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Class1 W

The document provides an overview of computer science engineering, detailing the functional units of a computer, including the input unit, output unit, central processing unit (CPU), and memory unit. It explains the types of memory, distinguishing between primary (RAM and ROM) and secondary memory, along with their characteristics and examples. Additionally, it highlights the differences between primary and secondary memory in terms of access, storage, and cost.

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2 views16 pages

Class1 W

The document provides an overview of computer science engineering, detailing the functional units of a computer, including the input unit, output unit, central processing unit (CPU), and memory unit. It explains the types of memory, distinguishing between primary (RAM and ROM) and secondary memory, along with their characteristics and examples. Additionally, it highlights the differences between primary and secondary memory in terms of access, storage, and cost.

Uploaded by

jithin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Science Engineering

Ms Arsha Arun
Computer

● An electronic device that receives input, stores or processes the


input as per user instructions and provides output in desired
format.
Functional Units of Computer

● Input Unit
● Central Processing Unit
● Memory Unit
● Output Units
Input Unit
● Accept the data and instructions from the outside world.
● Convert it to a form that the computer can understand.
● Supply the converted data to the computer system for further
processing. E.g. Keyboard, mouse, Scanner, Microphone etc
Output Unit
● Convert electronically generated information into human readable
form.
● Provide the converted information and results of a computation to
outside world.
● E.g. Monitor, Printers, Speaker, Headphone, Projector etc.
Central Processing Unit
● The Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) together
form the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
● CU controls and coordinates all computer components.
● ALU executes all arithmetic and logic operations.
Memory Unit
● The storage space in the computer where data and instructions
given to computer as well as results given by computer are
stored.
● Two types of Memory
1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory
Primary Memory
● Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which
the computer is currently working.

● Primary memory is of two types


1. RAM
2. ROM
Random Access Memory ( RAM )
● Possible to randomly select and use any location of the memory
directly. RAM is Read/Write memory.
● The storage of data and instructions is temporary.
● Data and instructions lost when power is switched off. So RAM is
volatile.
● RAM is of two types
1. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory )
2. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory )
Read Only Memory ( ROM )
● The storage of program and data in the ROM is permanent.
● The ROM can only be read by the CPU but it cannot be changed.
● The BIOS is stored in the ROM.
● ROM do not lose their content on failure of power supply.
● So ROM is non-volatile.
● Types of ROMS
1. PROM
2. EPROM
3. EEPROM
Programmable Read Only Memory ( PROM )
● PROM can be modified only once by a user.

Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory ( EPROM )


● EPROM can be erased by exposing it to ultra-violet light.

Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory (


EEPROM )
● EEPROM can be programmed and erased electrically.
Secondary Memory
● Store a large amount of data or information permanently.
● A CPU cannot access secondary memory directly.
● Types of Secondary Memory
1. Magnetic Tapes
2. Magnetic Disks
3. Optical Disks
Magnetic Tapes
● Long, narrow strip of plastic film with a thin, magnetic coating on
it used for magnetic recording.
Magnetic Disks
● Circular metal or a plastic plate coated with magnetic material.
Optical Disks
● Laser-based storage medium that can be written to and read.
Primary Memory Secondary Memory
• Main memory or Internal memory • External memory or Auxiliary memory
• Data is directly accessed by CPU • Data is first transferred to RAM and then to CPU
• Semi-conductor chips are used • Magnetic disk, optical disks are used
• Information stored is temporary • Information stored is permanent
• More expensive • Less expensive
• RAM- volatile ,ROM- Non-volatile • Always Non-volatile
• Very fast in interacting with CPU • Slow in interacting with CPU
• Limited Storage capacity • Store bulk amounts of data
• Examples: RAM, ROM • Examples: Magnetic Tapes, Optical Disc, Floppy
Disks, USB drives etc.
Thank You

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