Topic 8 Implicit Differentiation
Topic 8 Implicit Differentiation
Implicit
Differentiation
REVIEW: Chain Rule
Derivative of a Composite Function (Chain Rule)
𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 ′ 𝒙 = 𝒇′ 𝒈 𝒙 ⋅ 𝒈′(𝒙)
We can think of 𝒇(𝒙) as the outer function and 𝒈(𝒙) as the inner function.
Differentiate y = 8𝑥 − 1 6 .
𝒚′ = 𝟒𝟖 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟓
Derivatives of Implicit
Functions
The graph shown in
the picture is known
as the Folium of
Descartes. Descartes
first introduced it in
1638. The word folium
is a Latin word for
“leaf” since the graph
looks like a leaf.
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Descartes criticized
Fermat's work and
challenged him to find
a tangent to the
Folium of Descartes.
Fermat solved the
problem easily, while
Descartes was unable
to do so.
7
How did Fermat solve it?
8
Learning Objectives:
𝑑𝑦
In solving for , the differentiation taking place is with
𝑑𝑥
respect to 𝒙 . When we differentiate with similar
variables, we differentiate as it is.
𝒅 𝒅𝒙
In 𝑥 , the derivative is
2 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙.
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Implicit Differentiation
𝒅𝒚
If we differentiate 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥, we get
2
𝟐𝒚 .
𝒅𝒙
Implicit Differentiation
Implicit Differentiation
Example 1:
Find the derivative of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4.
Implicit Differentiation
To find the derivative of 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4 Step 2: Isolate
𝑑𝑦
.
by implicit differentiation, 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Step 2: Isolate .
𝑑𝑥
Implicit Differentiation
Example 3: Differentiate 𝑦 3 + 3𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 12 with
respect to 𝑥.
Implicit Differentiation
Example 3: Differentiate Step 2: Isolate
𝑑𝑦
.
𝑦 3 + 3𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 12 with respect 𝑑𝑥
to 𝑥.
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
= 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝒚
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
𝑑𝑦
If y is a function of x such that 3𝑥 + 𝑦
2 −2
= 7, find .
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟑
= 𝟑𝒙𝒚
𝒅𝒙
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒚𝟑 − 𝟗𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙
=
𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟓
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
𝑑𝑥
Differentiate 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 with respect to 𝒕 ( = 32)
𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝒚
and solve for
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒚
= 96
𝒅𝒕
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
If the radius of a circle is increasing at a rate of 2.1 in
per second, at what rate is its area changing when
the radius is 4.5 in?
𝒅𝑨 𝟐
= 18.9𝝅 𝒊𝒏 /𝒔
𝒅𝒓
Let’s Try: Implicit Differentiation
A man, who is standing 5 meters above a shoreline, is
pulling up a boat that is 12 meters away from the
shoreline. How fast does the length of the rope
shorten if the boat approaches the coastline at 2
meters per second?
SPIN
Let’s Sum It Up!
𝑑𝑦
● Implicit differentiation is used to find if 𝑦 is
𝑑𝑥
an implicitly defined function of 𝑥.
o Step 1: Differentiate both sides of the
equation with respect to 𝑥. Use chain rule in
differentiating 𝑦.
𝑑𝑦
o Step 2: Isolate .
𝑑𝑥
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Bibliography
Edwards, C.H., and David E. Penney. Calculus: Early Transcendentals. 7th ed.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.
Larson, Ron H., and Bruce H. Edwards. Essential Calculus: Early Transcendental
Functions. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008.
Leithold, Louis. The Calculus 7. New York: HarperCollins College Publ., 1997.
Smith, Robert T., and Roland B. Milton. Calculus. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012.
Tan, Soo T. Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences: A Brief
Approach. Australia: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2012.
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