11

TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL AND LIVELIHOOD

ICT - COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

QUARTER I
Week 2 Lesson 1

Capsulized Self - Learning

Empowerment
Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City
 CapSLET
Capsulized Self - Learning Empowerment Toolkit
SUBJECT &
TVL-CSS Gr.11 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2a2
GRADE/LEVEL
TOPIC Assemble Computer Hardware
1.3 Identify materials necessary to complete the CODE
LEARNING
work in accordance with established
COMPETENCY
procedures and check against system TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-Ia-e-28
requirements.
a. Identify the various computer components and peripherals;
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
b. Classify the hardware components of a computer with its corresponding
functions.
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the learner’s activity and
assessment sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information for future use. Computers contain many electric,
electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware.
The computer’s electronic devices are categories as internal; those that are found inside the system
unit also called “components” and external are those that are connected external to the system unit
via connection ports, also called the “peripherals”.

Common Computer Components Common Computer Peripherals

Computer system, are hardware components that perform data and information functions of input,
processing, data storage; output and communication. The devices responsible for these five areas are
as follows:

Input devices. Input devices allow you to enter data or commands in a form that the computer can
use; they send the data or commands to the processing unit. Commonly-used input devices include
keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, and PC camera.

Output devices. Output devices show people the processed data--information --in understandable
and useful form. Four commonly used output devices are a printer, a monitor, speakers, and a portable
media player. Input/output devices are playing an increasingly significant role in our lives. The number
and variety of input/output devices are expanding.
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 Communication Devices

Instruction

Data

Processing Devices
CPU
Arithmetic
Control Unit
Logic Unit Output Devices
Input Devices Data (CU) Information
(ALU)

Instruction

Data

Memory

Instruction

Data

Storage Devices

THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

Processing devices. Processing devices are the computer electronic circuitry housed in the system
unit. The circuitry in the system unit is part of a circuit board called the motherboard. Two major
components on the motherboard are the processor and memory. The processor, formally known as
the central processing unit (CPU), has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into the
information people want. Computer instructions are executed in the central processing unit
Processors contain a control unit (CU) and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The control unit
interprets and executes instructions in memory, and the arithmetic logic unit performs calculations
on the data in memory. Resulting information is stored in memory, from which it can be sent to an
output device or a storage device for future access, as needed.
. Memory is a series of electronic elements that temporarily holds data and program instructions
while they are being processed by the CPU. Both the processor and memory consist of chips. A chip
is an integrated circuit that contains many microscopic pathways designed to carry electrical current.

Storage devices. Storage usually means secondary storage that can store data and programs
outside the computer itself. Storage devices hold data, information, and programs permanently. These
devices supplement memory (also called primary storage) that can hold data and programs only
temporarily. Common storage devices include a hard disk, USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs, and memory
cards. A drive is a device that reads from and writes onto a storage medium. A storage medium is
the physical material on which data, information, and program are stored. Some portable devices, such
as digital cameras, use memory cards as the storage media.

Communications devices. Communications devices provide connections between the computer and
communications networks, and enable computer users to communicate and to exchange data,
information, and programs with other computers. Communications devices transmit these items over
transmission media such as cables, telephone lines, satellites, and cellular radio. A widely used
communications device is a modem.

COMPUTER COMPONENTS

System unit (or chassis), refers to the case on a desktop that contains and protects the
motherboard, hard drive, memory, and other electronic components. Some desktops have a tower
system unit that is a device separate from the monitor. Others that house the display and the system
unit in the same case are called an all-in-one. Peripheral devices normally occupy space outside the
system unit and communicate with the system unit using wired or wireless technology.
On most laptops, including ultrathin laptops, the keyboard and pointing device often occupy
the area on top of the case, and the display attaches to the case by hinges. With tablets, smartphones
and game consoles, the case is behind the display.

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 Different system unit of different types of computer

The motherboard, also called the main board, the system board, is the largest and most
important circuit board in the computer. The motherboard contains a socket to hold the processor or
CPU. The central processing unit (CPU), also called the processor or microprocessor, does most
of the processing of data and instructions for the entire system. Because the CPU generates heat, a
fan and heat sink might be installed on top to keep it cool. A heat sink consists of metal fins that draw
heat away from a component. The fan and heat sink together are called the processor cooler.

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 Memory modules. A desktop motherboard has memory slots, called DIMM (dual inline memory
module) slots, to hold memory modules. The placeholder of the memory in the motherboard is referred
to as DIMM slots. Memory, also called RAM (random access memory), known as primary storage
or internal storage, is the temporary storage for data and instructions as they are being processed by
the CPU.

A byte (character) is the basic storage unit in memory. Manufacturers state the size of memory in
terms of the number of bytes it has available for storage. Common sizes for memory are in the gigabyte
and terabyte range. A gigabyte (GB) equals approximately 1 billion bytes. A terabyte (TB) is equal to
approximately 1 trillion bytes.
Computers and mobile devices contain two types of memory: volatile and nonvolatile. When the
computer’s power is turned off, volatile memory loses its contents. Nonvolatile memory, by contrast,
does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer. Thus, volatile memory is
temporary and nonvolatile memory is permanent. RAM is the most common type of volatile memory.
Examples of nonvolatile memory include firmware, flash memory, and CMOS.

Types of RAM
 Dynamic RAM chips must be reenergized constantly or they lose their contents. Many variations
of DRAM chips exist, most of which are faster than the basic DRAM.
 Static RAM chips are faster and more reliable than any variation of DRAM chips. SRAM chips,
however, are much more expensive than DRAM chips.

Types of RAM Modules

 SIMM (single inline memory module) has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect
together to form a single set of contacts.
 DIMM (dual inline memory module), by contrast, the pins on opposite sides of the circuit board
do not connect and, thus, form two sets of contacts.

Types of ROM
 ROM, refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions. The data on most
ROM chips cannot be modified — hence, the name read-only. These ROM chips, called
firmware, contain permanently written data, instructions, or information, such as a computer
or mobile device’s start-up instructions.
 Flash memory is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and
rewritten. Most computers use flash memory to hold their start-up instructions because it
allows the computer to update its contents easily. Memory cards contain flash memory on a
removable device instead of a chip.
 Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other memory chips use complementary metal-
oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology because it provides high speeds and consumes
little power. CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information even when the power
to the computer is off.

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 Storage medium, also called secondary storage, is the physical material on which a computer
keeps data, information, programs, and applications. Examples of storage media include hard disks,
solid-state drives (both of which can be internal or external), memory cards, USB flash drives, optical
discs, network attached storage devices, magnetic stripe cards, smart cards, RFID tags, and NFC
tags. Another storage option is cloud storage, which keeps information on servers on the Internet.
Because the user accesses files on cloud storage through a browser using an app from the storage
provider, the actual media on which the files are stored are transparent to the user
A storage device is the hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media.
Writing is the process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage
medium. Reading is the process of transferring these items from a storage medium into memory.
When storage devices write on storage media, they are creating output. Similarly, when storage
devices read from storage media, they function as a source of input.

Variety of Storage options

In PC, a hard drive, also called a hard disk drive (HDD), is permanent storage used to hold data
and programs. For example, the Windows 8 operating system and applications are installed on the
hard drive. All drives in a system are installed in a stack of drive bays at the front of the case.
Capacity is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold.

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 Storage Term Number of Bytes
Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand 210 or 1,024
Megabyte (MB) 1 million 220 or 1,048,576
Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion 230 or 1,073,741,824
Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion 240 or 1,099,511,627,776
Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion 250 or 1,125,899,906,842,624
Exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion 260 or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
Zettabyte (ZB) 1 sextillion 270 or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424
Yottabyte (YB) 1 septillion 280 or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
Terms manufacturers use to define the capacity of storage media

An adapter card, sometimes called an expansion card or adapter board, is a circuit board that
enhances the functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections
to peripheral devices. A motherboard has expansion slots to be used by expansion cards
Two popular adapter cards are sound cards and video cards. A sound card enhances the sound-
generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone
and output through external speakers or headphones. A video card, also called a graphics card,
converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays
an image on the screen.

Graphics card

Types of Adapter Cards

Type Purpose
Bluetooth Enables Bluetooth connectivity
MIDI Connects to musical instruments
Modem Connects to transmission media, such as cable television lines or phone lines
Network Provides network connections, such as to an Ethernet port
Sound Connects to speakers or a microphone
TV tuner Allows viewing of digital television broadcasts on a monitor
USB Connects to high-speed USB ports
Video Provides enhanced graphics capabilities, such as accelerated processing or the
ability to connect a second monitor
Video capture Connects to a video camera

Power supply. A computer power supply, also

known as a power supply unit (PSU), is a box
installed in a corner of the computer case that
receives and converts the wall outlet AC power into
DC power so that components inside the case can
use it.

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 POPULAR COMPUTER PERIPHERALS DEVICES

Name Function Picture

Monitor It displays information in visual
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) form, using text and graphics.
LCD (Liquid Crystal The portion of the monitor that
Display) displays the information is called
LED (Light Emitting Diodes) the screen or video display
terminal.
The primary input device used
with a computer, a keyboard is
Keyboard -Wire or composed of buttons that
Wireless create letters, numbers, and
symbols, as well as perform other
functions.
A pointing device that fits under
the palm of your hand
Mouse – Wire or Wireless
comfortably. The bottom of a
(optical, laser, or touch
mouse is flat and contains a
sensor)
mechanism (sensor) that detects
movement of the mouse.
Printer
Impact(Dot-matrix)
An output device that produces
Non-Impact (ink- jet, photo
text and graphics on a physical
printers, laser, all-in-one,
medium, such as paper.
thermal printers and
plotters)
Generate higher-quality sounds
for playing games, interacting
Speakers with multimedia presentations,
listening to music, and viewing
movies.

Device that functions as both

Headset
headphones and a microphone

Data Projector
Device that projects the text and
LCD (Liquid Crystal
images displaying on a computer
Display)
or mobile device screen on a
DLP (Digital Light
larger screen so that an audience
Processing)
can see the image clearly
Communications device that
Modem – Wire or Wireless sends and receives data and
(Cable, DSL, ISDN) information to and from a digital
line.

SAQ-1: What is a computer system?

SAQ-2: What are computer devices?

(Answer on the Answer Sheet provided for Activity and Assessment.)

From the different computer hardware device discussed, identify those that are components or
peripherals by listing it in the table below:
Components Peripherals

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 REMEMBER
Key Points
 Computer is an electronic device which contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical
components known as hardware.
 Components are internal computer devices. Peripherals are external computer devices.
 Computer system include input, output, processing, storage and communication devices.
 Processors contain a control unit (CU) and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
 RAM (Random Access Memory) is the PC’s main memory. ROM (Read Only Memory), refers
to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions.
 A byte (character) is the basic storage unit in memory. A gigabyte (GB) equals approximately 1
billion bytes. A terabyte (TB) is equal to approximately 1 trillion bytes.
 A storage medium is the physical material on which data, information, and program are stored.
 Motherboard, sometimes called a system board, is the main circuit board of the computer.
 Microprocessor refer to a personal computer processor chip. A multi-core processor is a single
chip with two or more separate processor cores.
 An adapter card, sometimes called an expansion card or adapter board, is a circuit board that
enhances the functions of a component of a desktop or server system.
 The power supply or laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment sheets.)
IDENTFICATION
Classify the following computer devices, by choosing the appropriate term found inside the box that
corresponds to its function. Write your answer in the space provided on the Learner’s Activity and
Assessment sheet.
Motherboard ROM Printer RAM
Microprocessor Components Byte Power Supply
Adapter Card Headset Mouse Heat Sink
_____1. The processing device a personal _____ 6. A processing device consists of metal
computer that functions as ALU and CU. fins that draw heat away from a component.
_____2. The main circuit board under _____7. The device that converts the wall outlet
processing device. AC power into DC power.
_____3. An output device that produces text and _____8. A circuit board that process/enhances
graphics on a physical medium, such as paper. the functions of a component of PC.
_____4. An input/output device that functions as _____9. An input pointing device that fits under
both headphones and a microphone. the palm of your hand comfortably.
_____5. A processing device that can store ______10. The most common type of volatile
permanent data and instructions. memory used in the processing data.

Vermaat, Misty, and Susan L. Sebok. Discovering Computers 2016: Tools, Apps,
Devices, and the Impact of Technology. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2016.
REFERENCE/S
Andrews, Jean. A Guide to IT Technical Support (hardware and Software).
Australia: Course Technology, 2016.
This learning resource contains copyrighted materials. The use of which has not
been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making this learning
resource in our efforts to provide printed and e-copy learning resources available
for the learners in reference to the learning continuity plan of this division in this
DISCLAIMER time of pandemic.
This LR is produced and distributed locally without profit and will be used for
educational purposes only. No malicious infringement is intended by the writer.
Credits and respect to the original creator / owner of the materials found in this
learning resource.

Written by:
ARTHUR G. MANALO
SHST – II
Maria Clara L. Lobregat National High School
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 CapSLET
Learner’s Activity and Assessment Sheets

SUBJECT
NAME
YEAR AND SECTION
TEACHER’S NAME

SAQ 1: What is a computer system?

_________________________________________________________________________
What is Digestion?
_________________________________________________________________________

SAQ 2: What are computer devices?

_________________________________________________________________________
What is Digestion?
_________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Practice!

From the different computer hardware device discussed, identify those that are components or
peripherals by listing it in the table below:

Components Peripherals

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
IDENTFICATION
Classify the following computer devices, by choosing the appropriate term found inside the box that
corresponds to its function. Write your answer in the space provided.

Motherboard ROM Printer RAM

Microprocessor Components Byte Power Supply
Adapter Card Headset Mouse Heat Sink

_________________1. ________________ 6.

_________________2. _________________7.

_________________3. _________________8.

_________________4. _________________9.

_________________5. _________________10.

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 Topic: Assemble Computer Hardware
Learning Competency: Identify materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with
established procedures and check against system requirements.
ANSWER KEY
SAQ 1: What is a computer system?

Computer
What system, are hardware components that perform data and information functions of
is Digestion?
input, processing, data storage; output and communication.

SAQ 2: What are computer devices?

Theiscomputer’s
What Digestion? electronic devices are categories as internal; those that are found inside the
system unit also called “components” and external are those that are connected external to the
system unit via connection ports, also called the “peripherals”.

Let’s Practice!

From the different computer hardware device discussed, identify those that are components or
peripherals by listing it in the table below:

Components Peripherals

Motherboard, Processor, Heat sink, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer,

RAM, ROM, Secondary storage, Speaker, Headset, Data Projector and
Adapter cards and Power supply Modem

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
IDENTFICATION
Classify the following computer devices, by choosing the appropriate term found inside the box
that corresponds to its function. Write your answer in the space provided.

Motherboard ROM Printer RAM

Microprocessor Components Byte Power Supply
Adapter card Headset Mouse Heat Sink

Microprocessor_ 1. Heat Sink ___ 6.

Power Supply___ 7.
Motherboard _ 2.
Adapter Card ___8.
Printer _ 3.
Mouse ___ 9.
Headset _ _ 4.
RAM ___ 10.
ROM __ 5.

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