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Module One Notes

A computer network consists of devices connected by communication links, enabling data exchange. Networks can be classified by transmission mode, authentication type, geographical location, and reliability. Applications of computer networks include resource sharing, information sharing, communication, entertainment, and education.

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3 views3 pages

Module One Notes

A computer network consists of devices connected by communication links, enabling data exchange. Networks can be classified by transmission mode, authentication type, geographical location, and reliability. Applications of computer networks include resource sharing, information sharing, communication, entertainment, and education.

Uploaded by

Jon Snow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Network

A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node
can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated
by other nodes on the network.

Over the years, some layered models have been standardized. The OSI, Open Systems
Interconnection (ISO/OSI) layered model has seven layers and was developed by a set of committees
of International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Classification/ types of Computer Networks

1.Based on Transmission Mode

Transmission mode defines the direction of signal flow between two linked devices. There are three
types of transmission modes.

Simplex

In simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional. Among the stations only one can transmit and
the other can only receive.

Half-Duplex

In half-Duplex mode, the communication is bidirectional. In this both station can sent and receive
but not at the same time.

Full-Duplex

In Full-Duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.

2.Based on Time in Transmission Type

• Synchronous Transmission

In synchronous Transmission both the sender and the receiver use the same time cycle for the
transmission.

• Asynchronous Transmission

Packets are received with varying delays, so packets can arrive out of order. Some packets are not
received correctly.

3. Based on Authentication

• Peer to Peer Connection

In peer-to-peer networks, there are no dedicated servers. All the computers are equal and therefore,
are termed as peers. Normally, each computer functions as both a client and a server. No one can
control the other computers.

• Server Based Connection

Most networks have a dedicated server. A dedicated server is a computer on a network which
functions as a server and cannot be used as a client or a workstation. A dedicated server is optimized
to service requests from network clients. A server can control the clients for its services.

4. Based on Geographical location

• Local Area Networks (LAN)

LAN is a small high speed network. In LAN few numbers of systems are interconnected with
networking device to create network. As the distance increases between the nodes or system it
speed decreases. So it is limed to few meters only. Networks which cover close geographical area.
LAN used to link the devices in a single office, building or campus. It provides high speeds over short
distance. Systems are connecting directly to Network. The LAN is owned by private people.

• Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN is collection of network (or LAN). This network speed is less than the LAN network speed.WAN
network connect systems indirectly. WAN spread over the world may be spread over more than one
city country or continent. Systems in this network are connected indirectly. Generally WAN network
are slower speed than LAN’s. The WAN network are owned or operated by network providers. If it is
owned by a single owner then it is called Enterprise network. Often these types have combination of
more than one topology.

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Metropolitan area network is an extension of local area network to spread over the city. It may be a
single network or a network in which more than one local area network can share their resources.

5. Based on Reliability

• Connection-oriented

This type of communication establishes a session connection before data can be sent. This method
is often called a "reliable" network service. It can guarantee that data will arrive in the same order. Eg:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

• Connection less

This type of communication does not require a session connection between sender and receiver for
data transfer. The sender simply starts sending packets to the destination. A connectionless network
provides minimal services.

Eg: UDP (User Datagram Protocol)


Basic Structure of the OSI model

Uses or Applications of Computer Networks

• Resource sharing: Computer networks allow users to share resources such as printers,
servers, and software.
• Information sharing: Computer networks enable users to access and exchange data and
information over the network, such as the World Wide Web.
• Communication: Computer networks facilitate fast and effective communication among
users via email, instant messaging, and video conferencing.
• Entertainment: Computer networks support various entertainment services, such as digital
video and audio, online gaming, and social media.
• Education: Computer networks provide access to remote databases, educational
resources, and distance learning platforms for students and teachers.

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