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Chapter 7S

The document contains mathematical formulations and equations related to interpolation and shape functions in finite element analysis. It details the relationships between natural coordinates and area coordinates, as well as the derivation of shape functions for triangular and tetrahedral elements. Additionally, it includes expressions for calculating values at specific points using these shape functions.

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meria
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2 views19 pages

Chapter 7S

The document contains mathematical formulations and equations related to interpolation and shape functions in finite element analysis. It details the relationships between natural coordinates and area coordinates, as well as the derivation of shape functions for triangular and tetrahedral elements. Additionally, it includes expressions for calculating values at specific points using these shape functions.

Uploaded by

meria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

θ θ(x,y)

l
x1 x2
1 2

l
x r ( or  )
x1 x x2 −1 0 1

r r = +1 x = x2 r = −1 x = x1

1− r 1+ r
N1 ( r ) = , N2 ( r ) =
2 2
2

(natural) (parent)

(length coordinate)

L2 L1 (r) (x)

L2 L1 p

N 2 = L2 N1 = L1

x − x1 x2 − x L1 L2
0 0
1 2
x1 p x2 L1 = 1 L1 = 0
L2 = 0 L2 = 1

1 1
N1 = − r (1 − r ) , N2 = r (1 + r ) , N3 = (1 + r )(1 − r )
2 2
3

C0

3 1

y x

u = c1 + c2 x + c3 y

 ( x, y ) = 1 +  2 x +  3 y

α
4

1 = 1 +  2 x1 +  3 y1
1  1 x1 y1  1 
 2 = 1 +  2 x2 +  3 y2    = 1 x y2   2 
 2  2

3  1 x3 y3   3 


3 = 1 +  2 x3 +  3 y3

1 
 ( x, y ) = N11 + N 2 2 + N 33 =  N1 N2 N 3   2  = Nθ
3 

N1 =
1
2A
( x2 y3 − x3 y2 + ( y2 − y3 ) x + ( x3 − x2 ) y )

N2 =
1
2A
( x3 y1 − x1 y3 + ( y3 − y1 ) x + ( x1 − x3 ) y )

N3 =
1
2A
( x1 y2 − x2 y1 + ( y1 − y2 ) x + ( x2 − x1 ) y )

A
5

N1 ( x1 , y1 ) = 1, N 2 ( x1 , y1 ) = 0, N 3 ( x1 , y1 ) = 0
N1 ( x2 , y2 ) = 0, N 2 ( x2 , y2 ) = 1, N 3 ( x2 , y2 ) = 0
N1 ( x3 , y3 ) = 0, N 2 ( x3 , y3 ) = 0, N 3 ( x3 , y3 ) = 1

nen
 N ( x, y ) = 1
i =1
i

(x,y) nen

y x θ

N1(x,y)

L=1

1 3

x 2

    N1 N 2 N3   N1 N 2 N3 


 x   x 1 + x  2 + x 3   x 1 
x x   
 =   =  =  
    N1  + N 2  + N3    N1 N 2 N3   2 
 
 y   y 1 y 2 y 3   y y y   3 
6

(area coordinate)
p

1
3 p

area p 23 area p13 area p12


L1 = , L2 = , L3 = , L1 + L2 + L3 = 1
aera 123 aera 123 aera 123

L1 ( x1 , y1 ) = 1 , L1 ( x2 , y2 ) = 0 , L1 ( x3 , y3 ) = 0

L2 ( x1 , y1 ) = 0 , L2 ( x2 , y2 ) = 1 , L2 ( x3 , y3 ) = 0

L3 ( x1 , y1 ) = 0 , L3 ( x2 , y2 ) = 0 , L3 ( x3 , y3 ) = 1
7

Ni = Li

y
3 2
( x3 , y3 ) ( x2 , y2 )
2b

( x4 , y4 ) ( x1 , y1 )
4 1
2a
x

 1 1
 N1 = − A ( x − x4 )( y − y2 ) , N2 =
A
( x − x3 )( y − y1 )
 where A = 4ab
 N = − 1 ( x − x )( y − y ) ,
1
N 4 = ( x − x1 )( y − y3 )
 3 A
2 4
A

y
x
3 2
b s

r
b y
4 1
a a
x
8

−1  r  +1 , − 1  s  +1

4
1 1 1 1
 =  Ni ( r , s ) i = (1 + r )(1 − s )1 + (1 + r )(1 + s ) 2 + (1 − r )(1 + s )3 + (1 − r )(1 − s ) 4
i =1 4 4 4 4

y
1 ( x1 , y1 , z1 )

2
3
x
-
z
-

 1 
 
 ( x, y, z ) = 1 +  2 x +  3 y +  4 z = 1 x y z  2 
 3 
 
 4 
9

1 ( x, y ) = 1 +  2 x1 +  3 y1 +  4 z1 1  1 x1 y1 z1  1 
 2 ( x, y ) = 1 +  2 x2 +  3 y2 +  4 z2   1 x2 y2 z2   2 
  2 = 
3 ( x, y ) = 1 +  2 x3 +  3 y3 +  4 z3
e
3  1 x3 y3 z3   3 
    
 4 ( x, y ) = 1 +  2 x4 +  3 y4 +  4 z4  4  1 x4 y4 z4   4 

−1
1 x1 y1 z1  1  1 
1 x2 y2 z2     
 = 1 x y z    2  = N N2 N3 N4   2 
1 x3 y3 z3  3  1
3 
     
1 x4 y4 z4   4   4 

L p

volume p 234 volume p134


L1 = , L2 =
volume 1234 volume 1234

volume p124 volume p123


L3 = , L4 = , L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 = 1
volume 1234 volume 1234

p
4

2
3
10

1 x y z
1 1 x2 y2 z2
6 1 x3 y3 z3
volume p 234 1 x4 y4 z4
L1 = =
volume 1234 1 x1 y1 z1
1 1 x2 y2 z2
6 1 x3 y3 z3
1 x4 y4 z4

Ni = Li

6
y 7

3 s 2
( x, y, z ) r
t 5
2b
8
1 2c
4
2a x

z θ

 ( x, y, z ) = 1 +  2 x +  3 y +  4 z +  5 xy +  6 yz +  7 zx +  8 xyz

(  , ,  ) ( r , s, t )
11

1 1
N1 = (1 + r )(1 − s )(1 + t ) , N2 = (1 + r )(1 + s )(1 + t )
8 8
1 1
N3 = (1 − r )(1 + s )(1 + t ) , N4 = (1 − r )(1 − s )(1 + t )
8 8
1 1
N5 = (1 + r )(1 − s )(1 − t ) , N6 = (1 + r )(1 + s )(1 − t )
8 8
1 1
N7 = (1 − r )(1 + s )(1 − t ) , N8 = (1 − r )(1 − s )(1 − t )
8 8

L1 L2
0 dl 0
1 2
l

dl l

x2 x2  N 
fbe =  NT bdV =  NT bAdx = bA  1  dx
V x1 x1
 N2 

Ni = Li
12

 ! ! !
A
L1 L2 L3 dA =
( +  +  + 2)!
2A

A
N1 N 2 hdA h

Ni = Li

 ! ! ! !

V
L1 L2 L3 L4 dV =
( +  +  +  + 3)!
6V

V
N 2QdV Q

Ni = Li
13

θ (x,y,z)

i (xi,yi,zi) i Ni n

y
8
1
s
7 +1
3 2
6
5
2
4 -1 0 +1 r
4
3
2
3
1 4 1
x -1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

n
x =  N i xi = N1 x1 + N 2 x2 + N 3 x3 + N 4 x4 =
(1 + r )(1 − s ) 5 +
i =1 4
(1 + r )(1 + s ) 1 + (1 − r )(1 + s ) 2 + (1 − r )(1 − s ) 8 = s
( r − 5) + 4 − r
4 4 4 2
14

n
y =  Ni yi = N1 y1 + N 2 y2 + N 3 y3 + N 4 y4 =
(1 + r )(1 − s ) 7 +
i =1 4

(1 + r )(1 + s ) 4 + (1 − r )(1 + s ) 1 + (1 − r )(1 − s ) 4 = 3r − 3s + 4


4 4 4 2 2

( r , s ) = (1.0, 0.75 )

0.75
x= (1 − 5) + 4 − 1 = 1.5
2
3 (1) 3 ( 0.75 )
y= − + 4 = 4.375
2 2

s
+1
y

-1 0 +1 r

x -1
15

(x,y) (r,s)

(x,y) (r,s)

Ni

 Ni   x y   Ni 
 r   r r   x 
 = 
 Ni   x y   Ni 
 s   s s   y 

 x y 
 r r 
J= 
 x y 
 s s 

dx dy = det J dr ds
16

J −1

−1
 N i   x y   N i 
 x   r r   r 
 =   
 N i   x y   N i 
 y   s s   s 

N3 N3
I =  x y dxdy
e
x y

n
s ( r − 5) n
3r − 3s
x =  Ni xi = +4−r , y =  Ni yi = +4
i =1 2 i =1 2

1 1 1 1 s
J11 = 5 (1 − s ) + 1 (1 + s ) − 2 (1 + s ) − 8 (1 − s ) = − 1
4 4 4 4 2
 N j N j
 1 1 1 1 3
 xj  r y j  J12 = 7 (1 − s ) + 4 (1 + s ) − 1 (1 + s ) − 4 (1 − s ) =
 r 
4 4 4 4 2
J= 
 N j N j 
 s x j  s y j  1 1 1 1 r 5
J 21 = −5 (1 + r ) + 1 (1 + r ) + 2 (1 − r ) − 8 (1 − r ) = −
4 4 4 4 2 2
1 1 1 1 3
J 22 = −7 (1 + r ) + 4 (1 + r ) + 1 (1 − r ) − 4 (1 − r ) = −
4 4 4 4 2
17

s 3   2 2 
 2 −1 2  21 − 3r − 3s
 r + s−7 r + s−7 
J=   det J = ( ) , A = J −1 = 
 2 ( r − 5) 2 ( s − 2) 

r − 5 −
3 4
 2 2 2   3( r + s − 7) 3 ( r + s − 7 ) 

+1 +1
 s ( r − 5)   −r − s   3r − 3s   4s − 3r + 7   21 − 3r − 3s 
I=   
−1 −1
2
+ 4 − r    
  2 ( r + s − 7)   2
+ 4   
  6 ( r + s − 7 )   4
 drds

f ( r , s ) drds =  wi w j f ( ri , s j )
+1 +1 m n
I = 
−1 −1
j =1 i =1

s m r n
18

I 0.6037

s r

s r

s
+1 f ( r, s ) (r 2
+ rs ) s 4
D C
0.77460
F A
-1 0 +1 r
E B
0.77460

F A
-1

0.57735 0.57735

I=0.26667
19

Point ri sj wi wj f(ri ,sj) wiwj f(ri ,sj)

A +0.57735 -0.77460 1.00000 0.55556 -0.04100 -0.02278

B +0.57735 0.00000 1.00000 0.88889 0.00000 0.00000

C +0.57735 +0.77460 1.00000 0.55556 0.21800 0.15611

D -0.57735 +0.77460 1.00000 0.55556 -0.04100 -0.02278

E -0.57735 0.00000 1.00000 0.88889 0.00000 0.00000

F -0.57735 -0.77460 1.00000 0.55556 0.21800 0.15611

∑ = 0.26666

ngpr=2; ngps=3; % Number of Gauss points

r=[-1/3^0.5,1/3^0.5]; s=[-0.7745966692, 0, 0.7745966692];

% Coordinates of Gauss points

Wr=[1.0, 1.0]; Ws=[0.555555555556, 0.8888888888889, 0.555555555556];

% Gauss weights

I=0;

for i=1:ngpr

for j=1:ngps

I=I+ Wr(i)* Ws(j)*(r(i)^2+r(i)*s(j))*s(j)^4;

end

end

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