CLASS ASSIGNMENT - CHAPTER 5

Question 1
You are given the following discrete joint probability function:
f (x, y) = k (x2 + y2), where x = -1,0,1,3 and y = -1,2,3
A) Construct a joint probability distribution table with all probabilities filled in, based on the
given function.
B) For what values of k, is f (x, y) a valid pmf?
C) Find the expected value of y?
D) Find the variance of Y.
E) What is the conditional distribution of Y when x = 0?
F) Are X and Y statistically independent?
Question 2
You are given the following Joint prob. Function: -
f (x, y) = cxy where 1≤ x ≤3 and 1≤ y ≤3
f (x, y) = 0, otherwise
A) Find the value of c.
B) Find P (X = 2, Y = 3)
C) P (1≤ X ≤2, Y ≤ 2)
D) P(X≥2)
E) P (Y<2)
F) P (X = 1)
G) P (Y = 3)
H) Find the marginal pmf of X and Y and determine if X and Y are independent.
Question 3
The joint pmf : -
Y
1 2 3
X 1 1/6 1/6 1/6
2 1/6 1/12 1/12
3 1/12 1/12 0
Find
A) E(X)
B) Conditional distribution of X when Y=2.
C) V(Y)
D) P (X=2, Y>1)
E) Independent?
Question 4
The joint pdf is f (x, y) = (x+ y) / k, where 0 < x <2 and 0 < y< 1
A) For what value of k, is f (x, y) valid?
B) Find E(Y)
C) Derive marginal pdf of X.
D) Are X and Y independent?
E) Find P (X < 1 and Y > 0.5)

Question 5
The joint pdf of (X, Y) is
6(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) / 5 , 0 ≤ X ≤ 1, 0 ≤ Y ≤ 1
F (x, y) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
A) Find P (0≤ X ≤ 1/4, 1≤ Y ≤ 1/4)
B) Fx(X) and Fx(X)
C) Independent?
D) Find conditional density of Y given that X = 0.8.
E) Find the conditional expectation E (Y/X = 0.8)
F) Find the conditional probability P (Y ≤ 0.5/ X =0.8)
Question 6
If the joint probability density of X and Y is given by
𝑐(2𝑥 + 𝑦), 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 3
F (x, y) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
a) Find the value of the constant c
b) Derive the conditional density of x, given y = 1.
c) V(Y)
d) Are X and Y independent? why?
Question 7
The joint probability function of the continuous random variable X and Y is given by
𝑘(4𝑥 + 2𝑦), 0 < 𝑥 < 1,0 < 𝑦 < 1
F (x, y) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find
A) Value of k
B) E(X)
C) V(X)
D) Conditional distribution of Y, when X = 1.

Question 8
Explain whether the following statements are true:
1) If the correlation coefficient between 2 random variables X and Y is zero, they are
independent.
2) If the correlation coefficient between 2 random variables X and Y is 0.8, then the correlation
coefficient between 5 X and Y+5 is also 0.8.
Question 9
The joint probability distribution of X and Y is given in the table below-
Y
0 1 2
X 0 1/4 1/8 0
1 1/8 1/4 0
2 0 0 1/4

a) Find the marginal distribution of X

b) Find the conditional distribution of X, given Y = 1
c) Find the variance of Y
d) Find whether X and Y independent? Why?
e) Find covariance of X and Y.
Question 10
You are given the following probability density functions for X and Y.
g(X) = 8/x2, x >2
h(y) = 2y, 0<y<1
a) What is the expected value of X?
b) What is the variance of Y?
c) Define the correlation coefficient? How is it related to independence between 2 variables?
d) If X and Y are independent, then what is the joint probability density function for X and y ?
e) Let Z =XY. Find E(Z), if X and Y are independent.
Question 11
The joint probability function of 2 discrete random variable X and Y is given by f(x, y) = c(2x+y),
where x and y can assume all integers such that 0≤ x ≤2, 0 ≤ y ≤3 and f(x, y ) =0, otherwise.
A) Find c
B) Find P (X=2, Y=1)
C) P (X ≥ 1, Y ≤ 2)
D) Find marginal probability function of X and Y.
E) Are X and Y statistically independent?
F) Find E(x), E(y), E(xy), E(x2), E(y2), var(x) and var(y).
G) Find cov(X, Y) and correlation coefficient.
H) Is there a linear relationship between X and Y? if yes, why?
Question 12
Suppose that the random variables X and Y have a joint density function given by-
f (x, y) = c(2x+y), 2 ≤ x ≤6, 0 ≤ y ≤5
0, otherwise
Find
a) The value of c
b) P (3<X<4, Y>2)
c) P(X>3)
d) E(X), E(Y), E(XY)
e) E(X2), E(Y2), var (X) and var (Y)
f) Find cov(X, Y) and correlation coefficient.
g) Is there a linear relationship between X and Y? if yes, why?
Question 13
A population comprises 3 members 1, 5, 3. Draw all possible samples of size two
1) with replacement
2) without replacement
Find the sampling distribution of sample means in both cases. Find E (𝑥̅ ).
Question 14
A particular brand of dishwasher soap is sold in 3 sizes: - 20 oz, 40 oz, 60 oz.
20% of all purchasers select a 25 oz box, 50 % select a 40 oz box and the remaining 30 % select a 65-
oz box. Let X1 and X2 denote the package sizes selected by 2 Independent customers.
a) Determine the sampling distribution of X, calculate E (𝑥̅ ) and compare to μ.
b) Determine the sampling distribution of the sample variance s2, calculate E(s2) and compare
to σ2.
Question 15
If a random sample of size n is taken from population of size N.
a) How many different equally likely samples can be drawn: - 1) WR 2) WOR
b) What is the variance of the sample mean 1) WR 2) WOR
c) Under what condition do the answers in a) and b) approach each other?
Question 16
The weight of 1500 ball bearings are normally distributed with mean 22.40 kg and s.d. of 0.048 kg. If
300 random samples of size 36 are drawn, determine 𝜇̂ 𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎̂𝑥̅ in case of WR and WOR.
Question 17 For a population of size 80 with mean 82 and s.d. 2.1, find 𝜎𝑥̅ for sample size 1) n = 16
and 2) n = 25.
Question 17
Random samples of size 2 from population 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
a) Calculate μ and σ of population.
b) List all possible samples of size “2”, drawn without replacement
c) Construct the sampling distribution of means.
d) Calculate the mean and s.d. of probability distribution obtained above and illustrate their
relation with corresponding population values.
Question 18
a) List all the possible samples of size 2 that can be drawn with replacement from population
{3,5,7,9}.
b) Compute 𝜇𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑥̅ ) and verify relation with population values.
∑(𝑥𝑖 −𝑥̅ )2
c) Derive the distribution of sample variances 𝑠 2 = and verify that 𝐸(𝑠 2 ) = 𝜎 2 .
𝑛−1
Question 19
Given is an infinite population with distribution
X 1 2 3 4
F(X) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

List 16 possible samples of size 2.

Construct distribution of 𝑥̅ .
Find 𝜇𝑥̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑥̅ ).
Verify with population values.
Question 20
There are 2 traffic lights on a commuter’s route to and from work. Let X1 be the no. of lights at
which the commuter must top on his way to work. X2 be the no. of lights at which he must stop
when returning from work. Suppose these two variables are independent, each with pmf: -
X 0 1 2
P(X) 0.2 0.5 0.3

μ = 1.1 and σ2 = 0.49

a) Determine pmf of t0 = X1 + X2
b) Calculate μ(T0) Relate with population mean.
c) Calculate 𝜎 2 (𝑇0). Relate with population variance.
Question 21
The goals scored by a team in a soccer match is a random variable, which takes the values 0, 1 and 2
with probabilities 0.3, 0.6 and 0.1 respectively. If the team plays 2 matches, then draw up the
sampling distribution of the total no. of goals scored and find its expected value and the variance?
Question 22
A certain automobile manufacturer equips a particular model with either a 6 cyl engine or a 4 cyl
engine. Let x1 and x2 be fuel efficiency for independently and randomly selected 6 cyl and 4 cyl
respectively with μ=22 and σ = 1.2 for x1; μ= 26 and σ=1.5 for x2. Calculate E (x1 -x2) and σx1-x2.
Question 23
A gas station sells 3 grades of gasoline at $3, $3.2 & $3.4 per gallon respectively. Let x1, x2 and x3
denote the amounts of these grades purchased(gallons) on a particular day. Suppose the Xi’s are
independent with μ1= 1000, μ2= 500, μ3 = 300 and σ1 = 100, σ2=80 and σ3= 50.
Revenue, Y = 3 x1 + 3.2 x2 + 3.4 x3
Compute E(y) and σy.
Question 24
A firm sells commodities X and Y at prices Rs 10 and Rs 2 respectively and a fixed cost C is incurred in
the process. If expected sales and variance of X are 100 and 25; for y, these are 200 and 64
respectively. Find E(revenue) and s.d. of revenue provided cov(X, Y) = -2
Question 25
Three different roads feed into a particular freeway entrance. Suppose that during a fixed time
period, the number of cars coming from each road onto the freeway is a random variable, with
expected value and standard deviation as given
Road 1 Road 2 Road 3
Expected value 800 1000 600
s.d. 16 25 18

Let Xi denote no. of cars entering road I:

a) what is expected total no. of cars entering the freeway at this point during the period?
b) What is the variance of total no. of cars? Have you made any assumptions about relationship
of Xi’s?
c) Suppose cov(x1, x2) = 80, cov(x1, x3) = 90, cov(x2,x3) = 100
Compute expected total no. of cars entering and s.d. of total.
Question 26
An auditor of a large credit card company knows that on an average, the monthly balance of any
given customer is Rs. 11, 200 with a std deviation of Rs. 3200. If he selects 50 accounts at random,
what is the probability that sample 𝑥̅ is a) below 10000 b) between 10900 and 12300.
Question 27
The s.d. of amount of time taken by a student in completing project is 40 min. A random sample of
64 students taken. What is the probability that sample mean will be more than 8 min less than the
population mean?
Question 28
What is the probability that 𝑥̅ is not more than 2 units away from the population mean, if 𝜎𝑥̅ = 3?
Question 29
The mean of random sample of size 50 is used to estimate the mean of a very large population
consisting of attention spans of person over 65 which has a s.d. 2.4 minutes. What can we assert
about the probability that the error ( 𝑥̅ − 𝜇 ) will be less than 1.2 minutes if CLT applies.
Question 30
In a sampling distribution of means, if 40 % of the values of 𝑥̅ lie above 8 and 40 % values lie below
6, what is the probability that 𝑥̅ will lie in the interval 4 to 4.8? Answer = 0.0646
Question 31
Assume that heights of 3000 male students at a university are normally distributed with mean 68
inches ad standard deviation 3 inches. If 80 samples consisting of 25 students each are obtained, in
how many samples would you expect to find the mean a) between 66.8- and 68.3-inches b) less than
66.4 inches? Answer a) 53 and b) 0
Question 32
Let x1, x2, x3 represent the times necessary to perform 3 successive repair tasks at a certain service
facility. Suppose they are independent normal r.v.’s with expected values μ1, μ2, μ3 and variances σ12,
σ22, σ32 respectively.
a) If μ1=μ2=μ3=60 and σ12=σ22 =σ32 =15, calculate P (T0 ≤ 200) and P (150 ≤ T0 ≤ 200)?
b) Using the μ’s and σ’s given in part a)
Calculate a) P (55 ≤ 𝑥̅ ) b) P (58≤𝑥̅ ≤62) c) P (-10≤ x1-0.5x2-0.5x3 ≤5)
c) If μ1 = 40, μ2 = 50, μ3 = 60, σ12 = 10, σ22 = 12, σ32 = 14, calculate P (x1+ x2+ x3 ≤ 160), P (x1+ x2 ≥
2x3)
Answer – a) 0.9986 and 0.9986 b) 0.9875 & 0.6266 & 0.8357 c) 0.9525 & 0.0003
Question 35
Suppose 2 makes of electric bulbs A and B are tested and observed. Bulbs of make A exhibit a mean
life of 900 hours and standard deviation of 30 hours. Those of make B show a mean life of 860 hours
and s.d. of 20 hours. Find the probability that difference between the means lives of a sample of 40
bulbs of make A and 30 bulbs of make B is less than 28 hours.
Answer – 0.0228