Qualitative Research Design
Qualitative research design
Provides a plan for answering the research question
Includes plan for study setting, participant selection, study procedures, data collection,
data management, data analysis
o Flexible
o Holistic approach
o Various data collection techniques
o Ongoing data analysis
Qualitative research traditions
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
Historical research
Case studies/Case series
Narrative analyses
Descriptive qualitative studies
Critiquing a qualitative study design
the research tradition clearly identified?
the research design well described?
the design appropriate for the research question?
Sampling plan & sample size
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Purposive sampling
Theoretical sampling
Data saturation is key to determining sample size.
Setting
Real world setting
Critiquing a qualitative sample & setting
there a clear description of the sampling strategy provided?
the sampling approach appropriate for the question and design?
Was data saturation achieved?
Are key characteristics of the sample provided?
the setting appropriate for the question?
Data collection
Self-report
o Unstructured vs semi-structured interviews
o Focus group interviews
o Diaries
o Photographs
Observations
o Participant observation
o Field notes
o Log
Data analysis
Checking accuracy of the data
Develop a category scheme
Code data into categories
Organize data
Content analysis
Ethnographic analysis
Phenomenological analysis
Grounded theory analysis
Trustworthiness
Credibility
Dependability
Confirmability
Transferability
Authenticity
Ways to enhance trustworthiness
Reflexive journaling
Decision trail
Prolonged engagement
Persistent observation
Comprehensive field notes
Audiotaping and transcription
Triangulation
Saturation of data
Member checking
Transcription rigor
Codebook
Replication
Search for disconfirming evidence
Peer review/debriefing
Critiquing qualitative data collection & analysis
Can I trust the data?
Are data collection methods clearly described?
the data collection method appropriate for the question and design?
What steps were used to assure accuracy of data collected?
the analysis strategy clearly described?
the analysis appropriate for the question and design?
the category scheme described? Is it logical?
What major themes emerged? Were examples from the data provided?
What ways to enhance trustworthiness were used?
LITERATURE SYNTHESIS PROJECT EXAMPLE
PICOT QUESTION
Among children with central lines (P), does receiving a daily bath with chlorhexidine (I), as
compared to receiving a daily bath with soap and water (C), affect rates of CLABSIs (O) during
an inpatient admission (t)?
EVIDENCE TABLE
Steps of the EBP process
1. Ask a clinically meaningful question
2. Collect the evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Synthesize the evidence
5. Integrate evidence with clinical expertise, patient value and preferences, and clinical
setting
6. Make a decision and implement
7. Evaluate outcomes
Synthesizing the Evidence
https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/j/anderson-center/evidence-based-care/legend
For the current example, there is a high grade of evidence. The overall body of evidence includes
one 1a and two 2a studies. These are strong designs that showed consistent results.
The majority of the studies found decreased rates of infections in patients who received
CHG baths.
few studies found the same rates of infections. However, no studies found increased risks
of infection and no studies reported serious adverse events.
Only one 2a study looked solely at pediatric patients (infants 2 months of age and
younger were excluded)
Judging the Strength of the Recommendation
https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/j/anderson-center/evidence-based-care/legend
It is strongly recommended that children with central lines receive daily baths with chlorhexidine
during an inpatient admission to decrease rates of CLABSIs (Derde et al., 2012 [1a]; Karki &
Cheng, 2012 [1b]; O’Horo et al., 2012 [1b]; Climo et al., 2013 [2a]; Milstone et al., 2013 [2a];
Rupp et al., 2012 [3a]; Munoz-Price, 2012 [4b]; Lopez, 2011 [4b]). CHG bathing should not be
performed on infants 2 months of age or younger (Milstone et al., 2013 [2a]).
REFERENCES
