UNIT I: Introduction to Data Visualization
1. A Brief History of Data Visualization:
- Data visualization dates back to the 2nd century with geographic maps.
- Notable advancements include William Playfair's bar and line charts (18th century), John Snow's
cholera map (1854), and Florence Nightingale's coxcomb diagram (1857).
- In the 20th and 21st centuries, computer graphics and interactive dashboards revolutionized data
visualization.
2. Good Graphics Principles:
- Clarity: Eliminate unnecessary elements and focus on data.
- Accuracy: Avoid misleading scales, truncated axes, or 3D distortions.
- Simplicity: Use minimalistic design to highlight key data points.
- Consistency: Keep visual and formatting styles consistent.
- Accessibility: Ensure readability for color-blind users (use patterns or textures).
3. Static Graphics:
- Static graphics are non-interactive visualizations used in reports, papers, and presentations.
- Common types: Bar charts, line charts, pie charts, scatter plots, histograms.
- Tools: Excel, matplotlib (Python), ggplot2 (R), Tableau (exports), etc.
Advantages:
- Easy to create and share.
- Good for printed documents.
Limitations:
- Cannot explore data dynamically.
- Limited user interactivity.