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Data Link Layer Design Issues

The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between the network layer on source and destination machines, providing services such as error detection and flow regulation. It uses techniques like parity checks, checksums, and cyclic redundancy checks for error detection, and employs protocols like Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) for error correction. The data link layer encapsulates packets from the network layer into frames for transmission.

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2 views2 pages

Data Link Layer Design Issues

The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between the network layer on source and destination machines, providing services such as error detection and flow regulation. It uses techniques like parity checks, checksums, and cyclic redundancy checks for error detection, and employs protocols like Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) for error correction. The data link layer encapsulates packets from the network layer into frames for transmission.

Uploaded by

Jon Snow
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The data link layer uses the services of the physical layer to send and receive bits over

communication
channels. It has a number of functions, including:

1. Providing a well-defined service interface to the network layer.

2. Dealing with transmission errors.

3. Regulating the flow of data so that slow receivers are not swamped by fast senders.

To accomplish these goals, the data link layer takes the packets it gets from the network layer and
encapsulates them into frames for transmission

1. The function of the data link layer is to provide services to the network layer. The principal
service is transferring data from the network layer on the source ma chine to the network layer
on the destination machine. The job of the data link layer is to transmit the bits to the
destination machine so they can be handed over to the network layer.
2. The most sophisticated service the data link layer can provide to the network layer is
connection-oriented service. With this service, the source and destination machines establish
a connection before any data are transferred

Error Detection

• Purpose: To determine whether an error has occurred during data transmission.

• Techniques:

o Parity Check: A parity bit is added to the data to make the number of 1s either even
(even parity) or odd (odd parity). At the receiver end, parity is checked to detect
errors.

o Checksum: The data is divided into equal-sized blocks, and the sum of these blocks is
calculated and appended as a checksum. The receiver recalculates the checksum to
check for consistency.

o Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): A more sophisticated error detection method that
involves treating the data as a polynomial and dividing it by a predetermined
polynomial to produce a remainder (CRC code). This remainder is sent along with the
data, and the receiver performs a similar calculation to verify data integrity.

Error Correction

• Purpose: To correct detected errors to recover the original data.

• Techniques:

o Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ): A set of protocols that rely on feedback from the
receiver to ensure reliable data transmission.

▪ Stop-and-Wait ARQ: After sending a frame, the sender waits for an


acknowledgment (ACK) from the receiver before sending the next frame. If no
ACK is received within a certain time (or if a negative acknowledgment (NAK)
is received), the frame is retransmitted.

▪ Go-Back-N ARQ: The sender can send multiple frames before needing an
acknowledgment, but if an error is detected, the receiver discards the
erroneous frame and all subsequent frames, and the sender retransmits
them.

▪ Selective Repeat ARQ: The receiver only requests retransmission of the


erroneous frames, which are individually resent. This method is more efficient
compared to Go-Back-N.

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