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Distributed Query Processing

Distributed Query Processing (DQP) involves formulating, optimizing, and executing queries in a Distributed Database System to enhance efficiency while minimizing costs. The process includes query decomposition, data localization, global optimization, and local optimization, each aimed at improving query execution. Key advantages include improved performance, reduced network traffic, scalability, and fault tolerance.

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3 views3 pages

Distributed Query Processing

Distributed Query Processing (DQP) involves formulating, optimizing, and executing queries in a Distributed Database System to enhance efficiency while minimizing costs. The process includes query decomposition, data localization, global optimization, and local optimization, each aimed at improving query execution. Key advantages include improved performance, reduced network traffic, scalability, and fault tolerance.

Uploaded by

islaamam55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Distributed Query Processing (DQP)

Definition:
Distributed Query Processing refers to the process of formulating, optimizing, and executing a
query in a Distributed Database System (DDS), where the data is stored across multiple,
geographically separated sites.

The goal is to process user queries efficiently, minimizing communication cost, processing
time, and resource usage, while ensuring correct results.

Steps in Distributed Query Processing:


1. Query Decomposition
• Transforms a high-level query (e.g., in SQL) into an algebraic query expression.

• Breaks the original query into smaller components that are easier to manage and
optimize.

Main tasks:

• Parsing: Check syntax and semantics.

• Translation: Convert SQL to relational algebra.

• Restructuring: Optimize the algebraic form (e.g., push selections, simplify joins).

Goal: Convert the query into an equivalent, efficient representation for further processing.
2. Data Localization (Query Fragmentation)
• Identifies where the required data is physically located across different sites.

• Translates the global query into local queries for execution at relevant sites.

Steps involved:

• Map global relations to fragments (horizontal, vertical, or mixed).

• Replace global schema names with fragment names.

• Create fragment queries that can run on local databases.

Goal: Ensure each sub-query accesses only the data it needs from the right location.

3. Global Optimization
• Generates an efficient execution plan for the entire distributed query.

• Tries to minimize total cost (communication cost, I/O, response time).

Steps involved:

• Optimal order of operations (joins, projections, etc.)

• Data shipping strategy (move data to the query or vice versa)

• Join location and intermediate result placement

Goal: Find a globally efficient plan to execute all sub-queries and combine the results.

4. Local Optimization
• Each site optimizes its own sub-query using local database resources and statistics.

• Uses traditional query optimization techniques.

Steps Involved:

• Choosing the best join algorithms


• Index utilization
• Predicate pushdown to reduce data early

Goal: Execute each local sub-query as efficiently as possible at its site.

Diagram (Textual)
User Query (SQL)

1. Query Decomposition → Relational Algebra Form

2. Data Localization → Replace with Fragment Queries

3. Global Optimization → Create Efficient Execution Plan

4. Local Optimization → Optimize Sub-Queries at Each Site

Final Result Assembly

Advantages of Distributed Query Processing:


• Improves performance through parallel processing

• Reduces network traffic with optimized strategies

• Enables scalability and data locality

• Supports fault tolerance through distributed control

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