Course:
Programming Fundamentals
4.00 Credit Hours
Undergraduate Program
SESSION 1, 2
Week 2
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Learning C++
• Learning C++
• Character Set
• Constants
• Variables
++
• Keywords
Character Set
• Learning C++
• Character Set
• Constants
• Variables
• Keywords
Constants
• Learning C++
•An entity that doesn’t change
• Character Set
• Constants
• Variables
• Keywords
Constants
Integer Constants
• Learning C++
• Character Set • Must have at least one digit
• It must not have a decimal point
• Constants
• It can be either positive or negative
• Variables • If there is no sign an integer constant is
assumed to be positive
• Keywords
• No commas or blanks are allowed within
an integer constant
• Examples: 135, -67, 3401, -5670
Constants
Real Constants
• Learning C++
• Also called Floating Point constants
• Character Set • A real constant must have at least one
• Constants digit
• It must have a decimal point
• Variables
• It could be either positive or negative
• Keywords • Default sign is positive
• No commas or blanks are allowed within
a real constant
• Examples: +325.34, 426.0, -32.76, -
48.5792
Constants
Character Constants
• Learning C++
• Character Set • A character constant is a
• single alphabet
• Constants
• a single digit
• Variables • or a single special symbol
• Keywords
• Enclosed within single inverted commas
• Both the inverted commas should point
to the left
• The maximum length can be 1 character
• Examples: ’A’, ‘I’, ‘5’, ‘=‘
Variables
• Learning C++
• An entity that may vary during program
• Character Set execution
• Constants • Names given to locations in memory
• Variables
• Keywords x=3 x=5
Variables
• Learning C++
• Series of characters (letters, digits,
• Character Set underscores)
• Constants
• Must begin with a letter or underscore
• Variables
• Keywords • Case sensitive
• Meaningful naming scheme
Variables
• Learning C++
• No commas or blanks are allowed within
• Character Set a variable name.
• Constants
• No Special symbol are used in name.
• Variables
• Keywords • Examples: Interger1, Sum, _FirstNum
• Invalid variable names
• #sum, 12x, first name
Variables
• Learning C++
Every variable has
• Character Set
• Constants • Name
• Type
• Variables
• Size
• Keywords • Value
• Address
Variable declaration
• Any variable used in the program must
• Learning C++
be declared first before using it.
• Character Set
• Constants
• Variables
• Keywords
Variables
Assignment Operator
• Learning C++
• Character Set • Equal-to-sign i.e. = used as assignment
• Constants operator
• Don’t confuse Algebraic equal-to with
• Variables
the assignment operator in C++ language
• Keywords • For example, a = 2
In Algebra In C++ Language
• Value of a is 2 • a is a variable name
• Take the value 2 and put it in
memory location labeled as
a
Variables
Data Type
• Learning C++
• Character Set •A variable must have a data type
• Constants associated with it, for example
• integer
• Variables
• decimal
• Keywords • character etc.
• Primary difference between different
data type is their size in memory
Variables
Data Type
• Learning C++
• Character Set • Different data type have different size in
• Constants memory depending on the machine and
compilers.
• Variables
• Keywords • Affect the way they are displayed
• Few data types in C++ language which
are reserved words of C++ language.
Keywords
• Meaning already explained to compiler
• Learning C++
• Character Set • Cannot be used as variable name
• Constants
• Variables
• Keywords