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NLP - Mid 2

The document discusses various system paradigms in semantic parsing, including rule-based, statistical, hybrid, and neural approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. It also explains Predicate Argument Structure (PAS) and Meaning Representation Systems, highlighting their roles in semantic interpretation and the importance of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) in understanding word meanings in context. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of these concepts in applications like question answering and machine translation.

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harshakothapally143
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2 views3 pages

NLP - Mid 2

The document discusses various system paradigms in semantic parsing, including rule-based, statistical, hybrid, and neural approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. It also explains Predicate Argument Structure (PAS) and Meaning Representation Systems, highlighting their roles in semantic interpretation and the importance of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) in understanding word meanings in context. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of these concepts in applications like question answering and machine translation.

Uploaded by

harshakothapally143
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System Paradigms in Semantic Parsing (5 Marks Answer)

Semantic parsing is the process of converting natural language into a machine-interpretable


meaning representation. There are several system paradigms used in semantic parsing:

1. Rule-Based Paradigm:
Uses manually crafted rules to map input sentences to their semantic representation. It is
precise but lacks scalability and is hard to maintain for large domains.
2. Statistical Paradigm:
Uses machine learning techniques to learn mappings from data. It requires annotated
corpora and uses probabilistic models to predict semantic structures.
3. Hybrid Paradigm:
Combines rule-based and statistical approaches. Rules provide a base structure, while
statistical methods handle ambiguities and improve generalization.
4. Neural Paradigm:
Uses deep learning models, especially sequence-to-sequence models and transformers, to
directly learn the mapping from input text to logical forms or meaning representations.

Each paradigm has strengths and is chosen based on the complexity of the task, availability of
data, and domain-specific requirements.

Here is a short note suitable for a 5-mark answer on Predicate Argument Structure and
Meaning Representation System, with an example:

Predicate Argument Structure:

Predicate Argument Structure (PAS) represents the relationship between a predicate (typically a
verb) and its arguments (such as subject, object, etc.). It captures "who did what to whom,"
helping in semantic interpretation.

 It identifies roles like Agent, Theme, Experiencer, etc.


 Example: In the sentence "John eats an apple",
o Predicate: eats
o Arguments:
 Agent: John (doer)
 Theme: an apple (what is eaten)

PAS is important in understanding the syntactic and semantic roles within a sentence.
Meaning Representation System:

Meaning Representation is a formal structure that captures the semantics or meaning of natural
language using logical forms or graphs.

 It helps machines understand, store, and reason about natural language.


 Common systems include:
o First-order logic
o Semantic networks
o Frame-based representations
 Example: For the sentence "John eats an apple", a logical representation can be:
eat(John, apple)

This enables applications like question answering and machine translation to infer meaning
accurately.

Let me know if you'd like this formatted for handwritten notes or with diagrams.

Here's a 5-mark answer covering semantic interpretation, semantic parsing, and word sense
disambiguation:

Semantic Interpretation and Semantic Parsing

Semantic interpretation is the process of determining the meaning of a sentence by analyzing


its structure and the meaning of individual words. It converts syntactic structures into logical
forms that represent the meaning.

Semantic parsing is the technique used to map natural language into a machine-interpretable
representation such as logical forms or structured data. It plays a key role in applications like
question answering and machine translation.

For example:
Sentence: "John gave a book to Mary."
Semantic representation might include:
Give(John, Book, Mary) — identifying the action and the participants involved.
Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD)

Word Sense Disambiguation is the process of identifying the correct meaning (sense) of a word
in a sentence when the word has multiple meanings. It is important for tasks like translation,
question answering, and information retrieval.

Example:
In the sentence "He sat by the bank of the river",
WSD determines that "bank" refers to a riverbank, not a financial institution.

Techniques for WSD include:

 Knowledge-based methods (using dictionaries/ontologies)


 Supervised learning (using annotated corpora)
 Unsupervised learning (clustering word contexts)

This concise explanation is suitable for a 5-mark question. Let me know if you want a longer or
diagram-based version for 10 marks.

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