 4322673
(iii) 5863 * 9999 = 58630000 - 5863 = 58624137
Multiplication of a given number by 11, 101, 1001, etc., that is by 10n + 1.
Method: Place n zeroes to the right of the multiplicant and then add the multiplicant to the
number so obtained.
Ex. Multiply
(i) 4782 × 11 (ii) 9836 × 101 (iii) 6538 × 1001
Sol.
(i) 4782 × 11 = 47820 + 4782 = 52602
(ii) 9836 × 101 = 983600 + 9836 = 993436
(iii) 6538 × 1001 = 6538000 + 6538 = 6544538
Multiplication of a given number by 15, 25, 35, etc.
Method: Double the multiplier and then multiply the multiplicant by this new number and
finally divide the product by 2.
Ex. Multiply:
(i) 7054 × 15 (ii) 3897 × 25 (iii) 4563 × 35
Sol.
1 1
(i) 7054 × 15 = 2 (7054 × 30) = 2 (211620) = 105810
1 1
(ii) 3897 × 25 = (3897 × 50) = (194850) = 97425
2 2
1 1
(iii) 4563 × 35 = 2 (4563 × 70) = 2 (319410) = 159705
 Multiplication of a given number by 5, 25, 125, 625, etc., that is, by a number which is some
power of 5.
Method: Place as many zeroes to the right of the multplicant as in the power of 5 in the
multiplier, then divide the number so obtained by 2 raised to the same power as is the power of
5.
Ex. Multiply
(1) 3982 × 5
(ii) 4739 × 25
(iii) 7894 × 125
(iv) 4863 × 625
Sol.
39820
(i) 3982 × 5 = = 19910
2
473900 473900
(ii) 4739 × 25 = = = 118475
22 4
7894000 7894000
(iii) 7894 × 125 = = = 986750
23 8
48630000 48630000
(iv) 4863 × 625 = = = 3039375
24 16

▪ Test of divisibility
• Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 if the unit's digit is zero or divisible by 2.
For example, 4, 12, 30, 18, 102, etc, are all divisible by 2.
• Divisibility by 3: A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of digits in the number is divisible by 3.
For example, the number 3792 is divisible by 3 since 3 + 7 + 9 + 2 = 21, which is divisible by 3.
• Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by the last two digits (ten's digit
and unit's digit) is divisible by 4 or are both zero.
For example, the number 2616 is divisible by 4 since 16 is divisible by 4.
• Divisibility by 5: A number is divisible by 5 if the unit's digit in the number is 0 or 5.
For example, 13520, 7805, 640, 745, etc. are all divisible by 5.
• Divisibility by 6: A number is divisible by 6 if the number is even and sum of its digits is divisible by
3.
For example, the number 4518 is divisible by 6 since it is even and sum of its digits 4+5+1+8= 18 is
divisible by 3.
• Divisibility by 7: The unit digit of the given number is doubled and then it is subtracted from the
number obtained after omitting the unit digit. If the remainder is divisible by 7, then the given
number is also divisible by 7.
 For example, consider the number 448. On doubling the unit digit 8 of 448 we get 16. Then, 44-16=
28.
Since 28 is divisible by 7, so 448 is divisible by 7.
• Divisibility by 8: A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by the last 3 digits is divisible by
8.
For example, the number 41784 is divisible by 8 as the number formed by last three digits i.e., 784
is divisible by 8.
• Divisibility by 9: A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
For example, the number 19044 is divisible by 9 as the sum of its digits 1 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 4 = 18 is
divisible by 9.
• Divisibility by 10: A number is divisible by 10, if ends in zero.
For example, the last digit of 580 is zero, therefore 580 is divisible by 10.
• Divisibility by 11: A number is divisible by 11, if the difference of the sum of the digits at odd places
and sum of the digits at even places is either zero or divisible by 11.
For example, in the number 38797, the sum of the digits at odd places is 3 + 7 + 7 = 17 and the sum
of the digits at even places is 8 + 9 = 17. The difference is 17 - 17 = 0 so the number is divisible by
11.
• Divisibility by 12: A number is divisible by 12 if it is divisible by 3 and 4.
• Divisibility by 25: A number is divisible by 25 if the number formed by the last two digits is divisible
by 25 or last two digits are zero.
For example, the number 13675 is divisible by 25 as the number formed by the last two digits is 75
which is divisible by 25.
• Divisibility by 125: A number is divisible by 125 if the number formed by the last three digits is
divisible by 125 or the last three digits are zero.
For example, the number 5250 is divisible by 125 as 250 is divisible by 125.
• Divisibility by 18: An even number satisfying the divisibility test of 9 is divisible by 18.
• Divisibility by 88: A number is divisible by 88 if it is divisible by 11 and 8.
▪ Numbers of factors of a given number
Number of factors (or divisors) of a given number (composite number)
Let us assume a composite number say 24 then find the number of factors.
24 = 1 × 24
2 × 12
3× 8
4×6
 We see that there are total 8 factors namely,
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24.
Let there be a composite number N and its prime factors be a, b, c, d,........ etc and p,q, r,s...etc. be
the indices (or powers) of the a, b, c, d..... etc. respectively i.e., if N can be expressed as
N = ap bq .cr . ds...
then, the number of total divisors or factors of N is
(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) (s + 1) …….
Ex. Find the total number of factors of 540.
(1) 24
(2) 20
(3) 30
(4) None of these
Sol.
540 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
540 = 22 × 33 × 51
Therefore, total number of factors of 540 is
(2 + 1) (3 + 1) (1 + 1) = 24
▪ Cyclicity
We are having 10 digits in our number systems and some of them shows special characteristics
like they, repeat their unit digit after a cycle, for example 1 repeat its unit digit after every
consecutive power. So its cyclicity is 1 on the other hand digit 2 repeat its unit digit after every fourth
power, hence the cyclicity of 2 is four. The cyclicity of digits are as follows.
Digit Cyclicity
0, 1, 5 and 6 1
4 and 9 2
2, 3, 7 and 8 4
So, if we want to find last digit of 245, divide 45 by 4. The remainder is 1 so the last digit of 245 would
be same as the last digit of 2¹ which is 2.
• To find the Unit Digit in Exponential Expression:
▪ Where there is 2 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 2¹ unit digit is 2, in 22 unit digit is 4, in 2³ unit digit is 8, in 24 unit digit is 6, after that the
unit's digit repeats e.g. unit digit (12)12 is equal to the unit digit of 24 i.e. 6 e.g., In (32)33 unit digit is
equal to the unit digit of 2¹ i.e. 2.
➢ When there is 3 in unit's place of any number.
 Since, in 3¹ unit digit is 3, in 32 unit digit is 9, in 33 unit digit is 7, in 34 unit digit is 1, after that the
unit's digit repeats.
e.g., In (43)46 unit digit is 9.
➢ When there is 4 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 41 unit digit is 4, in 42 unit digit is 6, after that the unit's digit repeats.
e.g., In (34)14 unit digit is 6.
e.g., In (34)33 unit digit is 4.
➢ When there is 5 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 5¹ unit digit is 5, in 52 unit digit is 5 and so on.
e.g., In (25)15 unit digit is 5.
➢ When there is 6 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 6¹ unit digit is 6, in 62 unit digit is 6 & so on.
e.g., In (46)13 unit digit is 6.
➢ When there is 7 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 7¹ unit digit is 7, in 72 unit digit is 9, in 73 unit digit is 3, in 74 unit digit is 1,
after that the unit's digit repeats.
e.g., In (57)9 unit digit is 7.
e.g., In (97)9 unit digit is 7.
➢ When there is 8 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 8¹ unit digit is 8, in 82 unit digit is 4, in 8³ unit digit is 2, in 84 unit is 6, after that unit's digit
repeats after a group of 4.
➢ When there is 9 in unit's place of any number.
Since, in 91 unit digit is 9, in 92 unit digit is 1, after that unit digit repeats after a group of 2.
➢ When there is zero in unit's place of any number.
There will always be zero in unit's place.
Ex. Find the last digit of
(i) 357 (ii) 1359
57
Sol. (i) The cyclicity of 3 is 4. Hence, gives the remainder 1. So the last digit of 357 is same as the
4

last digit of 31, i.e. 3.

(ii) The number of digits in the base will not make a difference to the last digit. It is last digit of the
59
base which decides the last digit of the number itself. For 1359, we find which gives a remainder
4

3. So, the last digit of 1359 is same as the last digit of 33 i.e. 7.
Ex. Find the last digit of the product 723 × 813
 Sol. Both 7 and 8 exhibit a cyclicity of 4, the last digit are
71 = 7 81 = 8
72 = 9 82 = 4
73 = 3 83 = 2
74 = 1 84 = 6
75 = 7 85 = 8
The cycle would repeat itself for higher powers. 723 ends with the same last digit as 73 i.e. 3.
813 ends with the same last digit as 81, i.e. 8. Hence, the product of the two numbers would end
with the same last digit as that of 3 × 8, i.e. 4.
Ex. Find unit’s digit in y = 717 + 734
Sol. 717 + 734 = 71 + 72 = 56, hence the unit digit is 6.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. One can easily see that if a perfect square n² is divisible by a prime p then it is also divisible by
p². For example any square integer that is divisible by 7 is also divisible by 49. Can a number
written with 200 zeroes 200 ones and 200 twos be a perfect square?
Sol. Consider a number N written with 200 zeroes, 200 ones and 200 twos. The sum of the digits of
this number (written in decimal scale) is 200 + 2(200) = 600. So N is divisible by the prime
number 3. But it is not divisible by 9. Hence no such N is a perfect square. The answer is NO.
2. The positive integers a and b satisfy 23a = 32b Can a + b be a prime number? Justify your answer.
Sol. Now, 23a = 32b implies that a = 32m for some integer m (since 23 is a prime). Also 23a = 32b
implies that 23 * 32m = 32b This means that b = 23m Therefore, a + b = 32m + 23m = 55m
In other words, 55 divides a + b and a + b is not a prime.
3. Find all positive even integers less than 50. Which can be written as a sum of three consecutive
integer and find the sum of all these integers.
Sol. The sum of even, odd, even is odd and sum of odd, even, odd is even. To get an even sum, the
three consecutive integers are odd, even, odd (or) should start with odd. Hence we have 1 + 2
+3=6
3 + 4 + 5 is 6 + 6 = 12 since 3 is 2 more than 1, 4 is 2 more than 2 and 5 is 2 more than 3.
5 + 6 + 7 is 6 more than 3 + 4 + 5 Hence we get all multiples of 6 less than 50. They are
6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48. Their sum is 216.
4. Two four digit numbers abcd and efgh are constructed using the digits from 1 to 8. [a,b,c,d,e,f,g
and h are the digits of the two four digit numbers} It is found that abcd x 2 = efgh. Find the
numbers.
Sol. Given abcd x 2 = efgh. And abcd, efgh are 4 digit numbers constructed from digits 1 to 8. None
of the values of a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h can be 0 or 9.
As it is not mentioned that the digits are different (or) all the digits are used, it should be noted
that digits may repeat.
In such case, there will be plenty of solutions. The smallest such abcd is 1111. Its
corresponding efgh is 2222. The largest abcd will be 4444. Its corresponding efgh is 8888. Only
certain 4-digit numbers from 1111 to 4444 satisfy abcd and we have the respective efgh's.
The conditions are:
(i) d  5. Otherwise h = 0.
(ii) cd  46, 47, 48 Otherwise g = 9
(iii) cd  51, 52, 53, 54 Otherwise g = 0
(iv) bcd  456 to 554 otherwise. f = 9 or f (or) g = 0
(v) a  5, 6, 7.8 Otherwise efgh will not be 4-digit number.
One solution where all a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h are different is (1764) × 2 = (3528)
630
5. Find all values of natural number n, for which 2𝑛−1 is also a natural number.
630
Sol. Given 2n−1 should be a natural number

For 'n' being natural

 (2n-1) should be an odd factor of 630
As 630 = 2 * 3 ^ 2 * 5 * 7 , the odd factors of 630 are 1,3,5,7,9,15,21,35,45,63,105,315

Values of ‘n’ are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 18, 23, 32, 53 and 158.

6. In the addition sum beside, different letters stand for different digits. Find what each letter
stands for. Find at least two solutions.
NET
TEN
------
END
Sol. N + T < 10. Otherwise, the result is a 4-digit number.
 There’s no carry over in the ten’s place value.
As E, D are different, there must be a carry over ‘1’ in the hundred’s place value (The sum of
single digits is maximum 18 and cannot be a carry over > 1).
 N E T NET
+T +E +N +TEN
---- ----- ---- --------
E 10+N D END
---- ----- ---- --------
N + T + 1 = E ; E + E = 10 + N; T + N = D
N + T + 1 + N + T + 1 = 10 + N  N + 2T = 8
 N must be even

7. There are 144 green balls and 216 blue balls. The balls are packed in boxes in such a way that
every box contains the same number of balls and every box contains balls of the same colour.
What is the minimum number of boxes required? Can you pack the balls in
(a) 10 boxes
(b) 12 boxes?
Given reason for your answer.
Sol. Every box should contain same number of balls. Each box should contain number of balls
which is a common factor of 144 and 216.
The common factors of 144, 216 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72. Lesser the number of
boxes, more the number of balls in each box (72 balls in each box).
 The minimum number of boxes required
144 216
= + =2+3=5
72 72

[i.e. 2 boxes 72 green balls each, 3 boxes of 72 blue balls each]

It is possible to pack the balls in 10 boxes as follows: 4 boxes of 36 green balls each, 6 boxes of
36 blue balls each.
It is not possible to pack the balls in 12 boxes as 30 is not a common factor of 144, 216.
(i.e. 12 boxes of 30 balls each will contain some boxes of blue and green balls together)
8. A three digit number has the following properties
(a) It is divisible by 5.
(b) None of the digits is zero.
(c) When the number is written in the reverse order it is divisible by 6.
Find all such three digit numbers. Find their sum and all the prime divisors of the Sum.
Sol. We know that any number divisible by 5 should end up with either 5 or 0.
So, the three digit number has the unit digit 5 or 0.
As per condition (b) none of the digits is zero.
 The unit digit of the three digit number is 5.
Now, consider the number got by reversing the digits. Since it is divisible by 6, it must be
divisible by 2, thus its units place must be even.
Thus, in the original number hundreds place must be even.
Since, it is divisible by 6, the sum of the digits of such numbers must be a multiple of 3.
Thus, the numbers are 225, 255, 285, 435, 465, 495, 615, 645, 675, 825, 855 and 885.
Sum of all these numbers = 6660 = 22 x 32 x 5 x 37.
Prime divisors are 2,3,5 and 37.
ABC
9. +ACB
-----------
C4A
------------
Each letter stands for a digit A  0; C  0 find (A + B + C).
Sol. Case (1) No carry over In the tens place.
Then C + B = A in the units place.
0 + B + C = 4 in the tens place.
 A=4
A + A = C in the hundreds place.
 C=A+4=8
But 8 + B = 4 has no single digit value for B.
 No solution in this case.
Case (2) Carry over 1 in the tens place.
C + B = 10 + A in the units place.
1 + B + C = 10 + 4 in the tens place.
 B + C =13  A = 3
 1 + A + A = C in the hundreds place.
 C=l+3+3=7
 7 + B =10 + 3  B = 6
 A = 3, B = 6, C = 7 is the only solution.
 A + B + C = 16
(Verification: 367 + 376 + 743)
10. A 40 digit number has the following properties
(a) None of the digits is 0,5,6,7,8, or 9.
(b) Sum of the digits is less than or equal to 99.
What is the maximum number of times the digit 4 can appear in the 40 digit number?
Sol. If there are 24 digit 4's, then the sum of digit 4's alone is 96 and the remaining 16 digits should
give a sum 3, which is impossible without digit '0'.
If there are 23 digit 4's, then the sum of digit 4's alone is 92 and the remaining 17 digits should
give a sum 7, which is impossible without digit '0'.
If there are 22 digit 4's, then the sum of digit 4's alone is 88 and the remaining 18 digits should
give a sum 11, which is impossible without digit '0'.
If there are 21 digit 4's, then the sum of digit 4's alone is 84 and the remaining 19 digits should
give a sum 15, which is impossible without digit '0'.
If there are 20 digit 4's, then the sum of digit 4's alone is 80 and the remaining 20 digits should
give a sum 19, which is impossible without digit '0'.
If there are 19 digit 4's, then the sum of digit 4's alone is 76 and the remaining 21 digits should
give a sum 23, which is possible with 20 digit in 1 and a digit '3'.
e.g. ⏟ 11 … … .13 44. is such a 40 digit number
44 … … .4 ⏟
19 digits 20 digits

 Max number of digit 4 can appear = 19.

11. These are 5 boxes, each box containing number cards as shown. Cards are removed from each
box so that at the end each box contains only one card and different boxes contain different
cards. The card remaining in Box (1) is

Sol. Since box 5 contains exactly one card with number 11, in it, from box 4, card with number 11
should be removed.
 So that box four contains card with number 44 on it. thus, from boxes 3, 2 and one, the cards
with number (44) and (55, 11), (11, 33, 55 and 44) should be removed respectively. So, box one
finally contains card with number 22 in it.
12. The sum of the digits of a four digit number is 3. The difference between the biggest and the
smallest of these numbers is
(1) 1998 (2) 1989 (3) 1899 (4) 1809
Sol. Four digit numbers with sum of the digits 3 are
(1)3000 (2)2100 (3)2010 (4)2001
(5)1200 (6)1020 (7)1002 (8)1110
(9)1101 (10)1011
The difference between the biggest and the smallest of these numbers is 3000-1011=1989.
13. n is a two digit number. P(n) is the product of the digits of n and S(n) is the sum of the digits of
n. If n = p(n) + s(n) then the units digit of n is-
Sol. Let n [ab] = 10a + b
p(n) = a x b
S(n) = a + b
n=axb+a+b
 10a + b = ab + a + b
 10a = ab + a
 9a = ab
 9 = b.
 units digit is 9.
14. The difference between the biggest and the smallest three digit numbers each of which has
different digits is.
Sol. The biggest three digit number with different digits is 987 The smallest three digit number with
different digits is 102 The difference between these two numbers is 885.
15. A box contains 100 balls of different colours: 28 Red, 17 Blue, 21 Green, 10 white, 12 Yellow and
12 Black. The smallest number of balls drawn from the box so that at least 15 balls are of the
same colour is
(1) 73 (2)77 (3) 81 (4) 85
Sol. When a person starts taking the balls without seeing the colour he/she may get the
following combination:
10 White
12 Yellow
 12 Black
14 Red
14 Blue
14 Green
Now only Red, Blue and Green balls are remaining. If the person taken any one of these balls
then 15 balls of the same colour be obtained.
 The minimum number of balls to be taken is 77 when we want 15 balls of the same colour to be
obtained.
16. The tens digit of a four digit number is an even prime. The number is divisible by 5. The other
digits are all prime numbers and all the digits are distinct. The sum of all such four digit numbers
is_____.
Sol. Let the number be abcd.
Given that C = 2.
Since the number is divisible by 5, d = 5 or 0. The digits are distinct and all are primes the other
two single digit primes are 3 and 7.
The numbers are 3725,
7325
3725
+7325
Sum of the numbers = 11050
EXERCISE
1. Aruna has a piece of cloth measuring 128 cm 4. Mahadevan used his calculator (which he
by 72 cm. She wants to cut it into square rarely uses) to multiply a number by 2. But by
pieces. The greatest possible size of the square mistake he multiplied by 20. To obtain the
that she can cut is correct result he must
(1) 6 cm by 6 cm (2) 8 cm by 8 cm (1) divide by 20 (2) divide by 40
(3) 9 cm by 9 cm (4) 12 cm by 12 cm (3) multiply by 10 (4) multiply by 0.1
2. When 26 is divided by a positive integer n, the 5. a4273b is a six digit number in which a and b
remainder is 2. The sum of all the possible are digits. This number is divisible by 72. Then
values of n is (1) b - 2a = 0 (2) a - 2b = 0
(1) 57 (2) 60 (3) 2a - b = 4 (4) a + b = 13
(3) 45 (4) 74 6. P and Q are natural numbers. If 25 × P × 18 =
3. Samrud, Saket, Slok, Vishwa and Arish have Q × 15. The smallest value of P + Q is
different amounts of money in Rupees, each an (1) 61 (2) 21
odd number which is less than 50. The largest (3) 41 (4) 31
possible sum of these amounts (in Rupees) is 7. The thousands digit in the multiplication
(1) 229 (2) 220 111111 x 11111 is
(3) 250 (4) 225 (1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 4 (3) 5 (4) 0
8. The sum of the present ages of 5 brothers is 17. The sum of the divisors of 6 is reciprocals of
120 years. How many years ago was the sum of all the
their ages 80 years? (1) 1 (2) 2
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) less than 2 (4) greater than 2
(3) 8 (4) 9 18. The number of pairs of two digit square
9. Laxman starts counting backwards from 100 numbers, the sum or difference of which are
by 7's. He begins 100, 93, 86..., Which number also square numbers is
will not come in his countdown? (1) 0 (2) 1
(1) 65 (2) 30 (3) 2 (4) 3
(3) 23 (4) 15 19. The number of 3 digit numbers which end in
10. Jingle has six times as much money as 7 and are divisible by 11 is
Bingle. Dingle has twice as much money as (1) 1 (2) 4
Bingle. Pingle has six times as much many as (3) 6 (4) 8
Dingle. Pingle has _______ many times as much 20. In a six digit number 5 digit are prime
money as Jingle. numbers. The sum of all the digits is 24. The
(1) 4 (2) 2 2nd, 3rd and 5th digits are identical and the
(3) 3 (4) 4 others are distinct digits. The number is
11. If the previous month is July, then the month divisible by 4. The last digit of the number is
21 months from now is______. (1) 2 or 4 (2) 4 ог 6
(1) July (2) April (3) 4 or 6 or 8 (4) 2 or 6 or 8
(3) June (4) May 21. How many positive integers less than 100
12. The sum of all natural numbers less than 45 can be written as the sum of 9 consecutive
which are not divisible by 3 is _______. positive integers?
(1) 630 (2) 315 (1) 11 (2) 9
(3) 675 (4) 990 (3) 7 (4) 5
13. How many two digit numbers greater than 22. What is the first digit of the smallest number
10 are there, which are divisible by 2 and 5 but whose sum of the digits is 2007?
not by 25? (1) 9 (2) 8
(1) 3 (2) 12 (3) 3 (4) 2
(3) 7 (4) 2 23. The product of two integers is 27. 33.55.73.
14. The number of 3 digit even numbers that Then the sum of the two numbers may be
can be written using the digit 0, 3, 6 without divisible by
repetition is (1) 16 (2) 9
(1) 6 (2) 3 (3) 25 (4) 49
(3) 4 (4) 2 24. The number of prime numbers less than 100
15. When 1000 single digit non-zero numbers whose sum of the digits is 2 is
are added, the units place is 5. The maximum (1) 1 (2) 2
carry over in this case is (3) 3 (4) 4
(1) 495 (2) 895 25. If all the divisors of 128 are arranged in
(3) 899 (4) 995 ascending order the sixth divisor is
16. 4ab5 is a four digit number divisible by 55 (1) 16 (2) 64
where a, b are unknown digits. Then b - a is (3) 32 (4) 128
(1) 1 (2) 4
26. Consider the fractions
1 2 3 9 10
, , , … 2 , 1 . The were taken out from the first, second, third and
10 9 8
number of these fractions which are irreducible fourth baskets respectively. Now all the 4
is baskets have the same number of flowers. The
(1) 10 (2) 8 number of flowers in the fourth basket at the
(3) 6 (4) 4 beginning was
27. Mala, Devi, Sita, Emma and Kala are sitting (1) 28 (2) 25
in a park. Mala is not sitting on the farthest right (3) 23 (4) 24
and Devi is not sitting on the farthest left. Sita is 34. To open a safe, some three digit code needs
not sitting at either the farthest left or farthest to be used. It is known that only three digits 0,
right. Kala is not sitting next to Sita and Sita is 1, 2, exist in this code. The sum of the digits
not sitting next to Devi. Emma is sitting to the used in the code should be 2. The number of
right of Devi but not necessarily next to her. ways this code can be set is
Which girl is sitting farthest to the right? (1) 3 (2) 6
(1) Devi (2) Sita (3) 9 (4) 12
(3) Emma (4) Kala 35. The number 52, 32, 12, 43, 25, 18, 56, 36,
28. The natural numbers are written as below 16, 50 are grouped in pairs in such a way that
following some rule 1, 3, 6, 10, ... The tenth the sum of each pair is the same. The number
number is paired with 18 is
(1) 55 (2) 56 (1) 52 (2) 50
(3) 57 (4) 58 (3) 43 (4) 36
29. a and b are two primes of the form p and P + 36. A student is ranked 9th from the top and
1 and M = aa + bb; N = ab + ba then 38th from the bottom in a class. The number of
(1) M and N are composite students in the class is
(2) M is a prime but N is composite (1) 45 (2) 46
(3) M and N are primes (3) 47 (4) 48
(4) M is composite, N is prime 37. If the sum of two consecutive odd numbers
30. a, b, c are any three of the first four prime is 2004, then the smaller of the two numbers
numbers, n = a²bc. The biggest and the 2 could be
smallest value of n are respectively: (1) 2001 (2) 1001
(1) (1035, 50) (2) (735, 60) (3) 1003 (4) None of these
(3) (525, 50) (4) None of these 38. The sum of nine consecutive whole
31. A number when divided by 899 gives a numbers is 99. The largest of these integers is
remainder 63. What remainder will be obtained (1) 19 (2) 15
by dividing the same number of 29? (3) 17 (4) 21
(1) 5 (2) 18 39. The adjacent number pyramid is formed by
(3) 19 (4) 21 filling up each unshaded square with the sum
32. A 2009 digit number is multiplied by 54. The of the two numbers connected to it from the
last two digits of the product are 6 and 8 in this row below. (Thus 5 is obtained by adding 3 and
order. If the same number is multiplied by 46, 2). The top number obtained at the end is 45.
the last two digits are The value of X is
(1) 0,9 (2) 8,6
(3) 3, 2 (4) cannot be found
33. One hundred flowers were kept in 4
baskets. After some time 4, 5, 3 and 8 flowers
(1) 6 (2) 9 46. Five of the six numbers 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13
(3) 17 (4) 12 when multiplied gives 19305. The sixth number
40. How many times should 2002 be that is not needed among the given numbers is
subtracted from 112113 to get remainder (1) 3 (2) 7
2003? (3) 11 (4) 13
(1) 53 (2) 55 47. Given 1x6y7 is a five-digit number divisible
(3) 65 (4) 68 by 9. The number of ordered pairs (x, y)
41. If 8 is subtracted from twice the cube of 5, satisfying this is
then the result is not divisible by (1) 5 (2) 6
(1) 121 (2) 11 (3) 8 (4) 11
(3) 2 (4) 3 48. If 0 < a < b < c < d where (a, b, c, d) are
42. In the addition problem given, letters A, B, C positive integers, which among the following
stand for distinct digits. The values of A, B, C are has least value ?
respectively, a+b
(1) c + d
a+d
(2) b + c
A A c+d b+d
(3) a + b (4) a + c
+B B
+C C 49. If [3(230 + x)]2 = 492a04, then a + x is
A B C (1) 4 (2) 8
(1) 1,9,8 (2) 1,8,9 (3) 12 (4) 16
(3) 1,7,9 (4) 1,9,7 50. Plastic numbers are prepared for issuing
43. If a, b, c are consecutive number in the tokens in a cycle stand, starting from number 1
abc and ending at 100. How many plastic digits of 8
increasing order such that + c b a then will be used for this?
x x x (1) 20 (2) 19
cannot be equal to (3) 18 (4) 11
(1) 1 (2) 2 51. A die (cubic in shape) has numbers 1, 2, 3,
(3) 3 (4) 4 4, 5, 6 on it. Two such identical dice are rolled
44. In the multiplication shown, D is a single and the scores on their tops are added. How
digit. The value of D should be many different answers are possible ?
7D (1) 6 (2) 10
×D2 (3) 11 (4) 12
6396 52. Mahabir drove 5 km west, then 7 km south,
(1) 8 (2) 6 then 4 km west then 18 km north and then 9 km
(3) 9 (4) 3 east. How far is he now from his starting place?
45. In the given multiplication, a and b are (1) 11 km (2) 4 km
natural numbers. Then a + b is: (3) 14 km (4) 9 km
3a 1 1
53. Which fraction is between 4 and 5 ?
×b2
1 1
70 (1) 3 (2) 20
140 × 1
(3) 40
1
(4 6
1470 54. How many whole numbers less than 100
(1) 5 (2) 6 satisfy all the following conditions?
(3) 8 (4) 9 (i) If divided by 3, the remainder is 1.
(ii) If divided by 5, the remainder is 1.
(iii) If divided by 7, the remainder is 0. number of rows in which the above plants may
(1) 0 (2) 1 be planted is
(3) 91 (4) 15 (1) 3 (2) 15
55. When a number n is divided by 10,000, the (3) 17 (4) 21
quotient is 1 and the remainder is 2011. The 63. n is a natural number such that (n + 1) (n +
quotient and remainder when n is divided by 2) (n + 3) = 201320132013. Then
2011 are respectively. (1) n is a two digit number
(1) 4, 1936 (2) 5, 1956 (2) n is a three digit number
(3) 4,0 (4) 5,0 (3) No such n exists
56. The sum of all four digit numbers formed by (4) n is a single digit number ending
using all the four digits of the number 2011 64. The first and the third digit of a five digit
(including this number) is number d6a41 are the same. If the number is
(1) 10877 (2) 12666 divisible by 9, the sum of its digits is
(3) 10888 (4) 12888 (1) 18 (2) 36
57. a, b where a > b are natural numbers each (3) 25 (4) 27
less than 10 such that (a²-b²) is prime number. 65. A three digit decimal number abc may be
The number of such pairs (a, b) is expressed as 100a + 10b + c where each of the
(1) 5 (2) 6 digits is multiplied by its respective place value
(3) 7 (4) 8 and subsequently summed. If a = b = c and a >
58. The number of three digit numbers that are 0 which of the following numbers must be a
divisible by 2 but not divisible by 4 is factor of the three digit number abc?
(1) 200 (2) 225 (1) 35 (2) 36
(3) 250 (4) 450 (3) 37 (4) 39
59. The least number which when divided by 66. Find out which of the following has the
25, 40 and 60 leaves a remainder 7 in each case smallest digit in the unit place?
is (1) 253 (2) 252
(1) 607 (2) 1007 (3) 251 (4) 250
(3) 807 (4) 507 67. If the counting starts at page 1, then the
60. Consider the numbers 2,3,4,5. Form two total number of digits used to number the
digit numbers of different digits using these pages of my math book could be
numbers. How many of them are odd? (1) 1997 (2) 1998
(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 1999 (4) 2000
(3) 6 (4) 7 68. (i) Which of the following numbers is the
61. A is the sum of all even three digit numbers smallest ?
in which all the three digits are equal. B is the (1) 2600 (2) 3500
sum of all odd three digit numbers in which all (3) 4 400 (4) 6200
B
the digits are equal.the value of A is. (ii) How many digits are there when 416 525 is
5 4 expanded.
(1) 4 (2) 3
(1) 25 (2) 28
6 7
(3) 5 (4) 6 (3) 30 (4)35
62. 21 rose plants, 42 sunflower plants and 56 (iii) What is the last digit of 71024 ?
dalia plants have to be planted in rows such (1) 1 (2) 3
that each row contains the same number of (3) 9 (4) 7
plants of one variety only. The minimum 69. Which of the following number is even?
(1) 2 + 0 + 0 + 9 (2) 200 - 9 hotel has 5 floors (from 1 to 5) and 35 rooms on
(3) 200 x 9 (4) 200 + 9 each floor, i.e. on the 1st floor you have room
70. How many Natural numbers lie between numbers 101 to 135 etc. How often does the
2.009 and 23.03? digit 2 appear in all room numbers of the hotel?
(1) 20 (2) 21 (1) 65 times (2) 95 times
(3) 22 (4) 23 (3) 100 times (4) 105 times
71. What is the minimum number of digits that 76. Which of the following expressions has a
must be removed from the number 12323314, value that differs from the others?
so that the resulting number is the same when (1) (20 ÷ 10) × 20 × 10(2) 20 × 10 × (20 ÷ 10)
read from either left to right or right to left? (3) 20 × 10 + 10 × 20 (4) (20 ÷ 10) . 20 + 10
(1) 1 (2) 2 77. Sumit chooses a number, divides it by 7,
(3) 3 (4) 4 adds 7 to the result and multiplies that result
72. The different digits are build using sticks as with 7. He obtains the number 777. Which
shown. The "weight" of a number describes the number did he start with?
number of sticks used to build it. How heavy is (1) 111 (2) 722
the heaviest two digit number? (3) 567 (4) 728
78. Amit wants to paint the word KANGAROO.
He begins on Wednesday and paints one letter
each day. On which day will he paint the last
letter?
(1) 11 (2) 12
(1) Monday (2) Tuesday
(3) 13 (4) 14
(3) Wednesday (4) Thursday
73. Eight cards that are numbered 1 to 8 are
79. In Crazytown the hand side of the houses on
inside two boxes A and B so that the sum of the
the right street all have odd numbers. The
cards in both boxes is identical. If there are
Crazytowners don't use any numbers with the
exactly 3 cards in box A then which of the
digit 3 in them. The first house on the right hand
following statements is definitely true:
side has the number 1. Which number does the
(1) Three cards in B are odd numbers.
fifteenth house on the right hand side have?
(2) Four cards in B are even numbers.
(1) 41 (2) 43
(3) The card numbered 1 is not in B.
(3) 45 (4) 47
(4) The card numbered 2 is in B.
80. The date 01-03-05 (1st March 2005) has
74. Arun, Bharat, Chandan and Devesh (but not
three consecutive odd numbers. This is the first
necessarily in this order) are ranked one to four
day in the 21st Century with this property. How
in a fencing tournament. If you add Arun's,
many days with this property are there in total
Bharat's and Devesh's rank, your total is 6. You
in the 21st Century?
obtain the same number if you add Bharat's and
(1) 5 (2) 6
Chandan's rank. Who won the tournament, if
(3) 16 (4) 13
Bharat did better than Arun?
81. All the four digit numbers with the same
(1) Arun (2) Bharat
digits as 2011 (i.e. 0, 1, 1, 2) are written in a row
(3) Chandan (4) Devesh
in ascending order. What is the difference
75. The rooms in a hotel are numbered with
between the two numbers that are next to 2011
three digit numbers each. The first digit
in this list?
determines the floor and the last two digits the
(1) 890 (2) 891
number of the room on each floor; e.g. room
(3) 900 (4) 909
125 is on the 1st floor, room number 25. The
82. Sunil wanted to multiply a whole number by numbers between 20 and 30 have the same
301, but forgot to include the zero and property as 36?
multiplied by 31 instead. His answer was 372. (1) 2 (2) 3
What should his answer have been? (3) 4 (4) 5
(1) 3010 (2) 3612 88. How many different subtraction sums
(3) 3702 (4) 3720 between two digit numbers are there, which
83. 10 children are at a judo club. Their teacher have the answer 50?
has 80 sweets. If he gives each girl the same (1) 40 (2) 30
amount of sweets, there are three sweets left (3) 50 (4) 60
over. How many boys are at the club? 89. If you start with three numbers, the 'addition
(1) 1 (2) 2 machine' produces three new ones by adding
(3) 3 (4) 5 together each pair of two. For instance from the
84. Numbers are to be built using only the digits numbers (3, 4, 6} the addition machine makes
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in such a way that each digit is (10, 9, 7). If you use the addition machine again
only used once in each number. How many of these numbers become (16,17,19). We feed
these numbers will have the following property; the three numbers (20,1, 3) into the addition
The first digit is divisible by one, The first 2 digits machine and let the machine calculate 2013
make a number which is divisible by 2, the first times. What is the biggest possible difference
3 digits make a number which is divisible by between two of the three resulting numbers?
three, the first 4 digits make a number which is (1) 1 (2) 2
divisible by 4 and all 5 digits make a number (3) 17 (4) 19
which is divisible by 5. 90. In the addition sum to the right, three digits
(1) It's not possible (2) 1 have been replaced with stars. How big is the
(3) 2 (4) 5 sum of the three missing digits?
85. Which answe completes the addition tree? (1) 0 (2) 1
(3) 2 (4) 3
91. How big is the difference between the
smallest five-digit and the biggest four-digit
number?
(1) 1 (2) 10
(3) 1111 (4) 9000
(1) 3 (2) 4 92. If the three digits of a three-digit number are
(3) 5 (4) 6 multiplied you get 135. Which result to you get,
86. In the following sum the same digit is used by adding the three digits?
in each square: = 176. (1) 14 (2) 15
Which digit must be used so that the sum is (3) 16 (4) 17
correct? 93. Kiara writes three single-digit numbers on
(1) 6 (2) 4 the board. Varun adds them and gets 15. Then
(3) 7 (4) 9 he deletes one of the three numbers and
87. The number 36 has the following property: replaces it with the number 3. Sara multiplies
36 can be divided by its units digit without a these three numbers and obtains 36. Which
remainder (36 is divisible by 6). With the numbers could Varun have deleted?
number 38 this doesn't work. How many (1) either 6 or 7 (2) either 7 or 8
(3) only 6 (4) only 7
94. Each day Alia writes down the date and then 99. Harshad writes the number 2581953764 on
adds together the individual digits. For instance a strip of paper. Twice he cuts through the strip
today on the 23rd March she writes 23. 03. and of paper between two digits and obtains three
calculates 2 +3+0+38. numbers which he adds. How big is the
What is the largest total she make in this way in smallest sum he can obtain in this way?
the course of a year? (1) 2675 (2) 2975
(1) 13 (3) 16 (3) 2978 (4) 4217
(2) 14 (4) 20 100. Tim, Tom and Jim are triplets. Their brother
95. 3 green apples, 5 yellow apples, 7 green Jom is exactly 3 years younger. All four are
pears and 2 yellow pears are in a sack. Without having their birthdays today. How old can the
looking, Sebastian takes either an apple or pear four brothers be altogether?
out of the sack. How many pieces of fruit must (1) 53 (2) 54
he take out of the sact to be sure of having at (3) 56 (4) 59
least one apple and one pear of the same 101. Tushar writes down all numbers that have
colour? the following properties:
(1) 10 (2) 11 The first digit is 1. Each of the following digits is
(3) 12 (4) 13 at least as big as the previous one. The sum of
96. Neha wants to make a cube from the paper the digits is 5. How many such numbers can
net. You can see there are 7 squares. Instead of Tushar write down?
6. Which square(s) can she remove from the (1) 4 (2) 5
net, so that the other 6 squares remain (3) 6 (4) 7
connected and from the newly formed net a 102. Vinay owns a few square tables and some
cube can be made? chairs for his little restaurant. If he sets out his
tables individually with 4 chairs each, then he is
6 chairs short. If he always puts two tables
together to create a bigger table with 6 chairs,
then he has 4 chairs left over.
(1) only 4 (2) only 7 How many tables does Vinay have?
(3) only 3 or 4 (4) only 3 or 7 (1) 8 (2) 10
97. Mikesh cuts a pizza into four equally big (3) 12 (4) 14
pieces. Then he cuts each piece into three 103. Pallavi has written numbers into 5 of the 10
equally big pieces. Into how many equally big circles. She wants to write numbers into the
pieces did Mikesh cut the pizza? remaining circles so that the sum of the three
(1) 3 (2) 4 numbers along every side of the pentagon is
(3) 7 (4) 12 always the same. Which number does she have
98. Manisha wants there to be a knife to the to write into the circle marked X?
right of every plate and a fork to the left of it. In
order to get the right order she always swaps
one fork with one knife. What is the minimum
number of swaps necessary?

(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 5
(1) 7 (2) 8 equally big. Five of the six numbers are 5, 6,
(3) 11 (4) 13 9,11 and 14. Which number is on the sixth face?
104. The symbols ○, □ and ◇ represent three (1) 7 (2) 8
different digits. If the digits of the number ○ □ (3) 13 (4) 15
○ are added, you receive the two-digit number 109. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have to be
□ ◇ If the digits of the two-digit number □ ◇ are written into the five fields of this diagram
added, you receive the single-digit number □. according to the following rules: If one number
Which digit is represented by ○ ? is below another number, it has to be greater; if
(1) 4 (2) 6 one number is to the right of another, it has to
(3) 8 (4) 9 be greater. How many ways are there to place
105. Two three-digit numbers are made up of the numbers?
six different digits. The first digit of the second
number is twice as big as the last digit of the
first number. (Note: 0 is also a digit but cannot
be the first digit of a number!)
How big is the smallest possible sum of the two
numbers? (1) 3 (2) 4
(1) 301 (2) 535 (3) 5 (4) 6
(3) 537 (4) 546 110. 8 kangaroos stand in a line as shown in
106. Four cards are placed in this order: picture 1. At some point, two kangaroos
standing side by side and facing each other
exchange places by jumping past each other
Which order cannot be obtained, if only two (see picture 2). This was repeated until no
cards are swapped? further jumps were possible.

How many exchanges were made?

(1) 2 (2) 10
(3) 12 (4) 13
111. Jyoti likes even numbers, Preeti likes
numbers that are divisible by three and Neha
107. Tom strings together the numbers from 1 numbers that are divisible by 5. In a basket
to 20 and obtains the 31-digit number there are 8 balls, each with one number written
1234567891011121314151617181920. Then on them. Each one of the three girls went to the
he deletes 24 digits of the number, so that the basket on their own and took all balls according
remaining number is as big as possible. Which to their preferences. Jyoti took 32 and 52, Preeti
number does he obtain? took 24, 33 and 45, and Neha took 20, 25 and
(1) 9671819 (2) 9567892 35. In which order did they go to the basket?
(3) 9781920 (4) 9912345 (1) Jyoti, Neha, Preeti(2) Neha, Preeti, Jyoti
108. There is a number written on every face of (3) Preeti, Jyoti, Neha(4) Preeti, Neha, Jyoti
a special die. The sum of the numbers, which 112. Sakshi wants to write a number into every
are on opposite sides to each other, is always free small triangle. The sum of the numbers in
two triangles with a common side should
always be the same. Two numbers are already Which of the following Maya-numbers stands
given. How big is the sum of all numbers in the for 17?
figure?
(1) (2)

(3) (4)
117. The sum of the dots on opposite sides of
an standard die is 7.
(1) 18 (2) 20
Which of the following dice could be an
(3) 21 (4) 22
standard die?
113. Instead of digits Deepak uses the letters A,
(1) (2)
B, C and D in a calculation. Different letters
(3) (4)
stand for different digits. Which digit does the
118. Lalita wants to colour in exactly one 2 × 2
letter B stand for?
square in the figure given.
A B C
+C B A
D DDD
(1) 0 (2) 2
(3) 4 (4) 5 How many ways are there for her to do that?
114. Three different digits A, B and Care (1) 5 (2) 6
chosen. Then the biggest possible six-digit (3) 7 (4) 8
number is built where the digit A appears 3 119. The six smallest odd natural numbers are
times, the digit B 2 times and the digit C 1 time. written on the sides of a die. Toni rolls the die
Which representation is definitely not possible three times and adds the numbers. Which sum
for this number? will Toni not be able to make?
(1) AAABBC (2) CAAABB (1) 19 (2) 21
(3) BBAAAC (4) AAABCB (3) 29 (4) 35
115. Banwari wants to split the numbers 2, 3, 4, 120. Arya Bhatt writes a number into the first
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 into some groups so that the circle. He then carries out the calculations as
sum of the numbers in each group is equally instructed and each time writes down the
big. What is the biggest number of groups he results in the respective circles. How many of
can build this way? the six numbers are divisible by 3?
(1) 2 (2) 3
(3) 4 (4) 6
116. The Mayas used points and lines to write (1) 1 (2) 2
numbers. A point stands for 1, a line for 5. (3) 1 or 2 (4) 2 or 3
Answer Key…
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 2 1 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 2
Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Answer 4 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 4 4
Question 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 3 1 3 2 3 1 3 1 3 2
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Answer 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Question 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Answer 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 1
Question 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Answer 3 1 3 2 2 4 2 2 1 3
Question 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Answer 1 3 3 4 3 1 2 4,2,1 3 2
Question 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Answer 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1
Question 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Answer 2 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 1
Question 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Answer 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 1
Question 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
Answer 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 4 4 4
Question 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Answer 4 3 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 2