XA 185

Armoured Personnel Carrier

Operation
and
Maintenance Manual
 XA 185
ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER

Patria Vehicles Oy
P.O. Box 186 Telefax: +358--3--6196 710
FIN--13101 HÄMEENLINNA Phone: +358--3--6451

Publication No: S005849

 CONTENTS

1 GENERAL
Warranty certificate
Type Sign, Transport, Storage

CONTROLS

2 Gauges, Indicator and warning lights, Switches

CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

STARTING

3 OPERATION
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

4
MAINTENANCE

5 Initial maintenance, Regular maintenance, Yearly maintenance

Chassis lubrication diagram, Inspection points and filling volumes

Engine

6 Cooling System
Fuel System

Transmission

7 Steering
Axles

Pneumatics, Brake System

8 Wheels
Electrics, Drive belts
System diagrams

TECHNICAL DATA

9
10 INDEX
 CONTENTS

DATA ON OWNER AND VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 6

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 7

XA- 185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 8
Armoured personnel carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 8

TYPE SIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 10

OPERATION CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 2
Gauges and switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 2
Indicator and warning lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 4

GAUGES AND INDICATOR LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 5

Oil pressure gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 5
Temperature gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 5
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 5
Air pressure gauge for the brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 6
Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 6
Tachometer and operating hour meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 6
Indicator light for parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 7
Warning lights for transmission oil temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 7

SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 8
Light switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 8
Combination switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 8

CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 9

Engine oil level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 9
automatic transmission oil level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 9
oil level in transfer gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 9
Coolant level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 10
Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 11
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 12
Service brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 12
Tyre pressures and wheel fastenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 12
Pneumatic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 13
Hydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 13

STARTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 2
Cold weather operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 3
Cold start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 4

DRIVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 6
Warm up operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 6
Start of driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 6
Start of driving during cold weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 6
Accelerator control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 7
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 8
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 8
Electronic Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 9
Gear selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 11
Gear selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 12

1. 2
 CONTENTS
(DRIVING)
Downshift or reverse inhibitor feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 14
Using the engine to slow the vehicle or equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 14
Gear preselection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 14
Service indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 14
Do not shift light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 15
Driving on ice or snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 17
Rocking out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 17
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 18
Running in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 19
Engine overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 19
Transmission overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 19
Engine stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 20

OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 21
Differential locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 21
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 21
Winch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 22
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 22
Swimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 24
Measures before and after swimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 24
Engagement of the swimming hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 24
Swimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 25
Coming ashore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 26
Fire extinguishing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 27
When the alarm takes place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 27
System operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 28
Testing of fire extinguisher system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 29
Brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 30
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 30
Parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 30
Safety valve (parking brakes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 30
Notify during cold period of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 31
Mechanical releasing of parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 31
Heating and ventilation of the driver’s cabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 32
Heating of troop compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 32
Winter operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 33
Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 33
Electric engine heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 33
Auxiliary heater (fuel driven) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 34
Engine pre-- heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 34
Cabin heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 34
Stopping of the heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 34
Heater functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 35
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 35
Removing of auxiliary heater from the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 35
Vehicle Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 36

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 1
Fixing of the stretcher supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 2
Air conditioning unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 3
Setting of the cabin inside temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 3

MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2
Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2
Maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2

1. 3
 CONTENTS
(MAINTENANCE)
Initial maintenance of new vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 3
Service instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 3
Daily checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 4
Weekly checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 4
Initial maintenance 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 5
Initial maintenance 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 7
Regular maintenance 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 9
Regular maintenance 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 11
Regular maintenance 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 12
Yearly maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 13
Follow up list of regular maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 15
Follow--up of Yearly Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 16
Lubrication diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 17
Inspection locations and filling quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 18
Lubrication oils and liquid recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 19

SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 2
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 2
Air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 2
Turbocharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 3
Basic inspection of the turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 3
Crankshaft vibration damper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 4
Oil change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 5
Change of oil filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 5
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 6
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 6
Filling and draining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 7
Water pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 8
Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 9
Replacement of fuel filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 9
Bleeding of the fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 10
Injection pump and injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 11
Removing of the injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 11
Installation of the injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 12
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 2
Periodic inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 2
Importance of correct oil level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 2
Oil level check (by gear selector) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 3
Trouble codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 3
Oil level check (by dipstick) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 4
Quality of oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 5
Keeping oil clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 5
Oil and filter change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 6
Transmission breather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 7
Transfer gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 8
Oil level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 8
Oil change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 9
Steering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 10
Oil level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 10
Oil and filter change, system bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 10
Axles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 12
Oil level checks in differentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 12
Oil level check in wheel hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 13
Oil changes in differentials and wheel hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 14

1. 4
 CONTENTS
(SERVICE)
Front axles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 15
Lubrication of king pins and steering joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 15
Lubrication of universal joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 15
Propeller shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 15
Lubrication of universal joints and support bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 15
Pneumatic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 2
Inspection of system tightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 3
Compressor condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 3
Air Dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 3
Brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 4
Brake chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 4
Slack adjusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 5
Slack adjuster stroke inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 5
Brake linings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 6
Lubrication of wheel brake equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 6
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 7
Wheel nut tightening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 7
Tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 7
Fuses and relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 8
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 9
Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 9
Electric equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 10
Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 10
Level checks of battery electrolyte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 11
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 11
Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 12
Starter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 12
Inspection of drive belt tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 13
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 1
Dimensions and Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 2
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 2
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 2
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 3
Transfer gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 3
Axles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 3
Tyres, disc wheels and wheel chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 4
Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 4
Steering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 4
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 4
Winch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 4
Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 5
Pneumatic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 5
Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 5
Cold starting system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 5
Electric system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 6
Swimming equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 6
Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 6
Trailer connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 6
Doors and hatches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 6
Cabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 6
STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 7
Short term storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 7
Basic terms of the storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 7
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 7
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 2
1. 5
 DATA ON OWNER AND VEHICLE

Owner or holder
Address
Phone
Registeration no. of the vehicle
Chassis model
Chassis no.
Engine
Delivery date
Representative (seller)
Phone

1. 6
 PREFACE

The purpose of this manual is to explain to Follow the maintenance program

you the operation and service of a SISU given in the manual, and always use rec-
vehicle in as great details as possible. ommended lubricants and original com-
Even if you were previously familiar with ponents and spare parts. Whenever you
SISU, we recommend you to read this need maintenance or workshop services,
book carefully. You will certainly find please turn to a Patria Vehicles Oy ser-
new things and details to which you have vice department.
not paid adequate attention. Follow the We reserve the right to constructional
instructions given. By doing so you can be and dimensional changes, which may
sure that your SISU will do its tasks in an cause changes in the contents of this book.
efficient and reliable way.

Patria Vehicles Oy
Service Department

1. 7
 SISU XA 185
Armoured personnel carrier

The development of SISU XA 185 basic which improve the protection against sus-
model has been based on efficient mov- tained fire.
ing, similar construction to terrain The shape and material of the wheel
vehicles, variability, and good protection. wells do reduce the pressure and splinter
The vehicle is all wheel driven (6 x 6), effect of mines and prevent the interior
built on a self--supporting armoured chas- destruction caused by the vehicle’s parts.
sis. The four front wheels are steering. The fuel tanks — one on each side —
The engine, transmission, tyres, pneu- and the hydraulic oil tank are so designed
matic and electric equipment, winch and that an exploding mine or other impact
several small spare parts are either exactly will not cause combustible liquids to enter
the same or — regarding service and the interior of the vehicle. The outer walls
repair — similar to the parts used in Patria of the tanks are made of armoured steel.
Vehicles Oy’s vehicle production; mainly The automatic transmission, four--
in terrain trucks. wheel power steering, 6--wheel drive and
The body of the wagon is mainly made spring suspension with shock absorbers
of armoured steel and dimensioned make operation of the vehicle easy and
against 7.62 caliber piercing shells; thus, safe in normal traffic, in the terrain or in
it is also splinter--proofed. The sealed emergency situations.
construction, ventilation system and inte- The controls of the vehicle are similar
rior lining make the vehicle capable of to those of a car with automatic transmis-
functioning in NBC conditions. The basic sion, and do not therefore require continu-
model is designed so that it is easy to ous attention of the driver. He can concen-
install very advantaged NBC protection trate on observing the external conditions
systems. and other functions. In cases of raid, the
The windows of the vehicle are bullet-- vehicle can move from the road into the
proof up to the above mentioned level. terrain without stopping, because it is con-
The glasses of the driver’s cabin can fur- tinuously capable of moving in the terrain
ther be protected by turnable steel flaps — also when on a road.

1. 8
 SISU XA 185
Armoured personnel carrier

Regarding the protection, the wagon is ability to move in the snow, to cross
always ready for combat without any ditches and to climb have been empha-
preparations. The construction aims at sized.
maintaining the troops’ combat effective- All the wheels can be equipped with
ness also during long marches. normal wheel chains and plate--type pro-
The ability to move on a road is well tective chains, which makes the ground
described by a speed of over 95 kilome- pressure essentially lower.
ters/hour and a range of 850 kilometers. The ability to move in the terrain is
The handling characteristics and safety completed by the Finnish Katsa winch.
correspond at least to the general standard The vehicle will maintain its safe
of road vehicles; thus, top speeds and high floating capability with a load of up to
situational speeds can also be used in dif- 2,5 tons, of which more than 1.000 kilos
ficult road conditions, if necessary. can be placed on the roof.
Regarding the terrain properties, the

1. 9
 TYPE SIGN

Manufacturer

Type--approval number The vehicle is fitted with a type sign, where are
Vehicle identification
number
YK9 XAV310 *D004*** manufacturing nr. (chassis nr.), max GVW (for
Max. permissible gross
vehicle mass (GVM):
on--road, off--road and swimming opeartions),
-- on road 19 000 kg axle loads and vehicle type indicated.
-- off road and swimming 16 000 kg
Max. permissible gross
Type sign is located inside the cabin, on the
combination mass (GCM): kg wall behind the driver seat.
Axle masses:

1. Axle 1 -- 7 500 kg
The manufacturing No. (chassis No.) is also
7 500 kg
stamped--out the body at the left front tyre.
2. Axle 2 --
3. Axle 3 -- 7 500 kg
Vehicle type XA--185 VK

Type code of the SISU XA 185 VK 6x6 Armoured wheeled vehicle:

X A 185 VKH 6x6 1900 + 1900

Series sign
Off--road vehicle
Engine power
185 kW
Development version
Engine, VALMET
Spring suspension,
leaf springs
Body sign
The total number of
wheels x number of drive
wheels
Wheelbase [mm]
Wheelbase [mm]

1. 10
CONTROLS, GAUGES, INDICATOR
LIGHTS AND SWITCHES

CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

2. 1
 OPERATION CONTROLS

GAUGES AND SWITCHES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

37 36
40 39 38 35

41 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24

42

1. Fuel gauge, left tank 14. Propeller switch (LH)

2. Fuel gauge, right tank 15. Selector switch -- swimming/winch
3. Coolant temperature gauge hydraulics. Automatic operation of
bilge pump (swimming position).
4. Tachometer and operating hour
meter 16. Propeller switch (RH)

5. Speedometer with odometer 17. Map light

6. Indicator lights (. page 2. 4) 18. Adjustment of instrument lights

7. Air pressure gauge, brake system 19. Switch for hazard

(front circuit) 20 Auxiliary heater
8. Indicator lights (. page 2. 4) 22. Switch for flashing beacon (beacon
9. Key switch / Starting switch on the roof) (optional)

10. Electric outlet (24 V) 23. Windscreen heating (optional)

11. Switch for heater fan 24. Auxiliary fan (Optional)

12. Switch for winch operation 25. Flag light (Optional)

13. Operation switch for hydraulic 26. Auxiliary high beam

pump 27. Fire extinguishingher center

2. 2
 OPERATION CONTROLS

28. Winch drum release 37. Brake pedal

29. Hand throttle 38. Engine oil pressure gauge
30. Parking brake 39. Voltmeter
31. Safety valve (parking brake) 40. Spare
41. Combination switch
32. Operation switch for differential
-- direction indicator
locks
-- light selection low beam / high
33. Light switch beam
34. Gear selector -- windshield wiper (slow/fast/
intermittent)
35. Air pressure gauge, brake system -- washer
(rear circuit) -- horn
36. Accelerator pedal 42. Steering wheel

2. 3
 OPERATION CONTROLS

INDICATOR AND WARNING LIGHTS

1 4 5 8

2 3 6 7

9 12 13 16

10 11 14 15

1. Direction indicators 9. Warning light for overheat of trans-

mission oil (oil temperature too
2 Indicator light for alternator
high)
3. Warning light for engine oil pres- 10. Indicator light, parking brake
sure
11. Coolant (too high temperature)
4. Indicator light, high beam
12. Warning light for brake system (air
5. Indicator light for differential locks pressure is too low)
6. DO NOT SHIFT warning light 13. Signal light for hydraulic pump
engaged
7. Rear door open, warning light
14. Coolant low level warning light
8. Warning light for overheat of trans-
fer gear box oil (oil temperature too 15. Spare
high) 16 Bilge pump operating

2. 4
 GAUGES AND INDICATOR LIGHTS

OIL PRESSURE GAUGE If the engine temperature rises abnor-

mally, stop the vehicle and set the gear
The oil pressure gauge shows the pressure selector to neutral (N) and run the engine
of the lubricating oil circulating in the at 1200--1500 RPM. This should make the
engine system. engine coolant temperature go down to
normal in a short period of time.
If the temperature remains high, stop
the engine and find out the cause. If the
cooling system is in proper condition, the
transmission may be overheated

Valmet 612 engine oil pressure is: VOLTMETER

• idling 1.5 bar (150 kPa)
• with operation speeds 3.0--5.0 bar
(300--500 kPa)
If the pressure is decreased below these
values, stop the engine immediately and
find out the cause of the disturbance.

TEMPERATURE GAUGE
The correct operating temperature of the
While the engine is stopped, the voltmeter
engine coolant is 73--91 °C. Keep an eye
shows the voltage of the batteries, which
on the thermometer to maintain the tem-
is 24 V.
perature within these limits.
The warning light comes on when the During normal running, the voltmeter
coolant temperature goes up to 93 °C. shows the charging voltage of the alterna-
tor which should be between 24 -- 30 V
depending on the charge of the batteries.

The generator is not charging if the

meter shows 24 V while the engine
is running.

2. 5
 GAUGES AND INDICATOR LIGHTS

AIR PRESSURE GAUGE FOR THE The vehicle has two separate fuel
BRAKE SYSTEM tanks. There is a separate fuel meter and
separate shut--off cocks for both the tanks,
In the instrument panel there are two air . page 2. 11.
pressure gauges, one for each brake cir- The gauges will work after the current
cuits. has been put on by using the ignition key.
Monitor fuel gauges for running out of
fuel. Change over by the cocks early
enough to avoid possible air problems in
the fuel system.
Change over between both fuel tanks,
but start operation with LH side tank.
When the fuel level in the tank in opera-
tion has lowered to last quarter — change
The normal tank pressure is 7--8 bar over into another tank supply.
(700--800 kPa).
The braking pressure depends on the TACHOMETER AND OPERATING
position of the brake pedal, i.e. the HOUR METER
strength of the braking. Do not start driv- The tachometer shows the running speed
ing the vehicle before the tank pressure of the engine crankshaft.
has risen over 5 bar (500 kPa).
The warning light comes on when the
tank pressure for some reason decreases
under 5 bar (500 kPa).

FUEL GAUGE

The meter shows the amount of fuel in the

tank.
Monitor the tachometer and use the gear
selector and accelerator pedal so that
engine operates as a sufficiently high
speed with regard to the load, that is, at
higher speeds with heavy loads and lower
speed with light loads. Avoid low--rev
dragging of the engine.
The scale is divided into four parts. The The operating hour meter shows the
volume of one tank is ≈145 dm3. vehicle’s running time in hours

2. 6
 GAUGES AND INDICATOR LIGHTS

INDICATOR LIGHT FOR PARKING BRAKE

When the parking brake is engaged, the handle is turned to release, the tank pres-
corresponding indicator light on the dash- sure of the brake system is too low, and
board is also on reminding the driver to therefore the parking brake is not
release the brake when starting off. If the released.
light remains on when the parking brake

Indicator light for parking brake

WARNING LIGHTS
FOR TRANSMISSION OIL TEMPERATURE
The warning light for transmission oil at 1200--1500 RPM. This should lower
temperature comes on if the oil tempera- the high oil temperature to normal level in
ture of the transmission oil is too high. a few minutes.
This may happen when driving in the ter- • The normal operation temperature of
rain at low speeds for a long time. the transmission oil is approx. +71 …
If the warning light for transmission +93 °C.
oil temperature comes on stop the vehicle
and select neutral (N), and run the engine • The warning light comes on at 121 °C.

Warning light for overheat of

transfer gearbox oil
Warning light for overheat of
transmission oil

2. 7
 SWITCHES

LIGHT SWITCH

The light switch controls the parking 1 = Parking lights on (brake lights,
lights and headlights as well as war lights. direction indicators, high beam
When war lights are needed, press the flasher, hazard, flag lights and
securing pin in the middle of the switch reverse lights operate normally)
down, and push the catch pin at the side to 2 = Head lights on (brake lights, direc-
the other side. Press and rotate the button tion indicators, hazard, flag lights
to turn on the war lights. and reverse lights operate nor-
0 = No lights (also direction indicators, mally)
brake lights, flag lights and reverse S1 = Convoy light, war brake lights
lights are disabled) S2 = War lights at front
Tag=Normal running position (brake
S3 = War lights at front and rear, war
lights, direction indicators, high brake lights
beam flasher, hazard, flag and
reverse lights operate normally)

Combination switch

COMBINATION SWITCH

The direction indicator, change between windshield washer on the outer rim. Posi-
low and high beam, high beam flasher, tion J is the intermittent position of wind-
horn and windshield wiper and washer are shield wiper.
all controlled by the combination switch The high beam flasher works also in
on the left hand side of the steering wheel. emergency situations, if the light fuse has
There are two press buttons at the end blown for some reason.
of switch lever: the horn in the middle and

2. 8
 CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

ENGINE OIL LEVEL OIL LEVEL IN TRANSFER

GEARBOX
Engine oil level check is done on the
vehicle roof. Open first large maintenance
hatch, and then you can reach to dipstick. Oil level in the transfer gearbox is
checked inside the cab.

Dipstick is RH side front of the gearbox.

Oil level has to be between markings of
the dipstick.

The dipstick is on the right side of the

engine. The oil level must be between the
markings of the dipstick. If the level is
within the lower mark or below it, add rec-
ommended oil.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION OIL

LEVEL CHECK

Oil level in the automatic transmission

can be checked quickly by gear selector, If oil level is within lower mark or below
. page 7. 3 it fill oil of recommended quality.

2. 9
 CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

COOLANT LEVEL

Check coolant level if coolant level warn-

ing light on the dashboard comes on. If
necessary, add the recommended mixture
of antifreeze and water, same type which
is used in the cooling system (. pages
5. 19 and 6. 6).
Carry out the check--up and adding of
the coolant through large maintenance
hatch of the engine compartment, on the
roof of the vehicle.

2. 10
 CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

FUEL SYSTEM
Injector
When tanks are full, start
Reservoir of the Ther- always with the LH fuel
mostart devece
tank by turning fuel cocks to
Fuel filters
respective position (. Figure,
Positions of fuel cocks).
Fuel tanks
Fuel return from injectors and injection
pump is routed to LH side fuel tank.
Feed pump
Injection Fuel filling (on both sides of vehicle)
pump

Fuel cocks

Fuel cocks of the fuel tanks are located

inside the wagon, behind of the driver seat
on rear wall on the left side at the cabin.
The fuel system is breath-
Right side fuel tank used ing through the fuel filling
plugs.

Ensure that breathing holes in the filling

cap are clean and free from debris.
If the tank is operated completely empty,
air will enter into fuel system. System will
be bled automatically after fuel refilling
within engine starting. If there is doubt of
Left side fuel tank used engine starting due to air in the system,
bleed system according to respective
Figure, Positions of fuel cocks instructions, . page 6. 10.

2. 11
 CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

LIGHTS mendations of the vehicle manufacturer.

Carry out an visual inspection of the
wheel nuts every day when starting off
• Perform checks carefully.

Check the headlights and parking lights

and direction indicator lights daily.
Avoid using head lights when the vehicle
is stationary.

SERVICE BRAKES

The tyre pressure is determined according

to the tyre size, construction, load and
driving speed.
See recommended tyre pressures for
all the tyres of the vehicle during normal
driving . page 9. 4.
Vehicle is equipped with safety tyres
if there is a stamping ”T”on the disc wheel
under the tyre charking valve.
Perform service brake test in safe area. If
there is slightest disturbance in the brake
operation, vehicle have to be taken out of
service. Disturbance and its cause have to
be repaired.

TYRE PRESSURES AND WHEEL

FASTENINGS
T

Always check before starting off that the

tyre pressures are according to the recom-

2. 12
 CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Always when it is expected that the tem- These vehicles are fitted with air driers,
perature is decreased, even if temporarily, which keeps humidity outside the pneu-
to 0 °C or below 0 °C during 24 hours. If matic system, .,Maintenace, page 8. 3
there any doubts of water in the system,
drainage must be done unconditionally
because otherwise freezing condensing
water will cause operational disturbances.
There are draining valves at the bot-
tom of the tanks. The valves are opened by
pulling the valve ring sideways.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Oil level check in the hydraulic system is
done in troop compartment inside the
vehicle (on the tank on LH side).

2. 13
 STARTING, DRIVING,
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

3. 1
 STARTING

P Parking
0 Not used
I Drive position
II Thermostart
position
III Starting

• Check that the parking brake is

engaged. If the vehicle starts in any
range except neutral (N),
• Check that the main switch is turned service should be requested
on. immediately.

• Start the engine by turning the ignition Every time the engine is started, the
key clockwise to starting position and DO NOT SHIFT light comes on then goes
press the accelerator pedal. Release off after a few seconds. This momentary
the key immediately after the engine lighting is to show that the light circuit is
has started. working properly. If the light does not
come on during engine start, or if the light
The warning light for oil pressure shall
remains on after ignition, the system
go out after the engine has been
should be checked immediately.
started.
If the engine does not start, wait a
• Under normal operation conditions, moment before trying again. It is prefera-
neutral (N) is selected in the transmis- ble to start the engine in longer periods, at
sion by the ECU during the startup which the self--ignition of the fuel
procedure. Engine will not start if becomes possible as the temperature in
transmission is not in neutral (N). the cylinders rises.

3. 2
 STARTING

COLD WEATHER OPERATION

The vehicle is equipped with the follow- mostarter device, which after a short
ing cold starting aids: period after start of pre--heating, will
burn fuel in air intake manifold and by
— Electric engine heater operated by this way heat intake air (See page
main electric supply. 3. 4, Cold start) .
The electric connection is located on
— Additional fuel device in the injection
the roof.
pump
— Thermostarter (pre--heating device) — Diesel fuel driven auxiliary heater sys-
In low temperatures, e.g. below tem. The unit is located in LH side rear
--15 °C, it is advisable to use the Ther- of the engine compartment.

3. 3
 STARTING

(COLD WEATHER OPERATION)

Cold start

P Parking
0 Not used
I Drive position
II Thermostart
position
III Starting

• Check that the parking brake is • Start the engine by turning the ignition
engaged. key further clockwise to start posi-
• Check that the main switch is turned tion (III). When the engine is started
on. turn the ignition key to Thermostart
• Under normal operation conditions, position (II) and keep it there until the
neutral (N) is selected in the transmis- engine runs smooth with all cylinders.
sion by the ECU during the startup Release the ignition key from Ther-
procedure. Engine will not start if mostart position to drive position (I).
transmission is not in neutral (N). If engine does not start within approx.
20--30 seconds, stop starting. Return the
If the vehicle starts in any key to thermostart position (II) and keep
range except neutral (N), it in this position approx. 20--30 seconds:
service should be requested Start again and when engine is started
immediately. return the key to thermostart position (II)
and keep it there until engine runs smooth
• Press the accelerator pedal completely by all cylinders. Release the key from
down. thermostart position (II) to running posi-
• Turn the ignition key clockwise to tion (I) and fuel supply to thermostart--
thermostart position (II). Keep the key device will be cut off.
in this position 20 -- 25 seconds (You After the engine has started, keep
can see a voltage drop in voltmeter engine speed at approx. 1000--1500 RPM.
when thermostart--device engages). Longest permitted period of Thermo-
start position after the engine is started
is ≈1 minute.

3. 4
 STARTING

(COLD WEATHER OPERATION)

(Cold start)
If cold starting spray has to be used,
detach the electric wire of the thermo-
start device and insulate the end of the
wire.
During cold season use electrical
engine heater always when it is possible.
During cold season use diesel fuel
driven auxiliary heater when needed.
Diesel fuel driven auxiliary heater can
be used also during vehicle operation.
Never use starting sprays
and thermostarter device
simultaneously (danger of explo-
sion).

Use of additional fuel device in injection pump

Use the additional fuel device in the injec-
tion pump only in case the Thermostarter
device is out of order.
• Turn the ignition key to drive position,
press accelerator pedal fully down and
pull hand accelerator cable com-
pletely out and lock it to its position.
After this pull additional fuel control
knob out by its ring so that the device Start the engine by normal way. When the
is triggered. The control knob is engine starts, press accelerator pedal and
located at injector pump governor release the hand accelerator cable and
housing. release the accelerator pedal near to low
idle position and additional fuel device
will return automatically to normal driv-
ing position.

3. 5
 DRIVING

WARM UP OPERATION • Start of driving.

Let engine after the start run by low speed Start of driving during cold weather
-- approx. 1000 rpm without load. When Automatic transmission is programmed to
the warning light for low air pressure has restrict full operation until specific tem-
gone off you can start drive operation. peratures are reached. Refer to the follow-
Avoid unnecessary low idle. ing chart for temperature restrictions.

START OF DRIVING Table

Sump oil tem- DO Operation
perature NOT
SHIFT
warning
light
--32_ and OFF Neutral, Re-
Never start driving when the warning light
below verse, Second
for low air pressure is on, because the air
pressure in the tanks is too low. --31…--7 °C OFF Neutral, Re-
verse, Second
The warning light goes off when the pres-
--7_ and OFF Full operation
sure has risen to 5 bar (500 kPa)
above in all gears

Before driving off: Table (For some early software versions)

• Let engine run by reasonable speed
Sump oil tem- DO Operation
until the warning light for low air pres- perature NOT
sure has gone off (and air pressure in SHIFT
the tanks is adequate). warning
light
• Release parking brake by lifting the
handle and turning it to driving posi- --32_ and ON Neutral only
tion. below
If the parking brake cannot be released --31…--7 °C OFF Neutral, First,
(warning light does not go off), release Second, or
the safety valve in the dashboard by Reverse
pushing its knob down (. page 3. 30, --7_ and OFF Full operation
Parking brake safety valve ). above in all gears

3. 6
 DRIVING

Safety valve ACCELERATOR CONTROL

(parking brake)
The position of the accelerator pedal
influences the timing at which automatic
shifting occurs. When the pedal is fully
depressed, upshifts will occur automati-
cally at high engine speeds. A partially
Warning light for depressed position of the pedal will cause
brake system the upshifts to occur at lower engine
speeds. An electronic signal tells the ECU
Indicator light how much the operator has depressed the
for parking pedal. So operator can easily affect shift-
brake ing characteristics.

WARNING!
Shifts from neutral (N) to
drive (D) or reverse (R) are pre-
vented at excessive throttle posi-
tion.
The directional change shift will
WARNING! occur as soon as the reduced
Never load the engine fully throttle position is reached. Be
for longer than 10 seconds at a sure that the throttle is in the
time, when a gear range is closed position when shifting from
selected and the vehicle does not neutral (N) to drive (D) or re-
move. verse (R).

3. 7
 DRIVING

TRANSMISSION
Main transmission of the vehicle is 6 -- a separate transfer gearbox in the drive
speed automatic transmission, which is line where traction power is transmitted
directly mounted on the engine. There is via propeller shafts to axles.

(Engine)

Transfer gearbox Automatic transmission

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Allison automatic transmission include
electronic control system, a torque con-
verter with lockup and torsion damper,
and three planetary gear sets.

3. 8
 DRIVING

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION)

Electronic Control System Unit (ECU), engine throttle position

sensor, three speed sensors, shift selec-
The electronic Control System consists tor, and control module (which con-
of five major components connected by tains solenoid valves and a pressure
wiring harnesses --- Electronic Control switch)

The throttle position sensor, speed sen- located on the control module in the trans-
sors, pressure switch, and shift selector mission. These solenoids control both the
transmit information to the ECU. The oncoming and offgoing clutch pressures
ECU processes this information and then during a shift.
sends signals to actuate specific solenoids

3. 9
 DRIVING

(Electronic Control System) Each shift is measured electronically,

stored and used by the ECU to adapt and
“learn” the optimum conditions for future
clutch apply and release. It is important to
note that if the shift quality of low mileage
vehicles or vehicles with new or re cali-
brated ECU’s is unacceptable, simply
drive the vehicle through its shift ranges
for a while. After this “learning” period,
In addition to controlling the operation of any rough shifting will be corrected and
the transmission, the ECU monitors the shift quality will be restored.
system for conditions that could result in The ECU is programmed to provide
damage to the transmission or improper the most suitable operating characteristics
vehicle operation. When one of these for a specific application. This handbook
conditions is detected, the ECU is pro- does not attempt to describe all of the pos-
grammed to respond automatically in a sible combinations. The information con-
manner which will ensure safe operation tained herein describes only the operating
of the vehicle and the transmission. characteristics most frequently requested
Another feature of this transmission is by the vehicle or equipment manufacturer.
its ability to adapt or “learn” as it operates.

3. 10
 DRIVING

GEAR SELECTOR

The push--button--button shift selector has MONITOR display. In Drive, selection of

R, N, D, ⇑, ⇓ and, a MODE button, and a specific gear can be accomplished by
a digital display. When a range button has pressing the UP or DOWN arrow buttons.
been pressed, a tone will sound, the Conditions resulting in the DO NOT
SELECT indicator displays the chosen SHIFT light located on the instrument
operation (if the ECU determines the shift panel will disable the pad and no tone will
is acceptable), and the transmission will sound. (. page 3. 15 for detailed
shift to the initial range as indicated on the explanation of the DO NOT SHIFT light.)

3. 11
 DRIVING

(GEAR SELECTOR) GEAR SELECTION

A MODE button is located shift selector

to activate a second shift schedule when
desirable. The mode being utilized is
identified above the MODE button. The
display will indicate MODE ON, when
the secondary shift schedule is activated.
The secondary shift schedule for SISU--
vehicle is so called ECONOMY--sched-
ule, which causes upshifts to occur on In the event the operator
lower RPM:s. Economy range can be used leaves the vehicle, even
in good driving conditions in order to save momentarily, while the engine is
fuel. running, be sure that the transmis-
With an Allison MD--transmission sion is in neutral (N), parking
equipped vehicle, it is not necessary to brakes are set and properly
select the right moment to upshift or engaged, and the wheels are
downshift during the changing road and chocked. Unexpected and pos-
traffic conditions. The Allison MD--trans- sible sudden vehicle movement
mission does it for you. However, knowl- may occur if these precautions
edge of the gear ranges and when to select are not taken.
them will make vehicle control and your
job even easier. R
The vehicle must be completely stopped
before shifting from forward range to
Reverse or from Reverse to forward
range. The SELECT indicator will display
R and the MONITOR will display R when
Reverse is attained.

3. 12
 DRIVING

(GEAR SELECTION) 5, 4, 3, 2
Occasionally, the road conditions, load, or
N traffic conditions will make it desirable to
restrict the automatic shifting to a lower
Use Neutral to start the engine, to check gear. Lower gears provide progressively
vehicle accessories, and for extended greater engine braking for going down
periods of engine idle operation. Under grades (the lower the gear, the greater the
normal operation, the transmission is braking effect).
directed by the ECU to Neutral during the
Push the ⇑ (up) or ⇓ (down) arrow to
start--up procedure. This occurs automati-
the desired gear. The SELECT indicator
cally with the push--button selector. If the
will display your choice and the MON-
vehicle starts in any range except Neutral,
ITOR will display the current operating
seek service immediately. Neutral is also
range. Even though a lower range was se-
used during stationary operation of the
lected, the transmission may not down-
power takeoff. The SELECT indicator
shift until vehicle speed is reduced.
will display N (neutral) and the MON-
ITOR will display N when neutral is at- 1
tained.
Use this gear when pulling through mud
and deep snow, when maneuvering in
tight spaces, or while driving up or down
WARNING! grades. First gear provides the vehicle
Do not allow your vehicle with its maximum driving power and
to coast in Neutral. This practice maximum engine braking power.
can result in transmission dam-
age. Also, no engine braking is
available in Neutral. WARNING!
The transmission incorpo-
rates a hold feature to prohibit
upshifting above the gear
selected during normal driving.
D For downhill operation, select a
The transmission will attain first gear lower transmission range. How-
when D is selected, and as the speed ever, if engine governed speed is
increases, the transmission will upshift exceeded in the held range, the
automatically through each gear. As the transmission may upshift to the
vehicle slows, the transmission will next higher range. Use the vehicle
downshift automatically. The SELECT brakes or retarder to prevent ex-
indicator will display the highest gear ceeding engine governed speed
available and the MONITOR will display in the held range.
the current operating gear.

3. 13
 DRIVING

DOWNSHIFT OR REVERSE GEAR PRESELECTION

INHIBITOR FEATURE
Gear preselection means selection of a
Although there is no speed limitation on lower gear to match driving conditions
upshifting, there is on downshifting and you encounter or expect to encounter.
shifts from Neutral into Drive or Reverse. Learning to take advantage of preselected
If a downshift or Neutral--to--range shift is shifts will give you better control on slick
selected when the engine speed is too or icy roads and on downgrades. Down-
high, the ECU will prevent the shift from shifting to lower gears increases engine
occurring until N (neutral) is reselected braking. The selection of a lower gear
and/or the shift is made at a lower speed. often prevents cycling between a gear and
If idle speed is too high, shifts to range are the next higher gear on a series of short
inhibited. A continuous “beep” tone is up--and--down hills.
emitted if R (reverse) is selected during
forward movement or a Neutral--to--range
shift is selected at too high an engine SERVICE INDICATOR LIGHT
speed.
The illumination of this light notifies the
USING THE ENGINE TO SLOW operator that the transmission ECU is not
THE VEHICLE OR EQUIPMENT receiving required input signals. Al-
though the transmission can continue to
To use the engine as a braking force, select operate, service advice should be prompt-
the next lower gear. If the vehicle is ly sought.
exceeding the maximum speed for this
gear, use the service brakes to slow the The SERVICE indicator light is located in
vehicle. When a lower speed is reached, the digital display window of the pushbut-
the ECU will downshift automatically the ton and lever shift selectors. The SER-
transmission. Engine braking provides VICE indicator light will illuminate and
good speed control for going down then turn off after a few seconds each time
grades. When the vehicle is heavily the engine is started. This momentary
loaded, or the grade is steep, it may be lighting shows that the status light is op-
desirable to pre select a lower gear before erational. Whenever the SERVICE indi-
reaching the grade. If engine speed is cator light does not illuminate during
exceeded, the transmission will upshift start--up or if the light remains illumi-
automatically to the next gear to prevent nated~ have the system checked immedi-
damage to the engine. ately.

3. 14
 DRIVING

DO NOT SHIFT LIGHT

remains on after ignition, the system
should be checked immediately.

DO NOT SHIFT (DNS) LIGHT

Illumination of this light, accompa-
nied by 8 seconds of short beeps from
the shift selector, indicates that shifts
are being restricted. The SELECT
digit on the display will be blank.
Operation may continue in order to
reach service assistance. The ECU
The electronic control system is pro- may not respond to shift selector
grammed to inform you of a problem with requests since operating limitations
the transmission system and automati- are being placed on the transmission;
cally take action to protect the operator, i.e., upshifts and downshifts may be
vehicle, and transmission. A diagnostic restricted. Direction changes will not
code will be registered when the DO NOT occur.
SHIFT (DNS) light is on and also when While the DNS light is on, the ECU
other conditions are diagnosed which do will not respond to operator requests.
not require the DO NOT SHIFT light to be The ECU will cause the transmission
on. to shift to a safe gear and a Hold--In--
Every time the engine is started, the Range, disengage the lockup clutch.
DO NOT SHIFT light comes on then goes When the DNS light comes on and
off after a few seconds. This momentary the ignition switch is turned off, the
lighting is to show that the light circuit is transmission will remain in N (neu-
working properly. If the light does not tral) until the DNS light is cleared.
come on during engine start, or if the light

3. 15
 DRIVING

(DO NOT SHIFT LIGHT)

Reset procedure to clear DO NOT
SHIFT light and restore operation
When the DO NOT SHIFT light comes
on, a reset procedure can be performed to
clear the system.
• Bring the vehicle to a stop at a safe
location
• Apply parking brakes
• Simultaneously press the ⇑ (up) and
⇓ (down) arrow buttons twice
• Press and hold the MODE button until
a tone is heard. Then release the button
Hold--In--Range Feature if DO NOT
and the transmission will return to nor-
SHIFT is Active
mal operation.**
Range Selected Allowed Operating ** If the condition is temporary, the DO
or Attained Range* NOT SHIFT light will not come back on
R, N N and your vehicle will operate in a nor-
Converter Lockup
mal manner.
1 3
Disengaged If the condition is not temporary, the
2, 3, 4, 5 4 DO NOT SHIFT light may come back
6 5 on and the transmission may remain
inhibited or operate in a normal man-
* Only in case of power loss or ECU ner until the condition is detected
shutdown. Some conditions cause the again. The type of operation permitted
transmission to stay in the same by the ECU will depend on the type of
range. Direction changes do not occur. condition.

3. 16
 DRIVING

DRIVING ON ICE OR SNOW are stuck and not turning, do not apply full
power for more than 30 seconds. Full
power for more than 30 seconds under
these conditions will cause the transmis-
sion to overheat. If the transmission over-
heats, shift to Neutral and operate the
engine at 1200 -- 1500 RPM until it cools
(2--3 minutes).
If the vehicle is stuck in deep sand,
snow, or mud, it may be possible to rock
it out by following way:
Shift to Drive and apply steady, light
throttle (never full throttle). When the
Here is where all of your ability as a pro- vehicle has rocked forward as far as it
fessional driver comes into focus regard- will go, apply and hold the vehicle ser-
less of what transmission you have. If pos- vice brakes. Allow the engine to return
sible, reduce your speed and select a lower to idle; then select Reverse. Release
gear before you lose traction. Select the the brakes and apply a steady, light
gear that will not exceed the speed you throttle and allow the vehicle to rock
expect to maintain. Accelerate or deceler- in Reverse as far as it will go. Again,
ate very gradually to prevent losing trac- apply and hold the service brakes and
tion. It is very important to slow gradually allow the engine to return to idle. This
when a lower gear is selected. It is impor- procedure may be repeated in Drive
tant that you reach the lower gear selected and Reverse if each directional shift
before attempting to accelerate. This will continues to move the vehicle a
avoid an unexpected downshift during greater distance.
acceleration.

ROCKING OUT Never make Neutral--to--

Drive or directional shift
CAUTION: DO NOT make Neutral--to-- changes when the engine rpm is
Drive or directional shift changes when above idle.
the engine rpm is above idle. If the wheels

3. 17
 DRIVING

PARKING
This transmission is not fitted with ”park-
ing position”.
For this reason parking brake has to
applied always when standing or park-
ing. When parking on inclination it is rec-
ommended to turn front wheels against
steering stops.
Select Neutral and apply the parking
brake to secure the vehicle when it is not
attended. Always make sure the vehicle’s
parking brake system works properly.

3. 18
 DRIVING

RUNNING IN TRANSMISSION OVERHEATING

Operate first 150 operating hour with If the sump oil temperature reaches
light loads only. +121 °C in normal operating conditions,
the ECU will inhibit operation in the
Operate with varying engine speeds.
higher gears.
Perform engine warm--ups specially care- If the transmission overheats during
fully during this period. normal operations, check the oil level in
the transmission. (. Oil level check,
ENGINE OVERHEATING page 7. 3)
If the engine temperature gauge indi-
cates a high temperature, the transmission
is probably overheated. Stop the vehicle
and check the cooling system. If it appears
to be functioning properly, run the engine
at 1200--1500 rpm with the transmission
in N (neutral). This should reduce the
transmission and engine temperatures to
normal operating levels in 2 or 3 minutes.
If temperatures do not decrease, re-
If engine has overheated so that coolant is duce the engine rpm.
boiling, engine speed has to be reduced to
low idle. Let engine run by low idle until
The engine should never
temperature has fallen.
be operated for more than
30 seconds at full throttle with the
Do not remove the thermostat in order transmission in gear and the out-
to lower the temperature, because this put stalled. Prolonged operation
would make a large proportion of the of this type will cause the trans-
cooling liquid circulate through the mission oil temperature to
side circulation pipe, and the tempera- become excessively high and will
ture would rise even higher. result in severe overheat damage
to the transmission.
WARNING!
Opening a hot cooler plug If the engine temperature indicates a high
under pressure is dangerous. temperature, an engine problem is indi-
there is a pressure release valve cated. If high temperature in either the
in the middle of the plug. Release engine or transmission persists, stop the
the pressure by pressing the valve engine and have the overheating condi-
before opening the plug. tion investigated by maintenance person-
nel.

3. 19
 DRIVING

ENGINE STOPPING
Do not stop engine immediately after
operation, but let it run by high idle for 2
-- 3 minutes
• Always select N (neutral) prior to
turning off the vehicle engine.
• When engine is running by low idle
stop engine by turning key switch off.
• Turn main switch off always when the
vehicle is to be left for a longer period.

Do not open main switch

when the engine is run-
ning.

Due to function principles

of ECU of the automatic
transmission, do not open main
switch immediately after opera-
tion, but wait a moment (≈10 s)
before you open the main switch.

3. 20
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

DIFFERENTIAL LOCKS
When one wheel of drive axle starts to slip lock. So the friction of the wheel on firm
due to slippery ground the total traction ground will assure adequate traction
reduces a lot despite that the another force.
wheel of the same axle is on the firm sur- All axles of the vehicle are fitted with
face. This problem which is caused by differential locks.
normal function of the differential gearing
can be prevented by using differential

Operation
The differential lock is pneumatic and it is Engagement on and off of the differen-
controlled by using the locking switch on tial locks has to be done when vehicle is
the dashboard, which locks the differen- stationary.
tial gearings of all the axles simulta-
neously. Unnecessary driving with
The flashing action of the indicator locked differentials must
light and knocking sound of the relay be absolutely avoided, because it
inform operator that the differential locks will worsen the vehicle’s steering
are engaged; these will continue until the ability and increase tyre wear.
locks is switched off.

3. 21
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

WINCH
WINCH
ENGAGED

The winch is hydraulic driven and it is Push WINCH ENGAGED switch.

controlled by the hydraulic pump opera-
tion switch on the dashboard.
The winch can either be used sepa-
rately, i.e. with transmission on neutral Also ensure that the release
(which way is recommended), or when a devices of winch drum are in con-
range in transmission is selected. With lat- nected / engaged positions. After
ter one engage the slow range of transfer this, the winch can be operated in
gearbox and select 1 range or reverse of both directions by using the switch
the main transmission. on the dashboard.
• The maximum pulling force of the
winch is approx. 8 tons.
Operation
Engage hydraulic pump using the
switch on the dashboard.
Release the switch locking by
pushing down at the point of the
arrow and keep the locking unlocked.
Now you can start the hydraulic pump by
the selector switch.

Hydraulic pump engages

only when engine speed is
≈650…1000 rpm.

3. 22
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(WINCH)

(Operation) Before starting to pull, WINCH DRUM--

The winch drum drive can be released for operating switch and drum release lever
pulling out the wire by operating the must be returned to ENGAGED and
WINCH DRUM switch on the dashboard, CONNECTED positions.
or by turning the lever on the side of the
winch.

NOTE! When operating the winch

Drum release must not be always make sure that
operated when the wire is nobody is inside the radius “drawn”
pulled tight. by the wire, because if the loaded
wire get loose or broken it may
Drum drive connected
cause fatal injuries.

Normally it is not necessary to change the

winch lubricant. The worm gear lubricant
is checked within regular maintenance
Drum drive
and, if necessary, refilled up to the check
released
plug level.
Used lubricant shall be gear oil, SAE
80W/140 , API class GL --5 or GL-- 4.

3. 23
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

SWIMMING

PROPEL-
LERS
ENGAGED

Measures before and after swimming Now you can start the hydraulic pump by
the selector switch.
Before and after swimming it is recom-
mended to perform complete chassis
lubrication. Specially important is
lubrication of the propeller motor shafts
Hydraulic pump engages
(grease nipples are in bottom of the
only when engine speed is
shafts).
≈650…1000 rpm.
• Turn breaker plates up into swimming
position.
Push PROPELLERS ENGAGED
• Inspect that all doors are properly --switch.
closed and safety latches are engaged Indicator light for the bilge pump
as well that there are no debris on the (PP) in the dashboard lights up and
door seals, because such materials do goes off after approx. 25 seconds.
cause minor leaks.
The bilge pump will start automatically if
• Check that all drain plugs in the wagon water enters into engine compartment. If
bottom are tightly installed. pump function has to be checked, switch
the pump on by a control switch on the
Engagement of the swimming dashboard and open the side hatch of the
hydraulics engine compartment; so you can hear
Engage hydraulic pump using the when the pump is running.
switch on the dashboard. Starting automatics of the bilge
Release the switch locking by pump will be by--passed by
pushing down at the point of the switching pump on by a control
arrow and keep the locking unlocked. switch on the dashboard.

3. 24
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

FORWARD FORWARD

REVERSE REVERSE

Swimming When performing steering operations

Vehicle control during swimming is done by the propeller motors the best way is to
by accelerator pedal, steering wheel and keep both motors running simultaneously.
by propeller control switches. By this way oil flow of the pump is
After entering onto water first select divided into both motors and engage-
neutral (N) position by gear selector and ments are smoother.
after this switch both propeller motors ON Most efficient steering operations is
(in forward position). reached by single motor operation or run-
Running speed of the propeller motors ning propeller motors in opposite direc-
is controlled by accelerator pedal. tions.
Prior changing propeller running
Within initial operating direction engine running speed have to be
swimming hydraulics, lowered to low idle.
engine running speed have not During cruising operation steering
exceed 1500 rpm during 10 first wheel only is necessary for wide curves.
running hours. This system do When cruising straight ahead do
require so called “running in” adjust steering wheel position so that
period. there is no “drag” either to right or to left
side.
Each propeller motor can be con- Use wheel drive only when entering
trolled separately and independently of onto water or when coming ashore.
each other by respective operation If the propeller motors are not
switches. By these switches can be engaged, it is possible to swim -- but
selected running direction and neutral slowly -- by means of wheel rotation only.
position of the propeller motors.

3. 25
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(SWIMMING)

Coming ashore
After swimming vehicle
Prior coming ashore, engage differential
brakes are wet and they
locks (. page 3. 21) and select 1--gear
have not full braking
range by gear selector and. Switch propel-
force.
ler drive OFF after coming ashore.
After coming ashore and when safely
on firm ground do lower breaker plates Drying of the vehicle interior is part of
into “dry land” position. rational vehicle maintenance.

3. 26
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

HM--2 Fire extinguisher system is position (tube will be discharged only
designed for protection of vehicle engine/ if the alarm does continue)
transmission compartment against the 5. In case the automatic system does not
fire. work, do manual release by the
Fire extinguisher system does use vehicle manual release switch.
electrical power. Switch positions
Fire extinguishing agent is Halon 1301. 1 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = ON
(the system operation will be aborted by
NO position)
When the alarm takes place 2 Engine stop . . . . . . . . . . . . = ON
1. Steer onto the side of the road or the (will be prevented by NO position)
drive path. 3 Manual release . . . . . . . . . = NO
6. If fire extinguisher tube no. 2 is still
2. After 5 seconds fire extinguisher tube
unused, change the release cable of the
no. 1 will be discharged and engine
1st cylinder over to cylinder no. 2 and
will stop.
leave the release cable for 2nd cylin-
3. After 25 seconds manual release for der free. Check the pyro cartridge cir-
2nd fire extinguisher tube will be in cuit.
stand by mode. 7. Replace used fire extinguisher tube
4. Release 2nd tube by manual release as soon as possible and test entire
switch at the control center if so system according to separate test
required by turning the switch to ON instructions.

Manual
release
Engine
stop

Power

3. 27
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM)

System operation 6. Return to stand--by condition takes
place automatically when fire is extin-
1. When temperature in the engine
guished (alarm discontinues)
compartment has risen to 130 degrees
centigrade, the contact points of the 7. Position of the switches and the indi-
sensor will close and fire alarm does cator lights.
start. - Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON
(green indicator light)
2. After 5 seconds engine will stop and - Engine stop . . . . . . . . . . . . ON
fire extinguisher cylinder no. 1 will be (can be prevented by NO--position)
discharged (stop switch in ON--posi- -- Manual release . . . . . . . . . NO
tion) (yellow indicator light)
-- One extinguisher tube released = yellow
3. After 25 seconds the indicator light indicator light
for manual release will light up and - Indicator lights for extinguisher tubes
manual release is ready if the alarm Nos. 1 and 2 , for pyro cartridge and also
for loop testing = green indicator light.
does continue. Manual release can be
changed to automatic by turning the 8. Opening or closing of the switches do
switch into ON--position. not cause unwanted release of the
extinguisher tubes. The precondition
4. Engine stop can be prevented by turn- for the system operation is the activa-
ing the stop switch into NO--position. tion of the temperature sensor (this
5. The operation of the system can be applies also for manual release).
aborted any time by turning the power 9. Manual release of the fire extinguisher
switch into NO--position. Return to takes place as follows:
stand--by condition takes place when -- remove safety pin
the power switch is turned into ON-- -- press or strike on the release button and
position. the valve will open.

One fire extin-

Manual release guisher tube Engine stop
(indicator light) discharged
(indicator light)

Indicator lights
for fire extin- Power switch
guisher tubes (Indica-
Nos. 1 and 2 , tor light)
for pyro car-
tridge and also
for loop testing.

3. 28
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM)

Testing of fire extinguisher system Test no. 2
(To be performed by six month intervals)
1. Turn the switches to following posi-
tions:
Test no. 1
power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = ON
1. Disconnect cylinder valve cable con- engine stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . = NO
nectors and attach test lamps at cable manual release . . . . . . . . . . = ON
ands (24 V, 2--5 W). 2. Start engine
2. Check that the switches in the control 3. Put temperature sensor cables into
center are in normal stand--by posi- short circuit or heat the sensor casing.
tion. 4. Follow up that the function goes in fol-
power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = ON lowing sequence.
engine stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . = ON • Alarm
manual release . . . . . . . . . . = NO • Five seconds after the alarm the indicator
3. Start engine. light for 1st extinguisher tube does light
up.
4. Heat the temperature sensor by a hot • Twenty five seconds after the alarm the
air blower until the alarm does begin indicator light for 2nd extinguisher tube
and do continue to heat approx. does light up (manual release system in
10 seconds more (avoid overheat- now automatic).
ing). • Engine will not stop.
5. Stop engine.
5. Follow up that the function goes in fol-
lowing sequence. 6. Remove short circuit of the sensor
• Alarm cables (if this was used).
• Five seconds after the alarm the engine 7. Attach the connectors of the pyro car-
will stop and 1st extinguisher tube does tridges and turn the switches in the
discharge - test light and the indicator light
control center to normal stand--by
at the control center do lit up.
position.
• Twenty five seconds after the alarm will
the indicator light for manual release lit up. 8. Test electric circuits of the pyro car-
• Turn the manual release switch into ON tridges and the loop by turning the test
position, and 2nd extinguisher tube does switch into front position, and the indi-
discharge and test light does lit up. cator lights (3 pcs) have to be lit up.

3. 29
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

BRAKE SYSTEM

Braking springs. The wheel brakes are released

The service brakes are used with the help and the signal light for parking brake goes
of the brake pedal. The brake pedal valve off.
is divided into the front brake circuit and In case the light will not go out, the air
rear brake circuit; one circuit will work pressure in brake system is too low, and it
even if the another one out of order due to cannot compress the springs, and the
air leakage. brakes are not released . also section
Safety valve (parking brake).
Note!
The parking brakes do engage the
• Brake softly in order to save tyres and wheel brakes of the rear axle only. Due to
brakes. the continuous 6--wheel drive of the
• Do not pump the brake pedal, you vehicle, the parking brakes, however, do
would only waste compressed air affect all the wheels through the power
unnecessarily train.
• Release the brake pedal a little just
Safety valve (parking brakes)
before halt of the vehicle; the stopping
action will become smooth. When the pressure in the pneumatic
system falls, for example due to extended
period of the parking, the parking brake
safety valve will be engaged
automatically and it will prevent releasing
of the parking brake. Vehicle cannot run
away when the air pressure rises when
Parking brake engine is running again.
The pneumatically operated parking
brakes are engaged by spring power, i.e.
when compressed air is discharged from
the spring brake chambers.
When you turn the parking brake
valve to braking position, compressed air Safety valve
do escape from the brake chambers and
the strong springs do engage on the wheel
brakes.
The signal light on the dashboard
reminds that the parking brakes are on. Parking brake safety valve cannot be
You can release the brake by turning released until the air pressure in the
the parking brake valve lever to opposite pneumatic system has risen to 5 bar (500
position, and the compressed air flow into kPa) (after the warning light for low air
spring brake chambers and compress the pressure has gone off).

3. 30
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(BRAKE SYSTEM)
(Protection valve (parking brake)) mechanically by using the extraction
Protection valve is released by screws in the rear brake chambers.
pressing the knob in. Turn the extraction screw
Releasing of the parking brake is anticlockwise until the brakes are
possible with released protection valve released.
only.

Notify during cold period of the year

In the cold season, especially if you have
been driving in the snow, do not use the
parking brake when parking the
vehicle. The brakes are warmed up during
driving, and the snow and ice in brake
drums will melt. If the brakes are engaged
using the parking brakes, the water in the
brakes will freeze again, the brake shoes
are “seized” to the drums.
At drive off the “seized” brake linings
may break loose and cause serious
damage to the brakes.
Too low pressure in air tanks or
extraordinary system leakages initiate a
similar series of reactions. Therefore, the
importance of maintenance of the whole
pneumatic system is once more WARNING!
emphasized.
After mechanical release, the
Mechanical releasing of vehicle has no brakes at all.
parking brake
When the pressure in the brake system has
If compressed air is not available, the returned to normal, turn the screws all the
parking brakes can also be released way back again.

3. 31
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

HEATING AND VENTILATION OF sure depending on the driving speed is not

THE DRIVER’S CABIN sufficient.
When the heater regulator cock is
Heat regulation cock in closed, fresh, unheated air from the out-
open position side flows into the driver’s cabin.

HEATING OF TROOP
COMPARTMENT

Heating of troop compartment is done by

a separate auxiliary heater unit.

Heater unit has a continuous coolant cir-

culation; -- so heater is always ready for
use.
Check that electric connector is in the
electric socket.
The heating of the driver’s cabin is done Heater unit is controlled by its own
by means of the the engine coolant. The 2--speed control switch.
coolant circulates through the heater’s
core, and heating the air flowing through
the heater core. II
Heat regulation cock is inside the I
cabin, on the transmission cover, RH side 0
of the driver seat.
The heater has an electric fan; the fan
switch is on the dashboard. The 2--speed
fan intensifies the air flow, if the dam pres-

3. 32
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

WINTER OPERATION

Oils
Winter often causes troubles in the opera- Use oils of quality and viscosity accord-
tion of the vehicle; mainly in starting the ing to recommendations in the engine,
engine, in the function of pneumatic and transmission and axle assemblies. This
fuel systems, and in the lubrication of var- ensures the best lubricating properties
ious points. even in most cold conditions.
Engine running temperature should be
kept at proper level during cold conditions Electric engine heater
too. Use plate in front of radiator to reduce The block heater operates with 220 AC
air flow trough the core if so required. voltage. The vehicle is equipped with a
connecting cable used for connecting the
heater to mains power socket. The opera-
tion voltage is dangerous -- it is important
that the cables, contact plugs and
sockets are in good condition.

The plate shall be

inserted into the
rail grooves in
front of the radia-
tor

Heater does not heat

coolant inside the radiator
Stowage due to closed thermostat. There-
place for the fore it is important to keep ade-
plate quate antifreeze/water mixture
during cold season.

3. 33
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(WINTER OPERATION)

AUXILIARY HEATER (FUEL DRIVEN)

Auxiliary heater is located inside engine
compartment, in LH side rear.
Auxiliary heater unit is connected into
engine cooling system between the engine
and driver cabin heater.
Switch for auxiliary
heater

Cabin heating
The auxiliary heater can be used for cabin
heating also when engine is stopped (Use
lower fan speed).
When engine coolant has reached its
normal operation temperature, cabin heat-
Engine pre--heating
ing capacity will increase with running
Open driver cabin heater regulation cock engine.
fully open (to heating position).
Stopping of the heater

Auxiliary diesel fuel driven heater has to

Closed
be switch off by the control switch only.

Wait until approx. 3 min-

Open
utes cooling period is over,
before disconnection of power
cable of auxiliary heater unit.

Heater regulation cock

3. 34
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

(WINTER OPERATION)

(AUXILIARY DIESEL DRIVEN HEATER)

Heater functions Cause for overheating shall be elimi-

nated and after this overheating protection
device shall be re--activated. Heater is
now ready for a new start by the own con-
trol switch.
Removing of auxiliary heater from the
vehicle
When the auxiliary heater unit is switched
on, indicator light in the control switch
will also light on. The heater burning fan
and water pump do start to operate and the
glow plug is heated. After approx. 20--50
seconds starts fuel supply and the heater
will start burning. When the burning is
fully on, the glow plug is switched off and
heater do continue operation with full
heating capacity. Before removing the heater, ensure that
If coolant temperature reaches 80 the heater operation is completely
degrees centigrade heater will switch over stopped.
to minimum capacity
• Disconnect heater coolant hoses from
Heater has capacity of 5000 W; mini-
quick connectors.
mum heating capacity is 1250 W.
When the auxiliary heater is switched
off, fuel supply does close and indicator
light goes off. Burning fan and water
pump do operate further during approx. 3
minutes more and cool the heater unit
down.
• Connect engine together to heater cir-
Overheating cuit with the quick connectors only.
The heater will overheat if the coolant cir- • Disconnect heater electric connector.
culation is prevented, for example due to
only partially open heat regulation cock, • Disconnect heater fuel supply connec-
too tight bends in the heater hoses or if the tor.
heater coolant circuit is not properly • Remove the auxiliary heater from the
vented after installation. vehicle.

3. 35
 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS

VEHICLE TOWING
If towing of the vehicle is required, pro- removed. By this way eliminates possible
peller shaft between automatic transmis- bearing failures in the automatic transmis-
sion and transfer gearbox has to be sion due to lack of lubrication.

Propeller shaft removed from the vehicle

CAUTION!
Failure to disconnect the driveline before pushing or towing can
cause serious transmission damage.

NOTE!
The engine cannot be started by pushing or towing.
An auxiliary air supply will usually be required to actuate the vehicle brake
system.

3. 36
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

4. 1
 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

FIXING OF THE STRETCHER SUPPORTS

Fix the stretcher supports to about 120 cm support from the rear end of the vehicle.
distance from each other, and to about See the drawing below.
36 cm distance from the passenger arm--

Stretcher supports

≈36 cm ≈120 cm

4. 2
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

Air Conditioning

4. 3
 AIR CONDITIONING

AIR CONDITIONING UNIT

Setting of the cabin inside temperature

1. Press the SEL (1) key for one second to display the set--point value
2. After two seconds the set value blinks
3. Press UP ⇑ or DOWN ⇓ (2) to increase or decrease the value (setting)
4. Press the SEL key to confirm the new temperature value (setting)

1 2

Figure 4--1

Do not do any other adjustments because the function of the con-

trol will be disturbed

Best possible results

1. Fan speed is adjusted very simply, engage unit until a comfortable cab temperature
is achieved, in the event of air velocity creating ”draught effect”, reduction in fan
speed will illuminate this (see figure 4--2 page 4. 6).

4. 5
 AIR CONDITIONING

2. Air louvres are adjustable, directing air streams to give the most acceptable
discharge.
3. All windows must be closed, to allow the unit to build up best effect, also to exclude
noise, dust, exhaust fumes etc. By opening , the fresh air intake, you can achieve the
best mixture of recirculated and fresh air, giving most comfortable climate.
4. Do not preset too low a temperature, because sudden large temperature variations
can be harmful to health. By adjusting the unit to what is most comfortable to you,
you achieve your personal comfort level, normally between 5° -- 7°C below ambient
temperature is both desired and recommended. In the winter time the air conditioning
unit can be used to advantage used in conjunction with the heater, as air conditioning
removes humidity and greatly reduces windscreen and window misting.

Figure 4--2
5. Reduction of air humidity -- during the summer climatic conditions give high
humidity effecting both breathing and skin. Conditioned air has a much lower
humidity.
Protect your investment by following recommendations
1. Control the fan speed for best effect. Temperature can be increased by a reduction
in fan speed
2. Set the thermostat for most comfortable temperature
3. Keep all windows closed
4. Do not have temperature to low, its your health!
5. Clean the condenser frequently (recommended every 2nd week)
6. Protect the hoses.
7. Run your unit in the winter at least 5 minutes per week. Remember it is very effective
against misting, also a static unit s more prone to develope leakages
8. Never slacken hose couplings

4. 6
MAINTENANCE

5. 1
 MAINTENANCE

OILS
Use oil of quality and viscosity according mission and axles. This ensures the best
to recommendations in the engine, trans- lubricating properties.

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
PATRIA VEHICLES Oy maintenance nance is easily reached by this schedule,
schedule is based on long-term research where the operator has an essential role.
and experience. The various operating Maintenance schedule and list of Ini-
conditions and technical development tial maintenance works for a new vehicle
have been taken into account concerning are included in Maintenance and Opera-
both lubricants and construction designs. tion Manual, which are supplied with all
Rational and economical vehicle mainte- vehicle.

Maintenance schedule contains following main points:

• Continuous, daily follow--up of the Depending on the operation condi-
vehicle condition within daily opera- tions, maintenance recommendations
tion tasks. have been divided into two groups, A and
• Daily checks, e.g. engine oil level and D.
coolant level checks, tyre pressures Depending on the yearly driven mile-
and condition, function of lights and age and degree of loading, a suitable
maintenance brakes. maintenance schedule can be selected.
• Regularly performed periodical main- Group A
tenance works. Vehicles where maintenance intervals are
Daily checks and follow--ups by the oper- based according to the driven mileage.
ator as well regular maintenance per-
formed by skilled personnel of PATRIA Group D
VEHICLES Oy maintenance network Vehicles where maintenance intervals are
with their special tools, guarantee safe and based according to the operation hours,
reliable operation of Your SISU vehicle. e.g. special vehicles.

5. 2
 MAINTENANCE

INITIAL MAINTENANCE OF NEW VEHICLE

Special attention should be paid to taking c. INITIAL MAINTENANCE 2
a new vehicle into operation and to its first This maintenance is carried by the
maintenance works. Therefore PATRIA customer.
VEHICLES Oy has prepared a special It shall be performed approximately
initial maintenance schedule for new after 125 operating hours.
vehicles, as follows:
On next pages are listed maintenance
a. DELIVERY INSPECTION works to be performed. (. pages 5. 6,
This inspection is carried out by PA- 5. 8).
TRIA VEHICLES factory before When each initial service works are
delivering the vehicle to the customer performed, do send respective service
coupon to PATRIA VEHICLES Oy Ser-
b. INITIAL MAINTENANCE 1 vice department to the address printed in
This maintenance is carried out by the the coupon itself.
customer and it shall be performed After these initial maintenances start
immediately after the vehicle has been to follow regular maintenance schedule
taken into operation, approximately according to intervals in the Operation
after 15 -- 30 operating hours. and Maintenance manual.

SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS
When servicing the vehicle it is essential PATRIA VEHICLES Oy professional
to keep extremely cleanness and perform service network is always ready to serve
all works carefully. Also minor impurities you. Take care that initial maintenances
cause disturbances. abnormal wear or and regular maintenance works for your
damage. vehicle will be performed in time.
Failures can be avoided by performing If you have questions about service
service works regularly and by using works and vehicle repairs do not hesitate
always using original spare parts and liq- to contact PATRIA VEHICLES Oy ser-
uids and lubricants recommended by PA- vice department.
TRIA VEHICLES Oy.

5. 3
 MAINTENANCE

DAILY CHECKS
j Air filter indicator j Engine oil level check and filling up when
necessary
j Function check of the brakes
j Visual check of the propeller shaft flange
j Function checks of gauges, warning lights,
retaining nuts
head lights and direction indicators
j Pneumatic system
j Leakage inspections of engine and trans-
mission j Tyre condition and tyre pressure checks
j Engine coolant level check and filling up j Windshield washing liquid level check and
when necessary filling up when necessary

WEEKLY CHECKS
Draining of water from the fuel tank

Service coupon for Initial Maintenance No. 1

Running hours: . . . . . . . . .
Mileage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of maintenance: / 19
Signature of
service foreman . . . . . . . .

Service coupon for Initial Maintenance No. 2

Running hours: . . . . . . . . .
Mileage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of maintenance: / 19
Signature of
service foreman . . . . . . . .

5. 4
 MAINTENANCE

INITIAL MAINTENANCE 1
After completed maintenance works this Service coupon page shall be mailed
immediately to vehicle manufacturer, Patria Vehicles Oy to the address below:
Patria Vehicles Oy
Service department
P.O. Box 186
FIN 13101 HÄMEENLINNA
Finland
Service works shall be performed and verified according to the instructions on the
next page.

Holder: .
Address:
Model and chassis no: . . .
Running hours: . . . . . . . . .
Mileage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of maintenance / 19
Signature of legal holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signature of
service foreman . . . . . . . .

5. 5
 MAINTENANCE

INITIAL MAINTENANCE 1

Service shall be done immediately after the vehicle has been taken into opera-
tion approximately after 15--30 operating hours (300--600 km).
Inspections
j Check electrolyte level in batteries j Retightening of propeller shaft flange nuts
(68 Nm)
j Check front wheel toe--in and adjust when
necessary j Leak inspection of the engine cooling sys-
j Check air dryer function tem
j Check of fastening and tightness of the j Check tightness of pneumatic system
engine air intake piping. When pressure is exactly 600 kPa (6 bar),
j Re--tightening of spring pins, brackets and pressure may fall max. 10 kPa (0.1 bar) in
clamps 10 minutes , i.e. 60 kPa (0.6 bar) per hour
j Function check of accelerator pedal link- j Check bearing clearances of the wheels -
age adjustment when necessary. Check tight-
ness of wheel fastening nuts.
j Check function of air compressor
Tank pressure of brake system must rise j Tyre pressure checks
from empty to a minimum of 520 kPa (5.2 j Leak inspections of the transmission and
bar) within 4 minutes. drive line
j Function check of cold start aid equipment
j Aiming of headlights
j Check of drive belts tension
j Check of maximum engine speed j Check fastening of towing hook and draw
beam
j Function checks of running engine
j Checking/filling of oil and liquid levels
j Leak inspections of the engine oil and liq-
uid circuits. j Check tightness of oil and liquid pipings

Oil changes and lubrication

j Change of engine oil j Lubrication of the water pump bearing

Test drive checks

j Function of service and parking brakes j Function checks of windscreen wipers and
washer unit
j Function of alternator
j Function checks of gear selection and
j Function check of heater unit
power take off
j Check of engine running temperature
j Function checks of lights and horn
j Check of engine oil pressure
j Function checks of indicator lights, warn-
j Function check of steering ing lights and gauges

5. 6
 MAINTENANCE

INITIAL MAINTENANCE 2
After completed maintenance works this Service coupon page shall be mailed
immediately to vehicle manufacturer, Patria Vehicles Oy to the address below:
Patria Vehicles Oy
Service department
P.O. Box 186
FIN 13101 HÄMEENLINNA
Finland
Service works shall be performed and verified according to the instructions on the
next page.

Holder: .
Address:
Model and chassis no: . . .
Running hours: . . . . . . . . .
Mileage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of maintenance / 19
Signature of legal holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signature of
service foreman . . . . . . . .

5. 7
 MAINTENANCE

INITIAL MAINTENANCE 2
Perform these service works after approx. 125 operating hours (2 500 km)
Inspections
j Check of battery fastening j Function check of accelerator pedal link-
j Check electrolyte level in batteries age

j Function check of air dryer j Check of drive belts tension

j Cleaning or element replacement of air fil- j Function checks of running engine

ter when necessary j Retightening of propeller shaft flange nuts
j Check of tightness of the engine air intake (68 Nm)
piping. j Inspection of steering gear retaining
j Function check and adjustment of brakes screws, retightening if needed
when necessary j Inspection of tightness and re--tightening
j Checking of brake air hoses of exhaust manifold and exhaust system
retaining screws
j Re--tightening of spring pins, brackets and
clamps j Replacement of fuel filter elements
j Check of cooler and heater devices j Checking of wheel nut tightness
j Level check of engine coolant, - refilling j Checking tyre wear, and checking and
if required. adjustment of steering angles, if necessary

Oil changes and lubrication

j Chassis lubrication according to lubricat- j Lubrication of door hinges
ing diagram j Oil change of automatic transmission and
transfer gearbox and filter replacement in
j Change of engine oil and filter
automatic transmission
j Change of power steering oil and filter ele- j Change of oil in the axles (in drive gears
ment and wheel hubs)

Test drive checks

j Function checks of service and parking j Function checks of windscreen wipers and
brakes washer unit
j Function check of alternator j Function checks of gear selector and power
j Function check of heater unit take off
j Engine running temperature check j Function checks of lights and horn
j Check of engine oil pressure j Function checks of indicator lights, warn-
j Function check of steering ing lights and gauges

5. 8
 MAINTENANCE

REGULAR MAINTENANCE 1
Service interval: 125 h (or 2 500 km)
Inspections
General j Check condition of fuel tank cap
Service works shall be performed accord- seals and breathers
ing to following sequence: j Drain condensed water from fuel
tanks
Engine
Engine air intake piping
j Engine oil level check
j Check air cleaner service indicator
j Leak inspections of the engine oil (by 2000 rpm)
and liquid circuits.
j Cleaning or replacement of air filter
j Function check of accelerator pedal element when necessary
linkage and accelerator hand cable
Transmission
j Check of tension and condition of
the drive belts j Test of automatic transmission selec-
tor device function.
Cooling system j Check of the propeller shaft flange
j Check coolant cleanness and freez- retaining nuts (tightening torque
ing point (Freezing point before cold 68 Nm)
season must be below the coldest Chassis
expected ambient temperature during
winter period, . page 6. 6) j Check of tyre condition and tyre
pressures
Exhaust system j Check and re--tighten wheel nuts if
j Check installation and tightness so required.
j Re--tighten spring clamps and spring
Fuel system bracket retaining screws
j Leak inspection of the entire fuel j Check condition and installation of
system shock absorbers
j Function and leak check of fuel j Lubrication of chassis acc. to
cocks lubrication diagram

5. 9
 MAINTENANCE

(REGULAR MAINTENANCE 1)

(Inspections)
Body j Function check of brake pedal valve
j Function check and tightness inspec- and inspection of tightness of the
tion of doors and hatches. Lubricate connections
as required. j Function checks of slack adjuster
and checks of brake chamber strokes
j Function checks of windscreen wip-
ers and washer unit Electric system
j Function checks of gauges and con- j Function check of lights and aiming
trols of the head lights
j Check electrolyte level in batteries
Steering system
and installation of batteries
j Check oil level in steering oil reser-
j Check alternator belt tension
voir
j Check condition of parallel rod and Test drive
steering rod joints j Monitor engine function with vari-
j Check installation of steering gear ous running speeds
j Monitor transmission and steering
Pneumatic system equipment functions
j Inspect condition of brake air hoses j Check function of service and park-
and tightness of connections ing brakes
j Function check of brake chambers j Check that gauges are indication cor-
and inspection of tightness of the rect values; check function of indica-
connections tor lights

5. 10
 MAINTENANCE

REGULAR MAINTENANCE 2
Service interval: 250 h (or 5 000 km)
Inspections
General Engine air intake piping
Additionally to this maintenance per- j Inspect tightness of the air intake
form also service works of Regular piping
Maintenance 1
j Check tightness and installation of
Engine intercooler core.
j Engine oil change j Check air cleaner and clean it
j Replacement of engine oil filter
Transmission
j Function check of cold start aid
j Check oil level in transfer gearbox
equipment
j Check installation of engine and
j Check engine max/min. running
automatic transmission
speeds = 2300+50/650 rpm.
j Oil level checks of drive gears in
Cooling system axles and of wheel hubs
j Lubricate water pump bearing using
Steering system
heat resistant ball bearing grease
(Valmet recommendation: SHELL j Check front wheel toe--in angle and
Retinax A) adjustment of max. steering angle
limit screws
Exhaust system
j Check tightness of inlet and exhaust Pneumatic system
manifold retaining screws j Inspection of system tightness
j Inspect condition of the exhaust Electric system
manifold
j Measure charge level of batteries;
Fuel system clean outside of batteries
j Replacement of fuel filter elements j Check alternator installation

5. 11
 MAINTENANCE

REGULAR MAINTENANCE 3
Service interval: 500 h (or 10 000 km)
Inspections
General j Clean breather and suction screen in
Additionally to this maintenance per- transfer gearbox
form also service works of Regular j Oil change of drive gears in axles
Maintenance 1 and 2 and of wheel hubs
Engine j Clean axle breathers
j Adjustment of valve clearances Steering system
j Visual inspection of engine exhaust j Oil change in steering system
smoke
j Replacement of filter element in
j Measuring of radial and axial clear- steering system
ances turbocharger rotor -- perform
j Measuring of wheel bearing clear-
measurements at intake side.
ances and adjustment if required.
Transmission j Check of king pin bearing and
j Oil change in automatic transmission adjustment if required
j Replacement of automatic transmis- Electric system
sion filter elements j Cleaning and protection lubrication
j Oil change in transfer gearbox of battery cable connections

5. 12
 MAINTENANCE

YEARLY MAINTENANCE
General Engine air intake piping
Yearly maintenance shall be per- • Inspect tightness of the air intake pip-
formed by 1 -- 3 years intervals, ing
depending on vehicle utilization rate
and conditions Transmission
(Regular maintenance works are not
• Check installation of axles
included)
• Inspection of wheel bearing (every
Engine second yearly maintenance)
• Inspect condition of turbocharger • Adjust king pin bearing if required
(measurements in the engine)
• Measuring of the boost pressure • Inspect wear of propeller shafts and
their installation
• Function check of accelerator pedal
linkage • Clean propeller shaft outer splines and
• Check tamper proofing seals of injec- perform lubrication (if fitted with
tion pump grease nipples)
• Cleaning of fuel tanks • Lubricate propeller shaft universal
• Check engine max/min. running joints
speeds
Chassis
• Check injection timing
• Inspect installation of springs and
• Perform basic service of injectors by
shock absorbers as well condition of
approx. 1000 hr’s intervals
spring bumpers
• Engine exhaust smoke (visual check)
• Lubrication of the cunner’s hatch piv-
• Inspect tightness of water pump; lubri-
ots
cate water pump bearing
Cooling system Steering system
• Change engine coolant (before cold • Check front wheel steering angles
season) • Inspect wear of steering linkage joints
• Perform cooling system pressure test • Lubricate joints of steering linkage
(0,7 bar -- 30 min.) and joints of steering boost cylinder
• Function check heater regulator cock. • Check operation of power steering
Inspect tightness of heater core. system (pressure settings), and condi-
• Inspection of heater coolant hoses and tion of steering hoses
hose clamps; replace as required. • Change steering oil and replace filter
• Outside cleaning of radiator element (before cold season)

5. 13
 MAINTENANCE

(YEARLY MAINTENANCE)
Pneumatic system • Dismantle wheel brakes and inspect
• Perform pressure checks in rear and wear of brake linings at the beginning
front brake circuits and at the end of swimming season
• Inspect and clean brake pedal valve, • Check efficiency and operation of
pressure regulator, pressure safety parking brake in brake dynamometer
valve and brake chambers (every • Measure fall of air tank pressure with
second yearly maintenance) depressed brake pedal (leak time)
• Check condition of brake hoses and • Lubricate brake S--cam shafts
piping
Electric system
• Check efficiency and operation of ser-
vice brakes in brake dynamometer • Check charging state of batteries
• Check operation and pressure setting • Perform alternator basic service
of pressure regulator • Measure charging voltage
• Perform air tank filling time test (air • Service and protect outside electric
compressor condition test) devices (use LPS protection spray or
• Check operation of air drier equivalent)
• Replace air drier cartridge • Aim headlights

5. 14
 MAINTENANCE

FOLLOW UP LIST OF REGULAR MAINTENANCE

Group A
Km Date and signature Remarks

5. 15
 MAINTENANCE

(FOLLOW UP SHEET OF REGULAR MAINTENANCE)

Group D

Running hrs Date and signature Remarks

FOLLOW--UP OF YEARLY SERVICES

Time Part Date and signature

Year 1. Engine
2. Cooling system
3. Transmission, gearbox, axles
4. Chassis, frame, suspension, equipment
5. Body, Controls and actuators
6. Steering and Hydraulic system
7. Pneumatic and Brake system
8. Electric system, Electric equipment

5. 16
 MAINTENANCE

LUBRICATION DIAGRAM

Door hinges Door hinges

Propeller shaft joints

Propeller shaft Towing hook

support bearing Propeller shaft joints
Wire rope steering
roller
Door hinges

Tie rod joints Door hinges

King pin

Aux. power Track rod joint

steering cylinder
joints Wire rope steering
roller

Anchor bolt

S ---axle bearing
adjustment Rear door hinges Wire rope steering
device roller
Amagard 3751 universal grease or equivalent water proofed universal grease
should be used in all lubrication points.

5. 17
 MAINTENANCE

INSPECTION LOCATIONS AND FILLING QUANTITIES

Steering angle gear Transfer gearbox

≈0,25 dm 3 6,0 dm 3
Differential
13,0 dm 3
Wheel hub
Wheel hub 0,6 dm 3
0,6 dm 3
Engine
without filter and
Automatic trans- oil cooler
mission 22,0 dm 3
≈25,0 dm 3
without oil Fuel:
cooler: 145 dm 3+145 dm 3
22,0 dm 3
(At oil change Steering system
≈18,0 dm 3) 5,0 dm 3

Wheel hub Wheel hub

0,6 dm 3 0,6 dm 3
Differential
13,0 dm 3
Hydraulic sys-
Winch
tem
≈5,5 dm 3
≈60,0 dm 3

Wheel hub Differential Wheel hub

0,6 dm 3 13,0 dm 3 0,6 dm 3
Cooling system ≈58,0 dm 3

5. 18
 MAINTENANCE

LUBRICATION OILS AND LIQUID RECOMMENDATIONS

Components Quality Viscosity (SAE)

API Average ambient temperature
class °C --30 --20 --10 0 +10 +20 +30

°F --22 --4 +14 +32 +50 +68 +86

Engine CD
5 W -- 20
10 W -- 30
15 W -- 40
20 W -- 40

Transmission Dexron II, Allison C4

(Autom. transmission) MIL--L--46167

Transfer gear box

Axles 85 W -- 140
Differential GL--4 80 W -- 140
Wheel hub GL--5 75 W -- 90 *
Angle transmission
to the steering gear
Winch
Component Recommendation
Steering system (steering device) ATF Dexron II
Hydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydraulic oil SAE 20W, ISO VG 32
Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water--resistant universal grease NGLI 1
(Amagard 3751)
Shell Retinax A (For water pump)
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . SISU S--100 antifreeze, typ BS 6580
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clean diesel fuel
summer quality (down to --7 °C (20 °F))
winter quality (below --7 °C (20 °F))

5. 19
 MAINTENANCE

*) In extremely cold conditions, specially when the vehicle have to stay longer periods,
so that oils are thawed, we recommend use of special synthetic oil of 75W--90 qual-
ity.
Hydraulic oils used in the transmission have an important influence on transmission reli-
ability and durability. MIL--L--2104D, DEXRON and type C--4 oils (Allison approved
SAE 10W or SAE 30) are recommended. Type C--4 oil is the only oil approved for use
in XA--185 vehicle. Use type SAE 30 where ambient temperature is consistently above
30° C (86° F).
Some DEXRONR--II oils are also qualified as type C--4 oils and may be used in XA--185
vehicle. However, a DEXRONR--II fluid which is not a qualified type C--4 oil must
never be used in XA--185 vehicle. Consult your local Allison dealer or distributor to
determine if a DEXRONR--II oil is also a qualified type C--4 oil.
Ford Motor Company specification oils M2C33--F, M2C I 38--CJ and M2C I 66--H may
be used and may be intermixed with DEXRONR--II oil.
RDEXRON--II is a registered trademark of General Motors Corporation.

5. 20
 SERVICE

ENGINE, COOLING SYSTEM, FUEL

SYSTEM

6. 1
 SERVICE

ENGINE
Air filter Maintenance
The air filter is equipped with a change- hatch
able paper filter element.
Blockage of the air filter can be seen
as smoking and ineffectiveness of the
engine.
If the suction air resistance be--comes
too high, the red ring appearing on the
indicator shows that the air filter is
blocked and needs service. Clean the fil-
ter, and change it, if necessary.

Air filter

When servicing the vehicle,

the engine must absolutely
Air filter service indicator be stopped.

6. 2
 SERVICE

(ENGINE)
(Air filter) Turbocharging
Clean the filter element at least at Engine intake air is compressed by the
125 operating hours intervals, in dusty turbocharger. The turbocharger uses
conditions you may need to clean it more exhaust gas energy to turn the turbine
often. Clean the filter element by tapping wheel. The turbine wheel drives the com-
it carefully against an even base, and by pressor impeller which provides pressur-
using compressed air (max. pressure ised air to the engine for combustion. The
2 bar) diagonally from inside the element additional air provided by the turbochar-
outwards, or from the outside using a vac- ger allows more fuel to be injected to
uum cleaner. Check the cleaning result by increase the power output from the
putting light inside the filter. If the filter engine.
has holes or is otherwise damaged, it has
to be replaced. Basic inspection of the turbocharger

The only service the turbocharger needs is

the regular basic inspection.
It is very important to
When installing a filter element check that • Monitor the turbocharger function
it sets properly, and that the seal and seal- daily
ing surfaces are clean.
Reset the air filter service indicator • check the tightness of intake air and
back to function by pressing the reset but- turbocharger pipe connections
ton at the end of the indicator. • service the air filter frequently
enough, in dusty conditions more
often
• check the tightness of exhaust man-
ifold installation

6. 3
 SERVICE

(ENGINE)
(Basic inspection of the turbocharger) This prevents damage to the turbocharger,
which may further damage the engine. If,
• use recommended oil in the engine, however, the turbocharger is damaged,
change oil frequently enough the engine vibrates by an abnormal way or
the sound of the engine changes. Leave
• service the crankcase ventilation the repair of the turbocharger to profes-
breather regularly sionals.

Cylinder

Turbocharger Intake air

Intake air Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas Lubricating oil
Compressed air

Crankshaft vibration damper.

The vibration damper is a viscose damper
which is service free. WARNING!
Do not strike or scratch the
damper. even minor damage
causes functional trouble.

6. 4
 SERVICE

(ENGINE)
Oil change cover and apply a thin layer of clean oil on
The old oil is easily drained while the the rubber seal of the new filter before
engine is warm. Remove the maintenance installing it. Fill the new filter cartridge
cover in the wagon bottom (4 pcs M8 with oil in advance, so that oil pressure
screws) and open the drain plug of the oil does rise immediately when starting.
pan, and drain the oil out. After the old oil Tighten the filter by hand. Do not turn it
has drained completely, re--tighten the too tight!
drain plug and re--install the maintenance
cover carefully -- do remember replace the In order to guarantee sufficient
maintenance cover casket. lubrication of the turbocharger, run the
Pour in recommended oil through the engine by low idle, until the oil pressure in
filling opening on the valve cover, until the gauge has risen. After this you may use
the oil level reaches the upper mark on the higher engine speeds. Check that there is
dipstick. no leakage from the filter or from the
Run the engine for a couple of minutes drain plug. Stop the engine and check the
and check the oil level. oil level after a few minutes.

Change of oil filter

Clean the surrounding area of the filter
cartridge and detach the filter by turning
it counterclockwise with the filter span-
ner. Clean the sealing surfaces of the filter

6. 5
 SERVICE

COOLING SYSTEM

Coolant Sisu 100 Freezing Boiling

Use recommended coolant mixture and mixing ratio point point
check the freezing point of the coolant 33 % - 18 °C 104 °C
every now and then. Avoid using the cool- (0 °F) (220 °F)
ant with too high content of antifreeze. 40 % - 23 °C 106 °C
(--9 °F) (223 °F)
WATER 50 % - 37 °C 108 °C
(--35 °F) (226 °F)

6. 6
 SERVICE

COOLING SYSTEM

Filling and draining mixture is 50%, which gives frost protec-

The system can be drained by opening the tion down to --37 °C (. page 5. 19).
expansion tank cap and the drain cock in Undiluted antifreeze liquid must not
the radiator bottom pipe. be used in the cooling system, and the use
of unnecessarily high antifreeze content
should be avoided because it increases the
thermal strain of the engine. Plain water
must never be used as cooling liquid. Use
clean water from the tap for the mixture.
Coolant mixture with antifreeze shall also
Drain cock be used in the summer (minimum 33%),
to protect the system against corrosion.
Maintenance cover for
the automatic transmis-
Run the engine and make sure that no
sion in wagon bottom air is left in the system.
Check the freezing point of the coolant
Figure 6--1 every now and then.
Clean the system carefully. Congealment of the coolant does not
Fill the system with coolant liquid cause mechanical damage to the engine.
before starting and while the engine is Warming up of the engine must then be
cold. If the engine is hot, pouring of cold made with special care, and the coolant
liquid into system may cause damage to must not boil.
the cylinder block and cylinder head. If coolant had been boiled, it must be
Use glycol based SISU antifreeze with changed.
adequate content. The max. proportion of

Draining cock
(. also figure 6--1 )

Figure 6--2. Draining points of the cooling system

6. 7
 SERVICE

COOLING SYSTEM
Water pump
Below the water pump there is a leakage
hole which must not be blocked. If liquid
drops appear from this hole, the pump seal
must be changed immediately. The leak-
age liquid flushes all the grease from the
ball bearings, at which the bearing gets
rusted and seizes. Because expertise and
special tools are required for the disman-
tling and assembly of the pump, it must be
done by a professional repair shop.
The first lubrication shall be carried
out after ≈30 running hours (or after ≈600
driven kilometers) then in connection
with every regular maintenance 2. The
lubricant shall be heat resistant ball bear-
ing grease (e.g. SHELL RETINAX A).
Do not apply too much grease into the
bearings, because it will be pressed out of
the bearing compartment and cause dam-
age to the sealing.

Lubricate the fan shaft bearings at

the same time.

6. 8
 SERVICE

FUEL SYSTEM

Water is continuously condensing into which makes the condensing area as small
diesel fuel, and because it is heavier than as possible.
fuel, it is collected into a water collector In order to avoid disturbances in
on the bottom of the fuel tanks. engine operation, drain the water from the
Keep the fuel tanks as full as possible, tanks weekly

Replacement of fuel filters with clean fuel, paying special attention to

the groove of ring 5.

6
5

4
Clean the filters and covers from the out-
side. Undo the middle screws (1), and the 2
bottom covers (2) and filter elements (3)
come off. Turn the filter element (3) a little Install new seal rings carefully, and place
while pulling it out, so it is easily removed the new filters correctly; install the bottom
from the center seal. Detach the sealing covers and tighten the middle screws.
rings (4), (5) and (6). Clean the covers Bleed air from the fuel system

6. 9
 SERVICE

(FUEL SYSTEM)

Bleeding of the fuel system

Air can enter into the system when it runs the injection pump by using a 27 mm
out of fuel, when filters are replaced, and thinned open spanner, approx. 2 turns.
if a pipe connector is opened and becomes Pump with the hand pump until air--free
loose. Before the bleeding, check that all fuel comes from the damper. Tighten the
the connections are tight. Clean the bleed- damper while the fuel still flows. Be care-
ing screw heads and their surrounding ful not to tighten it too much.
areas before bleeding.
The fuel system is so designed
that in normal conditions the
system is automatically bled by
pumping with the hand pump. If,
however, this does not work, carry
out the bleeding as described
above.

Hand pump
Loosen the bleeding screw on the filter
cover by a few turns. Pump with the hand Feed pump
pump until air--free fuel comes through
the bleeding screw, tighten the bleeding If the engine does start with air in the fuel
screw while the fuel still flows. system, remaining air will escape auto-
Loosen the pressure damper (between matically from the system when engine is
the cylinder block and injection pump) in running

6. 10
 SERVICE

(FUEL SYSTEM)

Injection pump and injectors

mechanical devices, which must be
inspected and serviced using special tools
and expertise. It is absolutely necessary to
rely on a specialist repair shop.
The injection pump is connected to the
engine’s lubrication system; the same
lubricating oil circulates in the pump and
in the engine. Thus, the injection pump oil
The injection pump and injectors are fine need not be added or checked.

Removing of the injector

Wash the injector and its surroundings
carefully.
Remove the injection pipe and injector
leak pipe. Open the retaining nuts of the
injector and lift the injector with its clamp
from the cylinder cover. If the injector
does not come off manually, use an extrac-
tor.
Place protecting plugs on all the open
connections.
Remove the sealing washers from the
cylinder head, unless they come off with
the injector.

6. 11
 SERVICE

(FUEL SYSTEM)

Installation of the injector

Check that the injector seat on the cylinder Make sure that the injection pipe is
head and the surroundings are clean. straight toward the fastening nut when
Insert the injector to its seat in the cyl- fastened. If it is not, the sealing cone will
inder head. Use a new sealing washer. be damaged and may leak.
Fasten the injection pipe support.
The spraying pattern is not
symmetrical. therefore, it
is important that the injector is 1
installed in the correct position in 2
the cylinder cover. The leak con-
nector of the injector must be at 3
the valve mechanism side.

Place the injector clamp to its place and 4

tighten the nuts to the given torque
(15 Nm).
Install the leak and injection pipe.
Check the condition of the injection pipe 1 Clamp
before installation. If there are ruptures in 2 Washer
the pipe or a sealing cone is damaged, 3 Rubber ring
replace the pipe by a new one. 4 Seal washer

6. 12
 SERVICE

TRANSMISSION,
STEERING SYSTEM AND
AXLES

7. 1
 SERVICE

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Periodic inspections
It is very important to check the oil level By monitoring the function of the
in the automatic transmission, function of transmission, with upshifts or downshifts,
accelerator pedal linkage regularly. and by performing the regular inspec-
• In order to make the inspections eas- tions, damages to the transmission can be
ier, keep the transmission clean (pro- prevented.
tect the breather while washing the Importance of correct oil level
transmission)
Because the transmission oil cools, lubri-
cates, and transmits hydraulic power, it is
DO NOT USE high pres-
important that the proper oil level be
sure washer to electrical
maintained at all times. If the oil level is
connectors of the automatic trans-
too low, the converter and clutches will
mission.
not receive an adequate supply of oil. If
the level is too high, the oil will aerate and
• Check for loose screws and leakages the transmission will overheat.
in the connections from time to time.
• Check the condition of engine throttle Correct oil level is impor-
position sensor and linkage regularly tant — too high or too low
oil level affects harmfully to the
• Monitor condition of the engine cool- function of the transmission.
ing system and coolant. Oil in the
coolant may be a sign of leakage in the Check the oil level always within
transmission oil cooler. engine oil check--ups or more often if
Inform the service staff of anything abnor- there is reason to suspect that the oil level
mal you observe. is not correct.

7. 2
 SERVICE

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION)
Oil level check (by gear selector)
Transmission oil level in the sump can be If the two minutes countdown will be
measured by gear selector when engine is stopped, one of the codes will be dis-
idling and sump temperature is between played to show the reason that the count-
+60 … +104_C (140…220_F) and output down was interrupted . Trouble codes.
stopped. 5. Check the oil level in the display:
S ”OL”/”OK” flashing alternately in
display -- oil level is OK.
S ”OL”/”HI”/”02” flashing alter-
nately in display -- Oil level is two
quarts too high.
S ”OL”/”LO”/”05” flashing alter-
nately in display -- Oil level is five
quarts too low.
Digits with the LO and HI signs does
Perform as follows: mean quarts (=0.95 liter).
1. Operate transmission until normal Trouble codes
operation temperature 71--93_C ”OL” ”-- --” ”0 X”
(160--200_F) is reached. Oil tempera- Settling time too short
ture has significant affect to the height ”OL” ”-- --” ”5 0”
of oil level. Engine speed (rpm) too low
2. Shift to (D) and then to Reverse (R) to ”OL” ”-- --” ”5 9”
clear the hydraulic circuits of air. Engine speed (rpm) too high
”OL” ”-- --” ”6 5”
3. Park vehicle on a level surface, shift to Neutral (N) must be selected
Neutral (N) and apply the parking ”OL” ”-- --” ”7 0”
brake. Sump oil temperature too low
4. Push UP and DOWN arrow buttons ”OL” ”-- --” ”7 9”
simultaneously to enter the oil level Sump oil temperature too high
sensor mode. Display will flash and 8, ”OL” ”-- --” ”8 9”
7, … 1 count will occur during the two Output shaft rotation
minutes. ”OL” ”-- --” ”9 5”
Sensor failure
In the display will appear flashing
”OL” and some of indications: ”OK”, Push at any time the (N), (D), or (R) but-
”LO” or ”HI” tons to exit the oil level sensor mode.

7. 3
 SERVICE

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION)

Oil level check (by dipstick)

Oil filling and check

Oil dipstick is under a cover in the

bottom of the radiator compart-
ment. Cover is fastened by two
retaining screws.

Clean around the end of the fill tube before The only purpose of the Cold check is to
removing the dipstick. Dirt or foreign determine if the transmission has enough
matter must not be permitted to enter the oil to be safely operated until a hot check
oil system because it can cause valves to can be made.
stick, cause undue wear of transmission
parts, or clog passages. Check oil level by CAUTION!
following procedure: DO NOT start the engine
until the presence of transmission
WARNING fluid has been confirmed. Re-
When checking the oil move the transmission fluid dip-
level, be sure that the parking stick and be sure that the static
brake and/or emergency brakes
fluid level is near the HOT FULL
are set and properly engaged, mark.
and the wheels are chocked.
Unexpected and possibly sudden
vehicle movement may occur if
these precautions are not taken.

7. 4
 SERVICE

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION)
• If the engine has been out of operation
for a longer period of time, park CAUTION!
vehicle on a level surface and apply An accurate fluid level
the parking brake. check cannot be made unless the
• Run the engine at idle in N (neutral) engine is idling (500--800 rpm) in
for at least one minute. Shift to N (neutral), the transmission fluid
D (drive) and then to R (reverse) to is at the proper temperature, and
clear the hydraulic circuits of air. Then the vehicle is on a level surface.
shift to N (neutral and leave the engine
to idle (500--800 rpm). Quality of oil
• After wiping the dipstick clean, check
The manufacturer recommends the use of
the oil level. If the oil on the dipstick
MIL--L--2104D, ATF DEXRON II or type
is within COLD FULL band, the level
C--4 oils for automatic transmission (.
is satisfactory for operating the trans-
page 5. 19).
mission until the oil is hot enough to
perform HOT FULL check. If the oil Keeping oil clean
level is not within COLD FULL band,
It is absolutely important that the oil
add or drain oil as necessary to bring
added to the transmission is completely
the level to the middle of the COLD
clean. Oil must be handled in clean con-
FULL band.
tainers, fillers, etc., to prevent foreign
Perform a hot check at first opportunity material entering the transmission. Lay
after the normal operating temperature dipstick in a clean place while filling the
71--93_C (160--200_F) (. page 7. 3). transmission.
Never use antifreeze (ethylene glycol)
CAUTION! containers for oil.
The transmission must not
be operated for extended periods
of time until a Hot Check has veri-
fied proper fluid level.
Transmission damage can result
from extended operation at im-
proper fluid level conditions.

7. 5
 SERVICE

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION)
Oil and filter change Check condition of the oil as pre-
Oil and filter change frequency is deter- scribed earlier.
mined in the schedule of the Regular
Maintenance 3 (. page 5. 12).
More frequent changes may be
required when operations are subject to
high levels of contamination or overheat-
ing. Local conditions, severity of trans-
mission service or the durations of the
operation periods may require more or
less frequent oil change intervals.

If you have slightest doubt

of oil cooler cleanness
after its cleaning, replace the Oil draining
cooler by a new one. V 3/8 ”
5. To remove internal filters, remove
1. The transmission should be at the twelve bolts, two filter covers, two
operating temperature 71 °C -- 93 °C O--rings, two square cut seals and two
when the oil is drained. This will filters.
ensure quicker and better drainage. 6. To install filters, pre--lube and install
2. Stop the engine and open the transmis- the two O--rings, two square cut seals
sion service hatch at the wagon bot- followed by filters (lube O--ring on
tom. cover and filter cartridge only) onto
the filter covers, Index each filter/
3. Clean the draining plug and filter cov- cover assembly to the holes in the
ers with surroundings carefully on the channel plate/sump. Push cover
control module. assembly to seat seals. Install six bolt
4. Remove the drain plug from the con- in each cover and tighten to 51--61
trol module and allow the oil drain. Nm.

7. 6
 SERVICE

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION)
(Change of oil and filters) After refill, check the oil level using
described procedure. . Inspection loca-
tions and filling quantities, page 5. 18.
The refill amount is less than the initial fill
because some of the oil remains in the
external circuits and transmission cavi-
ties.

Transmission breather

The breather is located at the top of the

Main cir- transmission converter housing. It serves
cuit to prevent pressure buildup within the
Lube circuit transmission and must be kept clean and
the passage open. The prevalence of dust
and dirt will determine the frequency at
which the breather requires cleaning. Use
care when cleaning the transmission.
Spraying steam, water or cleaning solu-
tion directly at the breather can force the
Do not use bolts to draw water or solution into transmission.
cover to sump; this can
Always use a wrench of proper size to
damage cover/seal/sump
remove or replace the breather. Pliers or a
pipe wrench can crush or damage the stem
Reinstall the drain plug(s) and tighten to and produce metal chips which could
25--32 Nm. enter the transmission.

7. 7
 SERVICE

TRANSFER GEARBOX

n
1

19 mm
Oil draining
Oil level check, refill (Temperature sender)
and draining

Oil level check ter must not be permitted to enter the gear-
box. Turn the dipstick until it can be pulled
out. After wiping the dipstick clean, check
the oil level. Turn the dipstick deep
enough for proper oil level check. If the oil
on the dipstick is between the markings
markings, the level is OK. Add or drain oil
Before oil level check, clean the dipstick oil of recommended quality as necessary.
and its surroundings. Dirt or foreign mat-

7. 8
 SERVICE

(TRANSFER GEARBOX)
Oil change blowing air into the oil pressure hose (4),
The transmission should be at the operat- and the end of the return hose (3) is
ing temperature when the oil is changed. detached and put into a container or when
This will ensure quicker and better drain- the hose is installed in the gearbox and oil
age. is collected there.
Clean the dipstick and its surround- Regarding oil changes, follow the ser-
ings. Dirt or foreign matter must not be vice intervals of service acc. to Regular
permitted to enter the gearbox. Turn the maintenance 3 (. page 5. 12).
dipstick until it can be pulled out. Install
oil changer unit into the dipstick tube and
pump the old oil out from the gearbox, or
open the temperature sender, and drain the 1 2
oil out. 4
Refill gearbox by oil of recommended
quality through filling opening (dipstick
tube). Filling volume . Inspection loca-
tions and filling quantities, page 5. 18.
Install the dipstick.
Clean the breather in the dipstick in 3 (2)
connection with oil change.

Breather
Coolant
circulation

In the transfer gearbox (1) circuit there is

a oil cooler (2) . figure 7--1, which is
Transfer gearbox
located in the engine compartment in the
oil circulation
left hand side the vehicle. It is important
also to change the oil in the cooler within Figure 7--1. Transfer gearbox oil cool-
the oil change. This can be done e.g. by ing

7. 9
 SERVICE

STEERING SYSTEM

Oil level check ment inside the vehicle.

Check the oil level while the engine is run- The oil level should be between the
ning. The check is done trough the large marks on the dipstick. Add recommended
maintenance hatch of the engine compart- type of oil when necessary.

1. Angle transmission 4. Auxiliary cylinder

2. Steering gear 5. Hydraulic pump
3. Air bleeding screw 6. Oil reservoir and dipstick

Oil and filter change, system bleeding

Lift the front axles on the stands, clean the wire and crank the engine for a few
surroundings of filling plug and open the seconds. This makes the oil to drain out
plug (take care not to dropping dirt or for- faster.
eign particles into the reservoir; the suc-
tion pipe has no screen, and thus for- Do not let the engine run,
eign particles entering the reservoir and because the pump has
pump can cause serious damage). Open no oil now.
the hose connections of the auxiliary cyl-
inder and put hose ends i a suitable con- When no oil is flowing, fasten the hose
tainer. Disconnect the shut off solenoid connectors to the auxiliary cylinder.

7. 10
 SERVICE

(STEERING SYSTEM)

(Oil and filter change, system bleeding)

Open the reservoir cover and release the and open the screw while the engine is
filter fastener. Remove the filter cartridge running. When completely air free oil is
and discharge it. Change the cover gasket running out, close the bleeding screw. Use
if needed. Install a new filter and install a bleeding hose and a suitable container,
fastener. Install the cover after refilling of if necessary.
the oil.
Fill the reservoir with recommended Reservoir cover
type of oil. Crank the engine for a few
seconds. Add oil into the reservoir simul- Sealing ring
taneously.
Connect the shut off solenoid wire. Fastener
Start the engine and let it idle. Turn the
steering wheel slowly from one side to the
Filter cartridge
another. Check the oil level and make sure
there are no air bubbles in the oil. The oil
level must be between the dipstick marks, Dip stick
add oil if necessary.
Close the reservoir cover. Lower the Oil reservoir
axles from the stand; test the power steer-
ing with the wheels on the ground.
Finally check that there is no air in the
power steering casing. Remove the
protection cover of the air bleeding screw

7. 11
 SERVICE

AXLES

Oil level checks in differentials

Check the oil level while the vehicle is standing on even ground. The oil level of the dif-
ferential casing shall be on the level of the lower edge of the level check opening (. fig-
ure 7--7).

Front axle Intermediate axle Rear axle

Level check Level check

Figure 7--2

7. 12
 SERVICE

(AXLES)

Oil level check in wheel hubs

Figure 7--3
When checking oil level of the wheel
hubs, turn the wheel so that the filling/
checking plug is at four o’clock position
(. figure 7--4).
The oil level shall be on the level of the
lower edge of the opening. Add recom-
mended type of oil when necessary. Figure 7--4

7. 13
 SERVICE

(AXLES)

Oil changes in differentials and

wheel hubs
Change oil immediately after driving, at
which the oil is warm and drains easily.
Remove the oil draining plug and oil
filling/checking plug as well as the filling/
checking plugs in the wheel hubs; turn the
wheels so that the oil plugs are at the low-
Oil drain plug
est position (. figure 7--6).
Clean and fasten the oil draining plug
of differential casing carefully, after the Figure 7--5
oil has drained out; turn the wheels so that
the oil plugs of the wheel hubs are in their
upmost position.
Fill the differential casing (13 dm3)
and wheel hubs (0,6 dm3/hub) with rec-
ommended type of oil.
Check the oil levels from the wheel
hubs.
Clean and fasten the oil plugs care-
fully.
Figure 7--6

Front axle Intermediate axle Rear axle

Refilling Refilling

Level check Level check

Figure 7--7

7. 14
 SERVICE

FRONT AXLES

Lubrication of king pins and

steering joints
The upper and lower bearings of the king
pins are lubricated with multipurpose
grease through the grease nipples in the
bearing covers.
The ball joints of track rod and tie rod
are also lubricated with multipurpose
grease.
Lubrication of universal joints
Lubricate the universal joints of half
shafts in connection with basic axle Figure 7--8. Lubrication of king pins
repairs. and steering joints

PROPELLER SHAFTS

Lubrication of universal joints and

support bearing Propeller shafts splines
are life time lubricated. Do
Lubricate the universal joints and support
not lubricate them!
bearing with multipurpose grease through
the respective grease nipples.

7. 15
 SERVICE

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM,
BRAKE SYSTEM, WHEELS,
ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT and DRIVE
BELTS

8. 1
 SERVICE

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

4 3 1
2 5

(4)

10 11
(5) (5)

12
9 6
(1) (5)

8
7 (5) (5)
Fig 8 ---1
Pneumatic system

1 Compressor 7 Service brake pedal valve

2 Quick release valve 8 Air tank for rear brake circuit
3 Regeneration reservoir 9 Four--circuit safety valve
4 Air dryer (see fig 8--2) 10 Air tank for front brake circuit
5 Air pressure to brake chamber 11 Air tank for parking brake circuit
6 Relay valve 12 Parking brake control valve

8. 2
 SERVICE

(PNEUMATIC SYSTEM)
Inspection of system tightness ture is absorbed into the desiccant’s crys-
Check the tightness while the tank pres- tal structure.
sure is 600 kPa (6 bar) and the engine is Desiccant cartridge (1) must be
stopped. The tank pressure may be fallen replaced once a year, because impurities
max. 10 kPa (0.1 bar) in 10 minutes, and will in the course of time collect into the
max. 60 kPa (0.6 bar) in an hour. In case desiccant’s structure.
the pressure is fallen more, there is a leak- When replacing the cartridge unscrew
age which has to be repaired immediately. the cartridge (1). Lubricate the new car-
tridge’s sealing surface with a thin film of
Compressor condition oil, and then screw the cartridge into place
and tighten it by hand.

1 2

3
7 4
If the pressure in the pneumatic system of 5
the vehicle is not kept at 700...800 kPa
(7--8 bar) while the engine is running, 6
except for temporary pressure fall caused Figure 8--2
by several successive braking, check the
condition of the compressor and pressure 1 Desiccant cartridge
regulator, and repair immediately. 2 Regeneration reservoir
3 Air to regeneration reservoir
Air Dryer
4 Air to braking system
The vehicle is equipped with air dryer
5 Tyre filling valve
witch prevents the moisture entering the
system. The air is led through the dryer’s 6 Air from compressor
granular desiccant, whereupon the mois- 7 Outside filling valve

8. 3
 SERVICE

BRAKE SYSTEM
Push rod Brake chamber When the parking brake is applied, pres-
sure is released from below the parking
brake chamber’s piston, at which the
Brake shoe
spring presses the piston downwards. The
piston rod presses the foot brake chamber
diaphragm, at which the pushing rod at the
diaphragm turns the S axle, and the brakes
are engaged.

Slack adjuster
Brake camshaft

Brake drum
Brake chamber
The front axles have diaphragm type
chambers and rear axles have spring brake
chambers (combined service brake--park-
ing brake chambers).
The picture shows a rear brake cham-
ber when the brake is released. At this
phase, the strong spring in the upper part When the parking brake is released,
of the chamber, in the parking brake compressed air comes in between the dia-
chamber, is compressed together due to phragm and the piston, and the piston goes
the air pressure below the piston. up compressing the spring together.
When the brake pedal is pressed, com-
pressed air comes above the diaphragm
through the pedal valve, and the dia-
phragm moves downwards and the push
rod turn the S --axle.

8. 4
 SERVICE

(BRAKE SYSTEM)
Slack adjusters brake chamber push rod must be
Vehicle is fitted with automatic slack 25--40 mm at front and rear
adjusters. These slack adjusters keep l
brake lining and drum clearance constant
and there is no need for manual adjust-
ments.
Check of the operation
Check operation and measure brake
chamber stroke once a year.
Slack adjuster stroke inspection l
Release the parking brake and make sure
that the vehicle will not move, e.g. by putt-
ing chocks in front of and behind the
wheels. The tank pressure shall be
600 kPa (6 bar). Press the brake pedal to
the bottom. At this, the stroke length (l) of

The stroke length (I) must

be equal on the same axle.

8. 5
 SERVICE

(BRAKE SYSTEM)
Brake linings Lubrication of wheel brake
Check the wear of the brake linings equipment
through the hole in the brake plate, cov-
Lubricate the S--camshaft bearings, slack
ered with a rubber protection. Replace the
adjusters and anchor pins of brake shoes
brake linings in good time before the rivet
(rear axle) with multipurpose grease
heads touch the brake drum. The wear
through the grease nipples.
limit is 6 mm.

Wear limit of the brake lining is indicated by

machined shoulder at lining outer edge. Avoid excessive lubrica-
tion, because the exces-
Wear limit shoul- sive lubricant may come into the
der
brake linings.

8. 6
 SERVICE

WHEELS

Wheel nut tightening

When installing the wheels, check that the
fastening surfaces, studs and nut threads
5 1 7
are undamaged and clean. Lubricate the
threads with a thin layer of oil. 10
3
Tighten the nuts by torque of 4
400--500 Nm (40--50 kpm). In case the 9
threads have not been lubricated, the cor- 8 6
responding torque is 550 Nm (55 kpm). 2
Look at the picture for the tightening order
of the fastening nuts. After fastening the wheels, check
the nut tightness not later than
after one day’s driving!

Tyres
When driving at higher speed the tyres get Abnormal wear of the tyres may be due to
warm and are wearing more. This must be worn steering joints and wheel bearings or
taken into account, especially in the sum- unbalanced tyres and wrong front wheel
mer when the tyre temperature is higher steering angles. If such faults occur, have
than normal in continuous driving. your vehicle repaired as soon as possible.
Remove the stones stuck in the
grooves of the tread.
Clean oily or greasy tyres immedi-
ately.

8. 7
 SERVICE

FUSES AND RELAYS

Relays
B 1 K1 K2

Fuses
F 1 F 13 K3 K4
K5
F 2 F 14
F 3 F 15 K6
K7 K8
F 4
F 16
F 5 F 17 K9 K 10
F 6
F 18
F 7 F 19
F 8
F 20
F 9 F 21
F 10 F 22
F 11 F 23
F 12 F 24
F 25

F129

K 11

8. 8
 SERVICE

(FUSES AND RELAYS)

Fuses
F1 LH High beam . . . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A F20 Flashing beacon,
F2 RH High beam . . . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A Smoke grenades launcher,
F3 LH Low beam . . . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A Auxiliary high beam . . . . . . . 10 A
F21 Map light, flag light . . . . . . . 7,5 A
F4 RH Low beam . . . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A
F22 Current outlet (instrument panel) . 10 A
F5 Convoy lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A
F23 Heater fan switch,
F6 Fan. I speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 A
bilge pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A
F7 Fan. II speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 A F24 Spare
F8 RH Parking light, F25 Military lights (front) . . . . . . . . 5 A
Instrument lights . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A
F129 Main fuse . . . . . . . . . . 2x50 A
F9 Fire extinguishing system,
cabin light, Relays
current outlet (rear) . . . . . . . . 10 A B1 Direction indicators
F10 LH Parking light . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A K1 Low beam
F11 Spare (Flag light) . . . . . . . . . 7,5 A K2 High beam
F12 Military lights (rear) . . . . . . . . 5 A K3 Fan I
F13 Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A K4 Horn
F14 Direction indicators . . . . . . . 7,5 A K5 Spare
F15 Combination switch . . . . . . . 7,5 A K6 Fan II
F16 Gauges and indicator lights . 7,5 A K7 Spare
F17 Brake lights, wipers . . . . . . . . 15 A K8 Spare
F18 Spare (windscreen heating, K9 Spare
auxiliary main beam switch) 7,5 A K10 Spare
F19 Reverse light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A K11 Coolant level

8. 9
 SERVICE

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT
Batteries difficulties in starting, and in order to
Keep the battery terminals, cable clamps maintain the charging ability, always keep
and outer surfaces of the batteries clean the batteries fully charged. If they are con-
and dry. Corrosion of terminals and cable tinuously undercharged, the plates are sul-
clamps can be prevented by applying a phatized and the battery’s capacity and
thin layer of grease on the outside after chargeability are decreased.
cleaning them. However, keep the contact
surfaces dry, so that contact disturbances 1250
would not occur in the joint. Clean and 1275
1285
tighten the other oxidized or slackened
cable connections in the circuit.
When detaching the battery cables, the
engine must be stopped. Detach the
earth cable first. When installing the
cable clamps, connect the earth cable
to the terminal last and tighten the cable
clamps carefully.
The specific weight of a fully charged
battery electrolyte is 1.28 kg/dm3, and
that of a half charged battery 1.20 kg/dm3
(in a temp. of +20 °C). In order to avoid

8. 10
 SERVICE

(ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT)
Level checks of battery electrolyte
The electrolyte liquid level must be
approx. 10 mm above the plates. If neces-
sary, add clean distilled water.

WARNING:
Never use open fire
when checking battery liquid
levels, for the gas developing
during charging is very explo-
sive. The liquid is corrosive
sulfuric acid diluted with water,
so handle the batteries with
care.

Lights
Check the headlights, parking lights and
direction indicators daily. Replace defec-
tive bulbs, take care not to handle the new
bulbs with bare hands. Use gloves or the
paper protecting the bulbs.
Check aiming of the headlights fre-
quently.

8. 11
 SERVICE

(ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT)

Alternator Starter
The nominal voltage of the electric system The main parts of the starter are: armature,
is 24 V. The electricity needed is produced field coil, starting solenoid, and a bendix
by an three phase alternator . drive.
Its main parts of alternator are: rotor,
field, stator, end covers and fan. In the
cover at the slide ring end are the semicon-
ductor rectifiers which turns the AC elec-
tricity produced in the main winding into
direct current.
The generator received the initiative
The starter works in two stages. When the
magnetizing current through a signal
ignition key is turned to the starting posi-
lamp or a corresponding resistance. When
tion, the solenoid circuit is connected and
the engine is started and the generator
the solenoid piston pushes the bendix gear
voltage becomes higher than that of the
on the armature shaft into flywheel ring
battery, the magnetizing current comes
gear. After this, the solenoid connects the
direct from the alternator main current
starting current circuit, and the starter
pole.
starts to rotate the engine’s crankshaft.
When the ignition key is released from
starting position, the solenoid circuit is cut
off and a return spring pulls the piston
back. At this, the bendix gear is also
detached from the contact on the flywheel
ring gear.

8. 12
 SERVICE

INSPECTION OF DRIVE BELT TENSION

Low charge of the batteries may often be

due to slackened or worn alternator drive
belts.
Therefore, it is recommended to check
the drive belts at least weekly.
The belts is tensioned correctly, they
can be pressed approx. 20 mm in the
middle of the longest span when pressed
by a finger. If the tension of the drive belts
must be adjusted, slacken the belt ten-
sioner or fastening of alternator and move
the alternator or the belt tensioner to
achieve proper belt tension. Fasten the
alternator or the belt tensioner again.
When replacing the drive belts, adjust
the distance between pulleys to minimum,
so it is easier to install the new belts. If
your vehicle has two alternator drive
belts, always replace them at the same
time.

8. 13
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
SISU XA--185 6x6 ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER

9. 1
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS

7360 2900

2470 2780

38° 40°
360

2030 1900 1900 2400

Max. permissi- Vehicle own Pay load Total weight

ble axle loads weight
Front Axle 7 500 kg
Intermediate Axle 7 500 kg
Rear Axle 7 500 kg
Total: 13 500 kg
On road 5 500 kg 19 000 kg
Off--road 2 500 kg 16 000 kg
In water 2 500 kg 16 000 kg

PERFORMANCE
Max. speed on road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 km/h
Max. swimming speed in water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 km/h
Turning circle, dia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 m
Gradeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited by wheel friction
Max Side tilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 °

ENGINE
Make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valmet
Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 DWI
Number of cylinders . . . . . . 6 in--line
Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,4 dm3
Aspiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turbocharged, intercooled
Max. Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 kW/2100 r/min
Max. torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050 Nm/1250 rpm

9. 2
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Make and model . . . . . . . . . 6 + 1 speed Allison MD 3560P, with TC 419 torque
converter
Gear Ratios:
Speed Ratio
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,59
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,25
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,54
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,00
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,75
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,65
Reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,00
Torque converter:
Stall torque ratio . . . . . . . 2,03

TRANSFER GEARBOX
Make and model . . . . . . . . . Katsa L310--1.45P, 1--speed gearbox,
Oil cooled in a separate circuit
Gear Ratio:
1:1,45

AXLES
Total axle ratio:
5,56:1
• Axles are fitted with hub reduction gears
• Pneumatic controlled differential locks in all axles
• Continuous 6 x 6 drive
• Brake drums in all wheels (6 pcs)

Model
Front axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SISU DEB
Intermediate axle . . . . . . . . . SISU DETB
Rear axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SISU DTB

9. 3
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

TYRES, DISC WHEELS AND WHEEL CHAINS

Tyre size 14.00 R 20, Nokia MPT radial.
Disc wheels 10.00--20.
Available optional extras: ”run--flat” equipment, which helps maintain the move-
ability of the vehicle with flat tyres.
All the wheels can be equipped with ordinary friction chains or swamp chains,
which make the ground pressure decrease significantly. With swamp chains, you
can drive at road speed 60 km/h.
The recommended tyre pressure:
For safety tyres (e.g. NOKIA Hutchinson) . . . 400 kPa (4,0 bar)
For radial tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 kpa (4,5 bar)

SUSPENSION
All the axles are equipped with parabolic leaf springs. The front ends of the
springs are fastened with vulcanized steel pins and the rear ends with slide shoes.
All the axles are fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers.
Spring length 1700 mm, number of leafs 2.

STEERING SYSTEM
Hydraulic power steering acting to front and intermediate axles.
System has mechanical contact between steering wheel and axles.
Power steering aided by slave cylinder for the intermediate axle wheels.
Power steering has a separate hydraulic circuit.

BRAKES
Service brakes:
Dual circuit air brakes with automatically adjustable drum brakes
Parking brake:
Parking brake cylinders are in the rear axle and affecting to all wheels trough
the transmission line

WINCH
Sisu--Katsa worm gear winch with hydraulic drive. Pulling from front or from
rear, maximum pulling force 80 kN, wire length 50 m, drive releasable winch
drum.

9. 4
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

FILTERS
Engine intake air filter of dry type.
Separate filters for engine, transmission and hydraulic oils.
Axles have permanent magnets.
Axle and hub breather air is filtered from inside the vehicle.

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Max. pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 8,0 bar
Compressor capacity . . . . . . 380 l/min / 2100 rpm
Pneumatic system is fitted with air drier, tyre filling valve and system filling valve
from external source.

FUEL SYSTEM
In fuel system there are two fuel tanks on ≈145 liters each, fitted by level senders
and gauges.
Used fuel tank can be selected by means of fuel cocks.

COLD STARTING SYSTEM

Engine injection pump has additional cold starting fuel feed
Engine is fitted by Thermostarter flame type cold starting aid system.
Electric engine block heater, 220 V 1,5 kW.
Optional auxiliary diesel driven heater system, which is connected to engine cool-
ing system by quick connectors.

9. 5
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

ELECTRIC SYSTEM
Nominal voltage 24 V.
2 pcs 12 V lead batteries of capacity of 160 Amp.hrs each.
Generator output capacity 1320 W.
Electric equipment outside the chassis are waterproof.
Additional war headlights and rear lights. Cabin lights with war lights function.

SWIMMING EQUIPMENT
Two tunnel installed propellers with hydrostatic drive. Closed hydraulic circuit,
with possibility to auxiliary hydraulic outlets.
Hydraulic pump and propeller hydraulic motors are axial piston units.
Valves installed on a common hydraulic block.
Max. pressure 280 bar.

FRAME
Pulling and lifting points:
Pulling pin at the front and at the rear Leko 11 pulling pin, lifting
points (6 pcs), transport points (4 pcs).

TRAILER CONNECTIONS
Electric connector: SFS--ISO 1724 connector with 24 V voltage.

DOORS AND HATCHES

In driver cabin there are two doors and two roof hatches.
In crew compartment there are two rear doors and two roof hatches.
Roof hatch / Weapon mount and 6 pcs cunners hatch
All the hatches and doors are sealed and equipped with springs.

CABIN
Visibility
There are two windscreens and two side windows in driver cabin, which are
of armoured glass.

9. 6
 STORAGE

SHORT TERM STORAGE

The vehicle storage shall be understood as maintaining of the technical condition of the
vehicle, assuring the preservation process and ability to reconvert the vehicle into run-
ning conditions during a short period of the time.
Basic terms of the storage
Short term storage will take place when the vehicle is taken out of operation for more than
30 days but less than 4 months
Vehicle storage shall be performed under open vehicle roofing or inside unheated or
heated garages (sheds). The ground (floor) of the storage area have to be well humidity
and cold insulated and either covered or made of gravel. Equipment in the storage must
not be affected by direct sun light or affected by artificial light emitting ultraviolet radi-
ation
Storage
Preparing steps
-- fill the fuel tanks
-- fill oil and liquid reservoirs
-- fill the cooling system by water/antifreeze mixture with minimum --35° C freezing
point
-- check oil levels in engine, transmission, transfer gearbox, axles and in the winch sys-
tem
-- inspect vehicle accessories
-- remove the batteries and take them to proper storage
Tyres
-- check tyre pressures
Doors
Lubricate door seal strips by silicone lubricant and leave doors slightly open, so that the
seal strips are not pressed
Periodic storage control
-- install batteries
-- perform the check of the running conditions.
-- repair possible corrosion defects

9. 7
 INDEX
C M
CHECKS BEFORE OPERATION, 2. 9 MAINTENANCE, 5. 2
Automatic transmission oil level check, 2. 9 Daily checks, 5. 4
Coolant level, 2. 10 Follow up list of regular maintenance, 5. 15
Engine oil level, 2. 9 Follow--up of yearly services, 5. 16
Fuel system, 2. 11 Initial maintenance 1, 5. 5
Hydraulic system, 2. 13 Initial maintenance 2, 5. 7
Lights, 2. 12 Initial maintenance of new vehicle, 5. 3
Oil level in transfer gearbox, 2. 9 Inspection locations and filling quantities, 5. 18
Pneumatic system, 2. 13 Lubrication diagram, 5. 17
Service brakes, 2. 12 Lubrication oils and liquid recommendations, 5.
Tyre pressures and wheel fastenings, 2. 12 19
Maintenance schedule, 5. 2
Oils, 5. 2
Regular maintenance 1, 5. 9
D Regular maintenance 2, 5. 11
Regular maintenance 3, 5. 12
DATA ON OWNER AND VEHICLE, 1. 6 Service instructions, 5. 3
Weekly checks, 5. 4
DRIVING, 3. 6
Yearly maintenance, 5. 13
Accelerator control, 3. 7
Automatic transmission, 3. 8
Electronic control system, 3. 9
Do not shift light, 3. 15 O
Downshift or reverse inhibitor feature, 3. 14
OPERATION CONTROLS, 2. 3
Driving on ice or snow, 3. 17
Gauges and switches, 2. 2
Engine overheating, 3. 19
Indicator and warning lights, 2. 4
Engine stopping, 3. 20
Gear preselection, 3. 14 OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS, 3. 21
Gear selection, 3. 12 Brake system, 3. 30
Gear selector, 3. 11 Braking, 3. 30
Parking, 3. 18 Mechanical releasing of parking brake, 3. 31
Rocking out, 3. 17 Parking brake, 3. 30
Running in, 3. 19 Safety valve (parking brakes), 3. 30
Service indicator light, 3. 14 Differential locks, 3. 21
Start of driving, 3. 6 Fire extinguishing system, 3. 27
Start of driving during cold weather, 3. 6 Heating and ventilation of the driver‘s cabin, 3.
Transmission, 3. 8 32
Transmission overheating, 3. 19 Heating of troop compartment, 3. 32
Using the engine to slow the vehicle or equip- Vehicle towing, 3. 36
ment, 3. 14 Winch, 3. 22
Warm up operation, 3. 6 Winter operation, 3. 33
Auxiliary heater (fuel driven), 3. 34
Cabin heating, 3. 34
Engine pre-- heating, 3. 34
G Heater functions, 3. 35
Overheating, 3. 35
GAUGES AND INDICATOR LIGHTS, 2. 5 Removing of auxiliary heater from the vehicle,
Air pressure gauge for the brake system, 2. 6 3. 35
Fuel gauge, 2. 6 Stopping of the heater, 3. 34
Indicator ligh for parking brake, 2. 7 Electric engine block heater, 3. 33
Oil pressure gauge, 2. 5 Oils, 3. 33
Tachometer and operating hour meter, 2. 6
Temperature gauge, 2. 5
Voltmeter, 2. 5 P
Warning lights for transmission oil temperature,
2. 7 PREFACE, 1. 7

10. 1
 INDEX
S (S)
SERVICE, 6. 2 (SERVICE)
Automatic transmission, 7. 2 Steering system, 7. 10
Oil and filter change, system bleeding, 7. 10
Importance of correct oil level, 7. 2
Oil level check, 7. 10
Keeping oil clean, 7. 5
Transfer gearbox, 7. 8
Oil and filter change, 7. 6
Oil change, 7. 9
Oil level check (by dipstick), 7. 4
Oil level check, 7. 8
Oil level check (by gear selector), 7. 3
Periodic inspections, 7. 2 SISU XA- 185, 1. 8
Quality of oil, 7. 5 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, AIR CONDITIONING 4.
Transmission breather, 7. 7 5
Trouble codes, 7. 3 Setting of the cabin inside temperature, 4. 5
Axles, 7. 12
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, 4. 1
Oil changes in differentials and wheel hubs, 7. 14
Fixing of the stretcher supports, 4. 2
Oil level check in wheel hubs, 7. 13
Oil level checks in differentials, 7. 12 STARTING, 3. 2
Brake system, 8. 4 Cold weather operation, 3. 3
Brake chamber, 8. 4 Cold start, 3. 4
Brake linings, 8. 6 Use of additional fuel apparatus, 3. 5
Lubrication of wheel brake equipment, 8. 6 STORAGE, 9. 7
Slack adjuster stroke inspection, 8. 5
SWITCHES, 2. 8
Slack adjusters, 8. 5 Combination switch, 2. 8
Cooling system, 6. 6 Light switch, 2. 8
Coolant, 6. 6
Filling and draining, 6. 7
Water pump, 6. 8
Electric equipment, 8. 10
T
Alternator, 8. 12 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, 9. 1
Batteries, 8. 10 Automatic Transmission, 9. 3
Level checks of battery electrolyte, 8. 11 Axles, 9. 3
Lights, 8. 11 Brakes, 9. 4
Starter, 8. 12 Cabin, 9. 6
Engine, 6. 2 Cold starting system, 9. 5
Air filter, 6. 2 Dimensions and weights, 9. 2
Basic inspection of the turbocharger, 6. 3 Doors and hatches, 9. 6
Change of oil filter, 6. 5 Electric system, 9. 6
Crankshaft vibration damper, 6. 4 Engine, 9. 2
Oil change, 6. 5 Filters, 9. 5
Turbocharging, 6. 3 Frame, 9. 6
Front axles, 7. 15 Fuel system, 9. 5
Lubrication of king pins and steering joints, 7. 15 Performance, 9. 2
Lubrication of universal joints, 7. 15 Pneumatic system, 9. 5
Fuel system, 6. 9 Steering system, 9. 4
Bleeding of the fuel system, 6. 10 Suspension, 9. 4
Injection pump and injectors, 6. 11 Swimming equipment, 9. 6
Installation of the injector, 6. 12 Trailer connections, 9. 6
Removing of the injector, 6. 11 Transfer gearbox, 9. 3
Replacement of fuel filters, 6. 9 Tyres, disc wheels and wheel chains, 9. 4
Fuses and relays, 8. 8 Winch, 9. 4
Inspection of drive belt tension, 8. 13 TYPE SIGN, 1. 10
Pneumatic System, Air Dryer, 8. 3
Pneumatic system, 8. 2
Compressor condition, 8. 3 W
Inspection of system tightness, 8. 3
Propeller shafts, 7. 15 WHEELS, 8. 7
Lubrication of universal joints and support bear- Tyres, 8. 7
ing, 7. 15 Wheel nut tightening, 8. 7

10. 2