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Demo 3

The document outlines various assignments related to antenna design and radio wave propagation. It includes tasks such as designing linear arrays, explaining antenna principles, and calculating parameters for different types of antennas. Additionally, it covers topics like the Woodward-Lawson method, radio-wave propagation modes, and the design of specific antennas like Yagi-Uda and microstrip antennas.

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jay khandelwal
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4 views4 pages

Demo 3

The document outlines various assignments related to antenna design and radio wave propagation. It includes tasks such as designing linear arrays, explaining antenna principles, and calculating parameters for different types of antennas. Additionally, it covers topics like the Woodward-Lawson method, radio-wave propagation modes, and the design of specific antennas like Yagi-Uda and microstrip antennas.

Uploaded by

jay khandelwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT NO 4'

AHf(JjNAS AND PROPAGATION

1. Design a linear array or Isotropic elements placed along the z-axfs such that
the zeros or the array factor occur at 8 • O, 60 , and 120. Assume that the
elements are spaced 'A / 4 apart and that the progressive phase shift between
them is O.
a. find the required number or elements.
b. Determine their excitation coefficien ts.
c. Write the array factor.
2. Describe the antenna arrayS design ustna the Woodward •Lawson method.
3. Design, using the Woodward -Lawson method, a line-sourc e of 1 • SA whose
space factor pauem Is aiven by SF(8) • sin1(8) 0 s 8 s 180 . Determine the
current distributio n and compare the reconstruc ted pattern with the desired
pattern.
4. Show that a three-elem ent binomial array with a spacing or d s ;./2 between
the elements does not have a side lobe.
5. Three Isotropic sources, with spadna d between them, are placed along the
z-axis. The excitation coefflden t or each outside element Is unity while that
or the centre element Is 2. For a spacing of d • 'A / 4 between the elements,
find the (a) array factor (b) angles (In degrees) where the nulls or the patter
occurs (0 s 8 s 180 ) (c) angles (In degrees) where the maxima or the patter
occurs (0 s 8 s 180)
6. Design a linear array with a spacing between the elements of d • A/ 8 such
that it has zeros at 8 • 0 , 90 , and 180 . Determine the number of elements,
their excitation, and plot the derived pattern. Use Schelkuno ff's method.
7. Write short note on fotlowlng :
a. Synthesis of antenna arrays using Schelkunoff's method.
b. Smart antennas
c. Adaptive beam forming.
d. Mutual coupling between arrays antennas.
8. Distinguish between end-fire, broadside, parasitic and collinear arrays. Show
that array of two Isotropic sources fed with equal amplitude s and opposite
phases acu as an end-fire array.
9. What is radio-wave propagation? Explain the different modes of radio wave
propagation.
10. For a mobile communication over a height of 120 km via Ionospher e layer with
Nmu=2.22X105 electrons /m1, the maximum useable frequency estimated to
be is 6.5 KHz. Find the optimum working frequency , critical frequency and
elevation angle of beam and path range.
ASSIGNMENT NO 3:
ANTENNAS ANO PROPAGATION

1. Explain with suitable diagram the working of the log periodic antenna. Also
explain the feeding arrangements.

2. What is frequency independent antennas? Write down their schemat ic


diagram and applications.

3. Draw the structure of 3-element Yagi-Uda antenna and give the dimensions
and spacing between the elements in terms of wavelength. Design 3-element
Yagi-Uda antenna to be operated at HJO MHz.

4. Design a log-periodic antenna to obtain a gain of 9 dB and to operate over a


frequency range of 125 MHz -500MHz.

5. Design a rectangular microstrip antenna using a substrate (RT /Duroid 5880)


with dielectric constant of 2.2, h = 0.1588 cm (0.0625 inches) to resonate at
8 GHz. Draw the layout of MIC antenna.

6. Design a rectangular microstrip antenna so that it will resonate at 2 GHz. The


idealistic lossless substrate (RT /Duroid 6010.2) has a dielectric constant of
10.2 and a height of 0.05 in. (0.127 cm). (a) Determine the physical
dimensions (width and length) of the patch (in cm). (b) Approximate range of
lengths (In cm) between the two radiating slots of the rectangular patch, tf
we want the Input Impedance (taking Into account both radiating slots) to be
real. {c) What fs the real input Impedance of Part b? Neglect coupling. (d)
Location (in cm from the leading radiating slot) of a coaxial feed so that the
total input impedance is 150 ohms.

7. Design a circular mlcrostrlp antenna using a substrate (RT/duroid 5880) with


dielectric constant 2.2, h = 0.58 mm to resonate at 12 GHz. System Impedance
is 75 ohms.

8. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of a patch antenna?


Describe methods to overcome the disadvantages.

9. Describe transmission line model of rectangular patch antenna. Also explain


the feeds t echniques.

10. Write short notes on following:


a. Broadcast antennas.
b. Mobile antenna.s
c. Circular polarization patch antennas
d. Radiation mechanism of a patch antennas
ASSIGNMEtn' NO 2:
ANTENMAS AND l'tlOPAGATIOH

1. Describe the HuYRens' princ iple for apert ure antennas.

2. It Is desir ed to design an apert ure anten na, with unifo


rm illum inatio n, so that
the direc tivity Is maximized at an angle 300 from the norm
al to the apert ure.
Deter mine the optim um d imension and Its associated
d irecti vity when the
apert ure Is (a) Square (b) Circu lar.

3. Find the optim um direc tivity and gafn of a circul


ar wave horn anten na of
diam eter 1.25 m and apert ure lengt h 1. 8 m, at opera ting
wave length 20 cm .
4. A pyram idal horn of mout h lengt h SA cm Is fed by a
recta ngula r waveguide In
TE,o mode. Determine the design param eters of the antenna at
opera ting
frequ ency 1.5 GHz.

5. Design an E•plane sectoral horn so that the maxim um


phase devia tion at the
apert ure of the horn Is 56. 720. The d imension of the
horn Is a • 0. 5A, b •
0.25A, b1 • 2.75A. Draw the struc ture of designed anten
na.
6. An E·pla ne horn is fed by an X-band WR-90 recta ngula
r wav ~ide with i nner
dimensions of 0 . 9 In. (2.286 c.m ) and b =0.4 i n. (1.016cm).
Design the horn so
that Its maxim um direc tivity at f• 11GHz Is 30 (1 ◄. 77dB
).

7. The diam eter of a parab oloida l reflec tor antenna


(dish) , used for public
televi sion stations, Is 10 mete rs. Find the far-zone distan
ce If the anten na Is
used at 2 and ◄ GHz.

8. A circu lar parab olic antenna Is opera ted at 3.0GHz


with a powe r gain of 30
dB. Calcu late the diam eter a.s well as the half-p ower beam
width of anten na.
9. Describe the types of parab olic reflec tors and their
feed systems.
10. Describe in detai l the Cassegraln meth od of feeding
a paraboloid reflec tor.
ASSIGNMENT NO 1;
ANTENNAS ANO PROPAGATIOH

1. A hypothetical Isotropic antenna is radiating in free space. At a distance of


100 m from the antenna, the total electric field (Ee) Is measured to be 5 V/ m.
Find the (a) power density (Wrad) (b) power radiated (P~ )

2. What Is the effective aperture of antenna and how Is it related to the gain?
Find the gain of circular aperture antenna of diameter Sm at frequency 2GHz.

3. The maximum radiation Intensity of a 9oi efficiency antenna is 200 mW /unit


solid angle. Find the directivity and gain (dimensionless and in dB) when the
(a) Input power Is 125.66 mW (b) radiated power Is 125.66 mW

4. (A) Prove that radiated power by half •wave dipole Is Pr = 73.ol:11 •


(Bl Racllatlon resistance of a short dipole Is one-fourth of that of an Ideal
dipole. Why?
5. The radiation resistance of a thin, lossless linear electric dipole of length I •
0.6>. is 120 ohms. What Is the Input resistance?

6. Two lossless, polarfzatlon•matched antennas are aligned for maximum


radiation between them and are separated by a distance of 50>.. The antennas
are matched to their transmission lines and have dlrectfvltles of 20 dB.
Assuming that the power at the Input terminals of the transmitting antenna
Is 10 W, find the power at the terminals of the receiving antenna.

7. Transmitting and receiving antennas operating at 1 GHz with gains (over


Isotropic) of 20 and 15 dB, respectively, are separated by a distance of 1 km.
Find the maximum power delivered to the load when the Input power Is 150
W. Assume that the (a) antennas are polarization-matched (bl transmitting
antenna Is circularly polarized (either right• or left-hand) and the receiving
antenna is linearly polarized.

8. A horizontal Infinitesimal etectric dipole of constant current lo ls placed


symmetrically about the origin and directed along the x•axis. Derive the (a)
far•zone fields radiated by the dipole (b) directivity of the antenna.

9. A >./ 50 linear dipole is placed vertically at a height h = 2A above an infinite


electric ground plane. Determine the angles (in degrees) where all the nulls
of its pattern occur.

10. Define the directivity and find the directivity of a half-wave dipole.

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