 Keybooks are freely available at our website http://www.ProgressPublishers.

com

Key to

All About
Computers 6

Progress Publishers
Krishna Nagar, Delhi - 110051
Email : [email protected]
 1. The Computer System
A. 1. MICR reader 2. 3D Printer
3. Antivirus software 4. Mobile Computer
5. Plotter
B. 1. operating system 2. Braille Embosser
3. Minicomputers 4. Biometric
5. OCR Readers
C. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
D. 1. Digital Projector 2. DTP
3. Software 4. Magnetic Stripe Card Reader
5. Supercomputer
E. 1. Norton Security, McAfee Secure
2. Microsoft Word, LibreOffice
3. Microsoft PowerPoint, LibreOffice Impress
4. MicrosoftWindows, Mac OS
5. WinZip, WinRAR
F. 1. Computers are broadly classified into four categories based
on their size and processing power – microcomputers,
minicomputers, mainframe computers and super
computers.
2. Input devices are used to input data and instructions
into a computer. They accept input from the user
and convert it into binary form that a computer can
understand.
After processing the input, a computer provides the
result through output devices. Output devices take
the data in the binary form from the computer and
convert it into a form that a user can understand.
3. Software which are provided free of cost to the user
along with the source code are called open source
software. Users also receive a license for the software
which allow them to share the software, modify it
and redistribute it to other users. Google Chrome and
LibreOffice are two Open source software.
4. (a) A Magnetic stripe card reader is an input device used
to read information encoded in the magnetic stripe
located at the back of cards such as credit cards,
loyalty cards and membership cards. The magnetic

2 All About Computers - 6

 stripe card reader reads the information quickly
and accurately when the card is swiped through it.
(b) An OMR reader is an input device used to scan and
read special forms designed with boxes or circles
which can be marked with a pencil or pen. It uses
the light reflected from the form, for the absence
or the presence of a mark. This information is
converted into a computer readable file. It is usually
used for scanning answer sheets of exams that have
multiple choice questions.
(c) System software consists of the programs that
control the operation of the computer system. It
helps to manage and run the computer hardware
in an efficient manner. It can be further classified
into three categories:
i. Operating System ii. Utility Software
iii. Language Processors
(d) An OCR reader is an input device used to scan printed
text documents such as books and magazines and
convert them into digital files that can be easily
edited in a computer. Organisations use OCR to
scan printed forms for automated data entry into
a database in a computer.
(e) A Biometric device is an input device used to
measure unique physical characteristics, such as
finger print or iris pattern of a person. A record of
these characteristics is stored in a database. The
identity of a person can be determined by scanning
the finger or eye and matching the results of the
scan with records in the database. Biometric devices
are used to mark attendance in offices and provide
entry to authorized users. It is usually used for
security purposes.
(f) A computer understands only machine language
in the form of binary digits. A language processor
is a system software that converts a program into
machine language for a computer to execute it. Some
examples of language processors are assembler,
compiler and interpreter.
All About Computers - 6 3
 5. General purpose application software is used to perform
some set of tasks for a large number of users, e.g.
Word Processing Software, Spreadsheet Software and
DBMS Software.
Customized application software is developed according
to the requirements and objective of an organization.
It is used to perform a specific set of tasks for the
organization, e.g. ticket reservation system, payroll
system and school management system.
2. Computer Languages
A. 1. Interpreter 2. Machine Language
3. Assembly Language 4. High-level Language
B. 1. assembler 2. fourth 3. machine 4. Fifth
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T
D. 1. Features of Fourth generation programming language
are:
(a) It is closer to human language.
(b) It is designed to reduce the overall time, effort and
cost of software development.
(c) It is much easier to use and it allows users or non-
computer professionals to develop software.
(d) It is usually limited to specific applications and may
use syntax that is not used in other programming
languages.
2. A compiler is a language processor that converts a
high-level language program into a machine language
program, in one go. It first scans the entire program
and then translates into a machine language. A compiler
also lists all errors in the program along with the line
numbers on which errors have occurred. The translated
program or object code produced by a compiler is stored
in the computer.
An interpreter is a language processor that converts
a high-level language program into machine language
program, line by line. It reads a line of source code,
converts it into machine code and executes it. If there
4 All About Computers - 6
 is an error in the code, the interpreter waits for the
error to be corrected before proceeding. The object code
produced by an interpreter is not stored in the computer.
3. Assembly language is the Second-Generation
programming language. In this language, mnemonic
codes are used to develop a program. Mnemonic codes
are short words used for lengthy set of instructions.
Programming in assembly language is simpler and less
time consuming than programming in machine language.
It is also easier to locate and correct errors in assembly
language. Machine language is the first generation
programming language. It is the only programming
language that the computer can understand directly.
It is expressed in the form of binary digits – 0 and
1. A program written in a machine language executes
very fast because no translation is required. It is
tedious, difficult and time consuming for a programmer
to develop programs using machine language.
4. High-level language is also known as third generation
programming language. It is a programmer-friendly and
structured language, similar to English language. It uses
English words and mathematical symbols to develop a
program. High-level language programs are machine-
independent programs written for one computer can
be executed on another computer with minor changes
or no changes at all. Some examples are C, C++.
5. A fifth generation programming language is an advanced
high-level programming language. It provides a visual
or graphical interface for developing a program. It
is normally associated with the field of Artificial
Intelligence. A fifth-generation language does not
require reserve words, specialised syntax and coding. It
allows the programmer to develop a program without
having any specialised knowledge of the language. The
programmer needs to know the problem to be solved
rather than knowing how to solve it. Prolog and Mercury
are examples of fifth-generation programming languages.

All About Computers - 6 5

 3. Working with Apps in Windows 10
A. 1. Groove Music 2.
3. Month View 4. Collection Page
B. 1. Calculator 2. Skip back
3. Snooze 4. Today
C. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T
D. 1. You can convert quantities from one unit to another
using the calculator app. To perform conversions:
(a) Click the Menu button.
(b) In the menu, under converter, click the quantity
you want to convert from one unit to another.
The app screen displays two units for the selected
quantity.
(c) Click the units down arrow and select the required
units for conversion.
(d) click various number buttons to enter the value
for the first unit.
The Converter displays the equivalent value for the
second unit.
2. To add a new alarm in the Alarms & Clock app:
(a) On the Alarm tab, click the New + button at the
bottom of the Alarms & Clock window.
The new alarm screen appears.
(b) Scroll in the hour and minute panes to set the
alarm time.
(c) Click Alarm name and type a name for the alarm
in the text box that appears.
(d) Click under Repeats and select the days on which
you want the alarm to play.
(e) Click under Sound and select a sound for the alarm.
(f) Click under Snooze time and select a time interval
by which you want to delay the alarm before it
plays again.
(g) Click the Save button at the bottom of the screen.
The Alarms & Clock app activates the alarm and
adds it to the alarms list.
6 All About Computers - 6
 3. To add a new event in the Calendar app:
(a) In the Calendar app, click the + New event button.
The Untitled-Event-Calendar screen appears.
(b) Type a name for the event ion the Event name text
box.
(c) Type the location for the event in the Location text
box.
(d) Click the Start : Date picker and select the start
date for the event.
(e) Click the End : Date picker and select the end date
for the event.
(f) Specify the Start time and End time for the event
in the respective time boxes.
(g) Type a description for the event in the Event
Description text box.
(h) Click the Remainder box and select a time interval,
before the event start time, at which you want the
reminder to appear.
(i) Click the Save and Close button.
The app saves the event and displays it in the calendar.
A pop-up window appears at the time you have
specified for the event reminder. You can either
Snooze or Dismiss the reminder.
4. Various controls available for playing music in the
Groove Music app are:
(a) Scrubber bar – To play the song from a particular
point of time.
(b) Previous – To move to the song previous to the
current song.
(c) Play/pause – To play or halt the current song.
(d) Next – To move to the song next to the current
song.
(e) Volume – To adjust the volume of the song.
(f) Repeat all/one/off – To toggle between repeat all
songs, repeat current song or no repeat.
(g) Shuffle on/off – To toggle between random or
sequential order of songs.

All About Computers - 6 7

Think and Answer
1. To add video in the Movies and TV app:
(a) Click the Settings button at the bottom left of the
app window.
The Settings page opens.
(b) Click Choose where we look for videos.
A pop-up screen appears. It displays the list of folders
from where the app picks videos.
(c) Click the Plus + button. The Select Folder dialog
box opens.
(d) Select the folder that contains the videos you want
to add to the video list.
(e) Click the Add this folder to Videos button.
The folder is added to the folder list.
(f) Click the Done button. The Movies & TV app adds
the videos from the selected folder to the videos
list.
2. Prerna can do so with history button in the Calculator app.
4. Tables in Word 2016
A. 1. Quick Tables 2. Thrice
3. = Max(Above) 4. Table grid 5. =
B. 1. table style 2. custom
3. Distribute Rows 4. Merge Cells 5. numeric
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
D. 1. Different ways to insert a table with a predefined layout
in Word 2016 are:
(a) Table grid
(b) Insert table
(c) Draw table
(d) Quick tables
2. To delete a row from a table:
(a) Click a cell in the row you want to delete.
(b) On the Table Tools Layout tab, in the Rows &
Column group, click the Delete button.
A drop-down list appears.
(c) Click Delete Rows to delete the row containing
8 All About Computers - 6
 the current cell. Word deletes the row as per your
selection.
3. Splitting a cell means to split a single cell into two or
more cells while merging of cell means to merge two
or more cells into a single cell.
4. You can convert existing text into a table. The existing
text should be separated into different parts by tab
spaces, paragraph marks, spaces or any other character
such as #, @ or $.
To convert existing text into a table:
(a) Type the given list of values separated by tab spaces.
(b) Select the list of values.
(c) On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click the
Table button.
The Insert Table menu appears.
(d) Click the Convert Text to Table option. The Convert
Text to Table dialog box opens.
(e) Under Table size section, specify the number of
columns you want in the table. The number of rows
gets adjusted automatically.
(f) Click the OK button.
Word converts the selected text into a table.
5. To calculate the sum of values in a column in a table:
(a) Type the values in the cell of a column.
(b) Click the cell below the last value.
(c) On the Table Tools Layout tab, in the Data group,
click the fx Formula button.
The Formula dialog box opens with the formula
=SUM(ABOVE) in the Formula text box.
(d) Click the OK button.
Word calculates the sum of the specified group of values
and displays the result in the selected cell.
6. To apply shading effect to a table:
(a) Select the cells to which you want to apply shading.
(b) On the Table Tools Design tab, in the Borders
group, click the Borders down arrow.
A drop-down list appears.
All About Computers - 6 9
 (c) Click Borders and Shading.
The Borders and Shading dialog box opens.
(d) Click the Shading tab.
(e) Select a background color, style and pattern color
from the Fill, Style and Color drop-down lists
respectively.
(f) Click the OK button.
Word applies the shading effect to the selected cells.
Think and Answer
1. Mary should use Custom table option.
2. He can do so with SUM( ) Formula.

5. Advanced features of Word 2016

A. 1. Alt + Ctrl + D 2. Project
3. References 4. Mail Merge 5. Footer
B. 1. Endnotes 2. Data source
3. merge field 4. Page numbers 5. Show Notes
C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
D. 1. To add date and time to Header in a document:
(a) Double-click the header.
The cursor blinks in the header.
(b) On the Header & Footer Tools Design tab, in the
Insert group, click Date & Time button.
The Date & Time dialog box opens.
(c) Click the required date and time format.
(d) Click the OK button. Word inserts the current date
and time in the header.
(e) Double-click anywhere outside the header to return
to the document.
2. Mail Merge is a feature in Word 2016 that allows you to
quickly create multiple copies of document such as letters,
email messages and envelops. The majority of the content
in the copies remains the same but details are different,
depending on the person to whom it is addressed.
The mail merge process involves the following overall steps:
(a) Set up the main document. The main document
contain the text and graphics that are same for
each copy of the document.
10 All About Computers - 6
 (b) Create a data source. A data source is a list of
information, such as name, address or phone numbers,
that varies in different copies of the document.
(c) Merge the data source and the main document. The
data source is merged with the main document to
create multiple copies of the document.
3. (a) Headers are the areas in the top margin that
allows you to add text and graphics which needs
to be repeated on each page of a document such
as Chapter name, date and time.
Footers are areas in the bottom margins that allows
you to add text and graphics which needs to be
repeated on each page of a document such as page
numbers.
(b) Footnotes and Endnotes are used to add explanations
and comments about certain parts of text in a
document. They can also be used to give reference
for specific text in a document. Footnotes appear
at the bottom of a page while, endnotes appear at
the end of the document.
4. Steps of the Mail Merge Wizard in Word 2016:
(a) On the Mailing tab, in the Start Mail Merge group,
click the Start Mail Merge button.
A menu appears.
(b) Click Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard…
The Mail merge pane appears on the right side of the
document window. It lists the various steps of mail
merge process.
Step 1 Choose the type of main document – letters, email
messages, envelopes, labels or directory.
Step 2 Select a document to be used as the main document.
You can use the current document, select a template
or open an existing document.
Step 3 Select a data source. You can select an existing
data source or create a new data source.
Step 4 Write your letter and insert merge field into it.
Step 5 Preview the merged copies of the document.
Step 6 The mail merge process is complete. You can print
or edit the merged copies.
All About Computers - 6 11
 5. To insert an endnote in a document:
(a) Click at the bottom in the document where you
want to insert the endnote.
(b) On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, click
the Footnote & Endnote dialog box launcher button.
The Footnote and Endnote dialog box opens.
(c) Under the Location section, click Endnotes Radio
button.
(d) Under the Format section:
Select a format for the reference mark of endnote from
the Number format list.
In the Start at box, specify a value for the first reference
mark.
(e) Click the Insert button.
The cursor moves to the endnote at the end of the
document.
(f) Type the required text for the endnote.
(g) Click anywhere outside the endnote area to return
to the document.
Word inserts the endnote with the reference mark in
the document.
Think and Answer
1. Alisha can use Header for Project name and Footer for
page numbers.
2. Mukund can use Footnotes and Endnotes to do so.

6. Enhancing Presentations in PowerPoint

A. 1. Speaker Icon 2. Entrance
3. Timing 4. Insert 5. 0.25 seconds
B. 1. scrubber bar 2. Emphasis 3. Transition
4. Rehearse Timings 5. Recording Slide Show
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
D. 1. To apply a transition to a slide in presentation:
(a) Select the slide to which you want to apply a
transition.
(b) On the Transition tab, in the Transition to This
Slide group, click the More button.
12 All About Computers - 6
 The transition gallery appears. It displays various
transition effects grouped under different categories.
(c) Click the desired transition effect.
The transition effect is applied to the slide and
previewed on the screen. A star icon is displayed
next to the slide thumbnail in the Thumbnails pane.
(d) Click the Effects Options button and select a
variation for the transition effect from the list that
appears.
PowerPoint applies the selected effect to the transition
on the slide.
2. To insert a video file in a slide from the computer:
(a) On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click the
Video button.
A menu appears.
(b) Click Video on My PC…
The Insert Video dialog box opens.
(c) Select the video file you want to insert.
(d) Click the Insert button.
The PowerPoint inserts the selected video file in the
slide. An image of the video file with a control bar
appears on the slide.
3. Various playback controls available for an audio file in
a slide are:
(a) Volume. To change the volume of the audio.
(b) Start. To specify whether the audio file starts
automatically or when the mouse is clicked.
(c) Play across slides. To Play the audio, even if you
move to other slides.
(d) Hide during show. To hide the audio icon during
the slide show.
(e) Loop until stopped. To replay the audio until it is
stopped manually.
(f) Rewind after playing. To rewind the audio once it
finishes playing.
4. The rehearse timings feature is used to practice a slide
show to figure out how much time you need to present
each slide. It helps you to ensure that the presentation
finishes in a stipulated time period.
All About Computers - 6 13
 5. To record a Slide Show with timing and narration:
(a) On the Slide Show tab, in the Set-Up group, click
the Record Slide Show down arrow and click Start
Recording from Beginning…
The Record Slide Show dialog box opens.
(b) Tick mark both the options Slide and animation
timings and Narrations, ink and laser pointer are
enabled in the record slide show dialog box.
(c) Click the Start recording button.
PowerPoint switches to the presenter view and starts
the presentation.
(d) Speak clearly into the microphone to record
narration for the slide.
(e) Click the Pen and Laser Pointer Tools button and
select an option – Laser pointer, Pen or Highlighter
to record ink and laser pointer gestures.
(f) Click the Next button to move to the next slide.
(g) To end your recording, click the End Slide Show
button at the top of the screen.
PowerPoint records the slide show. A speaker icon and
the various ink marks are displayed on each slide.
(h) Run the slide show.
PowerPoint runs the automated slide show with
animation timings, recorded narrations and ink
and laser pointer gestures.
6. To add multiple animation effects on an animated object:
(a) Select an object with an animation applied to it.
(b) On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation
group, click the Add Animation button. A menu
appears.
(c) Click the animation effect you want to apply.
PowerPoint applies the new animation effect to the
selected object and displays two numbers adjacent
to the animated object.
Think and Answer
1. Select the Random transition effect, under Exciting
category in the Transitions gallery.
2. Animation Tab, Timing Group, With Previous Option.

14 All About Computers - 6

 7. More on Excel 2016
A. 1. Ctrl + Shift + ; 2. Fill handle
3. Left 4. Cells 5. = A2 + B2 + C2
B. 1. AutoComplete 2. AutoFill
3. Custom 4. formula 5. Redo
C. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F
D. A A A A A
1 11:45 1 ABC123 1 12.07.18 1 August 1 11
2 12:45 2 ABC124 2 12.08.18 2 September 2 17
3 13:45 3 ABC125 3 12.09.18 3 October 3 23
4 14:45 4 ABC126 4 12.10.18 4 November 29

E. 1. The AutoComplete feature in Excel 2016 allows you to

quickly enter similar text in different cells of the same
column. To use autocomplete feature:
(a) Type the first few characters of the required text
in a cell. As you type, Excel automatically suggests
the remaining characters based on the text you
have entered earlier in the same column.
(b) Press enter to accept the suggestion else, type the
required text.
2. To move the contents of a cell from one location to
another:
(a) Select the cell whose content you want to move.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the
Cut button to cut the contents.
A moving dashed outline appears around the selected cell.
(c) Select the new location where you want to paste
the content.
(d) On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click
the Paste button. Excel moves the contents of the
selected cell to the new location.
(e) Press the Esc key to deselect the cell.
3. Number data are values that consists of digits from 0 to
9 on which mathematical calculations can be performed.
Excel aligns numbers with the right border of a cell.
Text data consists of alphabet, numbers or symbols
on which mathematical calculations cannot be
All About Computers - 6 15
 performed. Excel aligns text data with the left
border of a cell.
4. To create a custom list:
(a) Type the required list of values in consecutive cells
in a row or column.
(b) Select the cells containing the values.
(c) Click the File tab.
(d) Click Options in the Backstage view. The Excel
Options dialog box opens.
(e) In the left pane of the dialog box, click Advanced.
(f) In the right pane, under General section, click the
Edit Custom Lists.. button. The Custom Lists dialog
box opens.
(g) Click the Import button. The list of values gets
added to the Custom Lists box and the list items
are displayed in the List entries box.
(h) Click the OK button to close the Custom Lists
dialog box.
(i) Click the OK button to close the Excel Options
dialog box.
5. To change the height of a row in a worksheet:-
(a) Select the cells whose height you want to change.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the
Format down arrow.
A drop-down list appears.
(c) Click the Row Height and specify a value in the
Row height text box.
(d) Click the OK button.
Excel changes the row height to the specified value.
Think and Answer
1. To insert a new column in a worksheet:
(a) Select the column heading before which you want
to insert a new column.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the
Insert down arrow. A drop-down list appears.
(c) Click Insert Sheet Columns.
Excel inserts a new column before the selected column.
16 All About Computers - 6
 2. To delete rows or columns from a worksheet:
(a) Select the row heading or column heading you want
to delete.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the
Delete down arrow.
A drop-down list appears.
(c) Click Delete Sheet Rows or Delete Sheet Columns.
Excel deletes the selected row or column.
8. Formatting in Excel 2016
A. 1. Wrap Text 2. Alignment
3. Merge and Center 4. Percent Style 5. Horizontal
B. 1. text 2. Alignment
3. Number 4. Orientation 5. Font
C. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F
D. 1. Cell formatting refers to format the appearance of cells in
a worksheet. You can add a background color or border
around the cells, align the cell contents horizontally
or vertically, change the direction of the cell contents,
wrap the cell contents to display in multiple lines, and
merge the cells. To draw borders around a cell range:
(a) On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the
Borders drop-down arrow. A menu appears.
(b) Under Draw borders, select a line colour and style
for the border from the Line Color and Line Style
sub-menu respectively. The mouse pointer changes
to a pencil pointer.
(c) Click and drag the pointer over a cell range to
draw a border all around the range.
2. To add a background color to a cell range:
(a) Select the cell range to which you want to add a
background color.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the Fill
Color down arrow.
A menu appears which displays swatches of various colors.
(c) Click a color swatch in the Theme Colors or Standard
Color palette. Excel applies the specified background
color to the selected cell range.

All About Computers - 6 17

 3. To rotate the content of the cell clockwise by 60°:
(a) Select the cell range whose orentation you want to
change.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click
the Orientation button.
A menu appears
(c) Click the Format Cell Alignment option.
The Format Cells dialog box opens.
(d) In the Format Cells dialog box, on the Alignment
tab, drag the Orientation Marker to 60º or type 60º
in the Degrees spin box.
(e) Click the OK button.
Excel changes the orientation of the cell contents to 60º.
4. To display text in multiple lines within a cell:
(a) Select the cell whose text you want to display in
multiple lines.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, Click
the Wrap Text button.
Excel displays the contents of the selected cell in
multiple lines.
5. Alignment refers to the placement of cell contents within
the boundary of a cell. To align the contents of a cell
at top right position:
(a) Select the cell whose contents you want to align.
(b) On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click:
1. Align right - to change the horizontal alignment of
cell contents.
2. Top align - to change the vertical alignment of cell
contents.
Excel aligns the cell contents to top right position.
6. Excel provides various options to format numbers. You
can add a currency symbol to the number, display it
as a percentage or fraction and add or remove decimal
places in the number. This is called number formatting.
Various options available in the number format list are:
Accounting number format - To add a currency symbol
and a decimal point to the number value.

18 All About Computers - 6

 Percent style - To multiply the number by 100 and
display the number with a percentage sign.
Comma style - To add comma in a number as thousands
separator.
Increase decimal - To increase the number of digits
after the decimal point in the number.
Decrease decimal - To decrease the number of digits
after the decimal point in the number.
Think and Answer
1. Manish can use Accounting Number Format to do so.
2. Font Style, Background Color, Accounting Number Format,
Percent Style, Alignment.
9. Introduction to Small Basic
A. 1. Visual Basic 2. Editor window 3. Methods
4. 14 5. .sb
B. 1. operator 2. Assignment 3. constant
4. object 5. variable
C. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
D. 1. Small Basic is fun! 2. 29
3. 171 4. 2
5. Aditya, you are 15 years old
E. 1. IntelliSense is a feature in Small Basic that offers you
suggestions while writing code. As you type the first
few characters of the code, the IntelliSense list pops up
and offers suggestions. Press the Up and Down arrow
keys to scroll through the list of options. Press ENTER
to insert the highlighted command into your program.
2. A variable is a location in the computer’s memory that
has a name and stores data temporarily. The value of a
variable can be changed during the execution of a program.
Rules for naming variables:
• A variable should be given a unique and meaningful
name that helps you understand the purpose of the
information stored in the variable.
• A variable name can include letters, digits, and the
underscores ( _ ).
• A variable name must start with a letter and should
not be any keyword like If, For, Then, etc.
All About Computers - 6 19
 3. An expression in a program combines operators and
operands (variables and constants). An expression
having arithmetic operators results in a numeric value.
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic or
mathematical calculations on numeric constants and
variables. If there are more than one arithmetic operators
in expression, Small Basic follows the given order of
preference, for the operators, to evaluate the expression.
(a) Brackets ()
(b) Multiplication and division
(c) Addition and subtraction
If the expression has arithmetic operators of same
preference, the expression is evaluated from left to
right.
4. The TextWindow object provides various input and
output methods. Four methods of TextWindow object
are:-
(a) WriteLine () - It displays text or number in the
output window and shifts the cursor to the next
line.
(b) Write() - It displays text or number in the output
window and keeps the cursor at the end of the
same line.
(c) Read() - It reads string values as input.
(d) ReadNumber() - It reads numeric values as input.
5. The conditional statement is used to execute a statement
or a group of statements based on certain conditions.
The conditional statement lets you check a condition
and perform specific functions based on whether the
condition is True or False. It is also called the Branching
statement.
The If – Then – Else statement uses four keywords –
If, Then, Else and EndIf. The syntax of this statement
is:
If (test condition) Then
<statements to execute if the test condition is true>
Else
<statements to execute if the test condition is false>
EndIf
20 All About Computers - 6
 If the condition is True, the statements after Then
are executed and if the test condition is False, the
statements after Else are executed. After execution,
the control is transferred to EndIf.
Think and Answer
1. Name = “Mary”
Age = 12
TextWindow.WriteLine(“Welcome ” + Name)
TextWindow.WriteLine(“You are ” + Age + “ years old”)
2. (a) 25 - The number is divisible by 5 only.
(b) 11 - The number is divisible by 5 only.
(c) 30 - The number is divisible by 10 as well as 5.

10. Introduction to Pivot Animator

A. 1. animation 2. segments 3. .piv
4. Onion Skin 5. File menu
B. 1. Origin 2. Stick Figure Builder
3. Time-line 4. handles 5. segment
Title Bar
C.
Menu Bar
Frame Control buttons Time-line

Player Control buttons

Background button
Add Figure button
Stick Figure

Figure Control buttons

Add Frame button Frame Editing Area

D. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T
E. 1. Various control buttons in Pivot Animator are:
(a) Delete figure. (b) Edit figure type.
(c) Center figure. (d) Flip/mirror figure.
(e) Figure color. (f) Join/unjoin figure to another.

All About Computers - 6 21

 (g) Raise. (h) Lower.
(i) Copy figure. (j) Paste figure.
(k) Figure scale. (l) Opacity.
2. A stick figure is the representation of a person, animal,
alphabet, digit or object. Various parts of stick figures
are - Origin handle or orange handle and segment
handle or red handle.
3. To edit a stick figure:
(a) Select the stick figure you want to edit.
(b) Click the Edit Figure Type button. The Stick Figure
Builder Window opens with the selected figure in
the Editing area.
(c) Use various tools to edit the figure as desired.
(d) In the File menu, click Add to animation.
• The Figure Name Dialog box opens.
(e) Type a name for the figure and click the OK button.
The edited figure appears in the Editing area of
Pivot Animator window and gets added to the
Figure Selector.
4. To add a background image to the animation:
(a) On the Menu bar, in the File menu, click Load
Background. The Open dialog box opens.
(b) Select the image that you want to set as the
background of the frame.
(c) Click the Open button.
• A warning message appears to let you decide whether
to resize the animation to fir the image or not.
(d) Click the Yes or No button as desired.
• The selected image is added as the background of
the frame.
5. To rotate a stick figure:
(a) Press and hold the Alt key.
(b) Click and drag any segment handle to rotate the
stick figure around its original handle.
To move the stick figure:
(a) To move an entire stick figure, click and drag the
origin handle to the new position.
22 All About Computers - 6
 (b) To move a segment of the stick figure, click and
drag the corresponding segment handle to the new
position.

11. More on Pivot Animator

A. 1. sprites 2. AVI 3. Ctrl + A
4. File menu 5. Figure Scale box
B. 1. origin 2. Ctrl 3. sprite
4. Stick Figure Builder 5. Options
C. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T
D. 1. To load multiple stick figures:
(a) On the Menu bar, in the File menu, click Load
Figure Type. The Open dialog box opens.
(b) Press and hold the Ctrl key.
(c) Click the figures you want to add to the animation.
(d) Click the Open button. Pivot animator loads all
the selected figures, in the form of a stack, to the
current frame of the animation. Use the origin
handles of the loaded figures to reposition them.
2. To join two or more stick figures:
(a) Select a figure you want to join to another figure.
(b) Click the Join/Unjoin button.
• All the handles of the other figures turn white.
(c) Click a white handle of the figure to which you
want to join the origin of the selected figure.
• The selected figure gets moved to the clicked handle
of the other figure. The handle at the join appears
white indicating that it is joined.
3. To rotate and resize multiple stick figure:
(a) Select the figures you want to rotate.
(b) Press and hold the Alt key.
(c) Click and drag a red handle of any one of the
selected figures.
• Pivot animator rotates and resize the selected figures
as desired.
4. A sprite can be created in paint or any other graphic
software or downloaded from internet. Sprites are

All About Computers - 6 23

 images that can be moved around, scaled or rotated
in the same way as a stick figure.
To load a sprite:
(a) On the Menu bar, in the File menu, click Load
Sprite image. The Open dialog box opens.
(b) Click the sprite you want to load to the animation.
(c) Click the Open button.
• Pivot animator loads the selected sprite to the
current frame of the animation.
5. To export an animation:
(a) On the Menu bar, in the File menu, click Export
Animation.
The save as dialog box opens.
(b) Type a name for the file in the File name box.
(c) Click the Save as type box and select a format in
which you want to export the file.
(d) Click the Save button. Depending on the file
format you have selected, a dialog box opens that
prompts you to set different options for exporting
the animation.
(e) Set the options in the dialog box as desired and
click the OK button.
• Pivot animator exports the animation in the selected
format.
Various formats available to export an animation in
pivot animator are:
(a) GIF (Graphic interchange format)
(b) AVI (Audio video interleave) video
(c) Separate images
12. Email
A. 1. Domain Name 2. Drafts
3. email Account 4. Mail 5. Bcc
B. 1. eco-friendly 2. Spam
3. Netiquettes 4. attachments 5. Paper Clip
C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
D. 1. Email or electronic mail is an electronic message sent
form one computer user to another through internet.
24 All About Computers - 6
 Email is delivered almost instantly. It eliminates
barriers of time and distance.
Email has several advantages over the traditional paper
mail.
(a) Speed - Email is delivered extremely fast when
compared to traditional mail. It can reach any part
of the world in a fraction of seconds.
(b) Cost - Email can be sent to anyone, anywhere in
the world free of cost.
(c) Content - Email can contain text and documents,
images audio files and video files as attachments.
(d) Eco friendly - Email is eco-friendly as you do not
require paper to send it.
2. Every email account has a unique address, called its
email address. An email address is made up of two
parts – the username and the domain name, separated
by @ symbol.
Username - It is the name selected by the user at the
time of creation of the email account. The username
can have alphabet, digits and some special characters.
The username should not contain any spaces in it.
The symbol @ - It is pronounced as ‘at’. It is used to
separate the username from the domain name in an
email address.
Domain name - It is the address of the email service
provider’s website or mail server.
3. To
compose and send an email using mail app:
(a) In the Mail app, click + New mail.
• A message window opens.
(b) In the To box, type the email address of the recipient.
(c) In the Subject box, type a short description of the
email message.
(d) In the message area, type the message you want
to send.
(e) Use the formatting options at the top of the window
to format the message.
(f) Click the Send button. The Mail app sends your
All About Computers - 6 25
 email message. A copy of the sent email message
is stored in the Sent Items folder.
4. To
attach a file to an email:
(a) Click the Compose button.
• The New Message window opens.
(b) Type the recipients address, subject of the email
and the message.
(c) Click the Attach files button. The Open dialog box
opens.
(d) Select the file(s) you want to attach and click the
Open button. The selected files are uploaded as
attachment to the email.
(e) Click the Send button to send the email message
with the attachment.
5. Email netiquettes refer to the rules that one should
follow while composing or replying email messages.
Some of these are:
(a) Keep email message brief and to the point.
(b) Use proper spelling, grammar and punctuation.
(c) Do not send private or confidential information via
email.
(d) Use the subject field to indicate the content and
purpose of an email.
(e) Do not attach unnecessary files.
Think and Answer
1. Joy can email the pictures as attachments to his cousin.
2. Anna can use the Mail app to view her email.

Assessment sheet – 1
1. (a) Biometric device (b) Assembly Language
(c) Groove Music (d) Header (e) Timing
2. (a) Minicomputers (b) Fifth (c) Snooze
(d) Merge Field (e) Scrubber Bar
3. (a) F (b) T (c) T (d) F (e) T
4. (a) 3D Printer (b) Digital Projector (c) Plotter
5. (a) WinZip, WinRAR (b) Prolog, Mercury
(c) Smartphones, Tablets
26 All About Computers - 6
 (d) Google Chrome, GIMP (e) C, C++
6. (a) Microsoft Excel (b) Groove Music
(c) Custom Table (d) Transitions (e) Assembler
7. (a) Computers are broadly classified into four categories based
on their size and processing power – microcomputers,
minicomputers, mainframe computers and super
computers.
Microcomputers - A Microcomputer is the smallest
general purpose computer with a single microprocessor.
Microcomputers are also called personal computers as
they are designed to be used by one person at a time.
Minicomputers - A Minicomputer is a medium-size multi-
user computer with more than one microprocessor. It
can support about 200 users at the same time.
Mainframe Computer - A Mainframe computer is a
large-size computer with multiple microprocessors for
different tasks. It has large storage capacity with high
processing speed. It is capable of supporting hundreds,
or even thousand, of users simultaneously.
Supercomputers - A Supercomputer is huge in size with
thousands of microprocessors. It is the fastest and
the most powerful computer. It has extremely large
storage capacity with very high processing speed. It
can process trillions of instructions per second.
(b) (i) A compiler is a language processor that converts a
high-level language program into a machine language
program, in one go. It first scans the entire program
and then translates into a machine language. A compiler
also lists all errors in the program along with the line
numbers on which errors have occurred. The translated
program or object code produced by a compiler is stored
in the computer.
An interpreter is a language processor that converts
a high.level language program into machine language
program, line by line. It reads a line of source code,
converts it into machine code and executes it. If there
is an error in the code, the interpreter waits for the

All About Computers - 6 27

 error to be corrected before proceeding. The object
code produced by an interpreter is not stored in the
computer.
(ii) An OMR reader is an input device used to scan and
read special forms designed with boxes or circles
which can be marked with a pencil or pen. It uses
the light reflected from the form, for the absence or
the presence of a mark. This information is converted
into a computer readable file. An OMR reader has the
advantage of being highly accurate, cost effective and
capable of handling large number of documents in a
short duration of time. An OCR reader is an input
device used to scan printed text documents such as
books and magazines and convert them into digital files
that can be easily edited in a computer. Organisations
use OCR to scan printed forms for automated data
entry into a database in a computer.
(c) To Insert table with predefined layouts in a word
document.
(i) Click at the location in the document where you
want to insert the table.
(ii) On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click the
Table button.
• The Insert Table menu appears.
(iii) Click the Quick Tables option and select a required
table design.
• Wlord inserts the table with the selected design.
(d) To add videos in the Movie & TV app:
(i) Click the Settings button at the bottom-left of
the app window.
• The Settings page opens.
(ii) Click Choose where we look for videos.
• A pop-up screen appears. It displays the list of
folders from where the app picks videos.
(iii) Click the plus + button.

28 All About Computers - 6

 • The Select Folder dialog box opens.
(iv) Select the folder that contains the videos you want
to add to the videos list.
(v) Click the Add this folder to videos button.
• The folder is added to the folder list.
(vi) Click the Done button.
• The Movie & TV app adds the videos from the
selected folder to the videos list.
(e) Mail Merge is a feature in Word 2016 that allows you
to quickly create multiple copies of document such as
letters, email messages and envelops. The majority of
the content in the copies remains the same but details
are different, depending on the person to whom it is
addressed.
The mail merge process involves the following overall
steps:
(i) Set up the main document. The main document
contain the text and graphics that are same for
each copy of the document.
(ii) Create a data source. A data source is a list of
information, such as name, address or phone
numbers, that varies in different copies of the
document.
(iii) Merge the data source and the main document. The
data source is merged with the main document to
create multiple copies of the document.
(f) To apply an animation effect to an object:
(i) Select the object on which you want to apply an
animation.
(ii) On the Animations tab, in the Animation group,
click the More button.
• The Animation menu appears and displays various
animation effects, grouped various animation effects,
grouped under different categories.
(iii) Click a desired animation effect.

All About Computers - 6 29

 • The animation is applied to the selectede object
and previewed in the slide. A sequence number is
added adjacent to the animated object. A star
icon is displayed next to the slide thumbnails pane.
(iv) Click the Effect Options button and select a variation
for the animation effect from the list that appears.
• PowerPoint applies the selected animation effect to
the object in a slide.

Assessment sheet – 2
1.(a) Ctrl + Shift + ; (b) Drafts (c) AVI
(d) .sb (e) Wrap Text
2.(a) netiquettes (b) Stick Figure Builder
(c) Sprite (d) variable (e) AutoComplete
3.(a) F (b) F (c) T (d) T (e) T
4.(a) 35 (b) 86 (c) 4144
(d) –81.5 (e) 13
(f) The condition is false
5.(a) Merge & Center (b) AutoComplete (c) Alignment
(d) AutoFill (e) Orientation
6. (a) To create a custom list:
1. Type the required list of values in consecutive cells
in a row or column.
2. Select the cells containing the values.
3. Click the File tab.
4. Click Options in the Backstage view. The Excel
options dialog box opens.
5. In the left pane of the dialog box, click Advanced.
6. In the right pane, under General section, click the
Edit custom lists.. button.
• The Custom Lists dialog box opens.
7. Click the Import button. The list of values gets
added to the Custom lists box and the list items
are displayed in the List entries box.

30 All About Computers - 6

 8. Click the OK button to close the Custom Lists
dialog box.
9. Click the OK button to close the Excel Options
dialog box.
(b) Excel provides various options to format numbers. You
can add a currency symbol to the number, display it
as a percentage or fraction and add or remove decimal
places in the number. This is called number formatting.
Various options available in the number format list are:
Accounting number format - To add a currency symbol
and a decimal point to the number value.
Percent style - To multiply the number by 100 and
display the number with a percentage sign.
Comma style - To add comma in a number as thousands
separator.
Increase decimal - To increase the number of digits
after the decimal point in the number.
Decrease decimal - To decrease the number of digits
after the decimal point in the number.
(c) The TextWindow object provides various input and
output methods. Four methods are;
1. WriteLine (): It displays text or number in the
output window and shifts the cursor to the next
line.
2. Write(): It displays text or number in the output
window and keeps the cursor at the end of the
same line.
3. Read(): It reads string values as input.
4. ReadNumber(): It reads numeric values as input.
(d) A stick figure is the representation of a person, animal,
alphabet, digit or object. Parts of stick figures are
Origin handle or orange handle and segment handle
or red handle.
All About Computers - 6 31
 (e) Sprites are images that can be moved around, scaled
or rotated in the same way as a stick figure. To load
a sprite:
1. On the Menu bar, in the File menu, click Load
Sprite image.
• The Open dialog box opens.
2. Click the sprite you want to load to the animation.
3. Click the Open button. Pivot animator loads the
selected sprite to the current frame of the animation.
(f) To compose and send an email using mail app:
1. In the Mail app, click + new mail. A message
window opens.
2. In the To box, type the email address of the recipient.
3. In the Subject box, type a short description of the
email message.
4. In the message area, type the message you want
to send.
5. Use the formatting options at the top of the window
to format the message.
6. Click the Send button. The Mail app sends your
email message. A copy of the sent email message
is stored in the Sent items folder.

Cyber Quest
1. Web browser 2. Insert
3. 4. Wrap Text
5. Emphasis 6. a moving dashed boundary
7. [email protected] 8. 255
9. 10. Keywords

11. 8 12. 30
13. Axe 14. Joy
15. Father 16. 6
17. 128 18. 21
19. III 20. 47U15

32 All About Computers - 6

01012019