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Dynamic Programming Overview

Dynamic Programming (DP) is a technique for solving complex problems by breaking them into simpler subproblems and storing their results to avoid redundant computations. It can be implemented using top-down (memoization) or bottom-up (tabulation) approaches and is commonly used in optimization and decision-making problems. Key steps in solving DP problems include defining subproblems, establishing recurrence relations, and determining the computation order.

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8 views2 pages

Dynamic Programming Overview

Dynamic Programming (DP) is a technique for solving complex problems by breaking them into simpler subproblems and storing their results to avoid redundant computations. It can be implemented using top-down (memoization) or bottom-up (tabulation) approaches and is commonly used in optimization and decision-making problems. Key steps in solving DP problems include defining subproblems, establishing recurrence relations, and determining the computation order.

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dogan.jonat
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Dynamic Programming (DP) is a powerful technique used in computer science and mathematics to

solve complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. It is particularly effective

for optimization problems where a naive solution would involve solving the same subproblems

multiple times.

The core idea of dynamic programming is to store the results of subproblems to avoid redundant

computations. This is typically done using a table (array or matrix) where each entry corresponds to

a solution of a subproblem. DP can be implemented using two main approaches: top-down

(memoization) and bottom-up (tabulation).

In the top-down approach, the problem is solved recursively, and the results of the subproblems are

stored in a cache (usually a dictionary or array). When the same subproblem is encountered again,

the result is retrieved from the cache instead of recomputing it.

In the bottom-up approach, subproblems are solved in an order such that before solving a particular

subproblem, all the smaller subproblems it depends on are already solved. This approach typically

uses loops and fills up a DP table iteratively.

Dynamic programming is commonly applied in problems involving sequences (like the longest

common subsequence or edit distance), optimization (such as the knapsack problem), and decision

making (like game theory problems).

The key steps in solving a DP problem are:

1. Define the subproblem.

2. Establish the recurrence relation.

3. Decide the computation order (top-down or bottom-up).


4. Optimize space if possible.

Mastering dynamic programming involves practice and developing a deep understanding of how to

decompose problems effectively.

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