1

1 The figure shows a transformer used to allow lamps of different voltage ratings to be operated from
a 240 V mains supply.

240 V X
Y
Z

primary coil secondary coil

The primary coil and the secondary coil both have 500 uniformly-wound turns.

Electrical connections to the secondary coil can be made at four places, W, X, Y and Z.

(a) A lamp, designed to light at normal brightness with a 120 V supply, lights normally when
connected between W and X.

Calculate the number of turns between W and X.

number of turns = ........................... [3]

(b) The lamp in (a) is connected between X and Y.

Describe and explain what happens to the lamp.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]
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(c) State what would happen if the 120 V lamp in (a) is connected between W and Z.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

2 In the figure, XY is a copper rod placed between the N and S poles of a magnet.

N S

X
A B

XY is connected to the terminals A and B of a sensitive, centre-zero instrument that measures

(a) State the name of this instrument. ............................................................................................. [1]

(b) When there is no current, the pointer on the instrument points half-way between A and B.

State what, if anything, is seen happening to the pointer when XY is

(i) held stationary,

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) moved horizontally at a steady speed towards the N pole,

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) moved horizontally at a steady speed towards the S pole,

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) moved repeatedly up and down at right angles to the magnetic field.

................................................................................................................................ [2]
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(c) Suggest one electrical device that makes use of the effect demonstrated in (b).

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

3 The electric circuit shown in the figure contains a battery, two resistors, a switch and another
component.

12 V

A
16.0 Ω 8.0 Ω
S

Using values from the figure, calculate

(a) the combined resistance of the two resistors,

combined resistance = ..................................... [2]

(b) the current in the circuit, stating the unit of your answer.

current = ..................................... [4]

[Total: 6]
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4 The electric circuit in the figure contains a cell, two resistors and another component.

X R1 R2 Y

(a) Resistor R1 has a resistance of 8 and resistor R2 has a resistance of 12 .

Calculate the combined resistance of R1 and R2 when arranged as in the figure.

resistance ....................................................... [2]

(b) R1 and R2 are removed from the circuit and then re-connected between X and Y, so that they
have a different combined resistance.

(i) In the space below, draw the circuit showing R1 and R2 connected in this different way.

[2]

(ii) What word is used to describe this different way of connecting R1 and R2?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]
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5 The transformer in the figure below has 600 turns on its primary coil AB, and 400 turns on its
secondary coil CD.

iron core

A
C

D
B

primary coil secondary coil

(a) AB is connected to a 120 V alternating mains supply. An a.c. voltmeter is connected across
CD.

Calculate the reading on the voltmeter.

voltmeter reading = ........................... V [3]

(b) A large number of cells are connected in series, to make a 120 V battery.

The mains supply is disconnected from AB, and the 120 V battery is connected in its place.

(i) [1]
State the voltage across CD...............................

(ii) Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]
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6 A boy looks at the image of a clock in a plane mirror. The diagram shows the mirror, the clock and
the position of one of the boy’s eyes.

mirror

boy’s eye
clock

(a) On the diagram above, draw a ray of light from the clock, reflected to the boy’s eye.
[2]

(b) On the diagram above, mark with an X the position of the image of the clock.
[1]

(c) State whether the image formed by the mirror is virtual or real.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The diagram below shows the image of the clock seen by the boy.

The boy now looks directly at the clock.

On the diagram below, draw what the boy sees.

[1]

[Total: 5]
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7 The table shows 5 different types of electromagnetic wave.

In the blank column in the table, write the numbers 1 to 5 to show the order of wavelength. Write
1 for the wave with the shortest wavelength and 5 for the wave with the longest wavelength.

type of electromagnetic wave order of wavelength

gamma rays

light

microwaves

ultraviolet

X-rays

[2]

[Total: 2]

8 The diagram shows an ultrasound wave being used to scan an internal organ of a human body.

ultrasound transmitter
and receiver

internal organ

ultrasound
wave

The ultrasound wave has a frequency of 2.0 MHz and passes through human tissue at a speed of
1500 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the ultrasound wave in human tissue.

wavelength = ..................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

9 This notation represents the nucleus of a neutral atom of carbon-14.

(a) State the number of:

(i) protons in the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon. Carbon-12 is another isotope of carbon.

Compare the nucleus of carbon-14 with the nucleus of carbon-12. State the similarities and
differences.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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10 A radioactive sample is placed close to a detector. The radioactive isotope in the sample has a
long half-life. The detector records a count rate of 597 counts / s.

The table shows the readings when different materials are placed between the radioactive sample
and the detector.

material

a sheet of paper 602

a piece of thin aluminium 598

a piece of thin lead 510

Explain whether any α-particles, β-particles or γ-rays are emitted by the radioactive sample.

α-particles ................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

β-particles ................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

γ-rays .......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

11 In a laboratory at normal room temperature, 200 g of water is poured into a beaker. A thermometer
placed in the water has a reading of 22 °C.

Small pieces of ice at 0 °C are added to the water one by one. The mixture is stirred after each
addition until the ice has melted. This process is continued until the temperature recorded by the
thermometer is 0 °C.

The total mass of ice added to the water is found to be 60 g.

(a) The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J / (g °C).

Calculate the thermal energy lost by the water originally in the beaker.

thermal energy = .............................................. [2]

(b) Assume that all the thermal energy lost by the water originally in the beaker is transferred to
the ice.

Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.

specific latent heat of fusion of ice = .............................................. [2]

(c) Suggest a reason for any inaccuracy in the value of the specific latent heat of fusion of ice
calculated in (b). Assume the temperature readings and the values for the mass of the water
and the mass of the ice are accurate.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

12 A metal tyre for a wooden wheel is made from an iron ring. This is shown in the figure.

wooden wheel

iron ring

joints

The iron ring is made slightly too small to fit on the wheel.

(a) Explain why heating the iron ring will help it fit on the wheel.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain your answer to (a) in terms of the particles in the iron ring.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) Explain what will happen to the iron ring after it has been fitted on the wheel and left to cool.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Suggest what happens to the joints in the wooden wheel after fitting the iron ring.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

13 The diagram shows the forces acting on a uniform balanced beam. The beam is pivoted at its
centre.

(a) Calculate the moment of the 5.2 N force about the pivot and show that its value is close to
30 Ncm.

[3]

(b) The beam is balanced. Calculate force P.

force P = ...................................................... N [4]

[Total: 7]
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14 The weight of a table is 280 N. The table has four legs. The area of each table leg in contact with
2
the floor is 18 cm .

Calculate the pressure of the table on the floor. Give the correct unit.

pressure on the floor = ............................... unit .................. [5]

[Total: 5]

15 The diagram shows a submarine. The submarine is fully submerged in the sea.

3
The density of sea water is 1020 kg / m .

The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and the total pressure on the top surface of the submarine
is 500 kPa.

Calculate the depth of the top surface of the submarine below the surface of the sea.

depth = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

16 A rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12 m × 0.16 m. The container is filled with a
liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8 kg.
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(a) Calculate

(i) the weight of liquid in the container,

weight = ..................................... [1]

(ii) the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container.

pressure = ..................................... [2]

(b) Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value calculated
in (a)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m.

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ..................................... [2]

[Total: 6]