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CS201 Short Notes

The document provides an overview of programming, defining it as the process of writing instructions for computers. It covers programming languages, the basic structure of a C++ program, variables and data types, input/output operations, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays, and pointers. Each section includes examples and syntax relevant to C++ programming.

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2 views2 pages

CS201 Short Notes

The document provides an overview of programming, defining it as the process of writing instructions for computers. It covers programming languages, the basic structure of a C++ program, variables and data types, input/output operations, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays, and pointers. Each section includes examples and syntax relevant to C++ programming.

Uploaded by

Umair ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CS201 - Introduction to Programming (Short Notes)

1. What is Programming?

Programming is the process of writing instructions (code) for a computer to perform specific tasks.

2. Programming Languages:

- High-Level Languages: Easy to understand (e.g., C++, Java)

- Low-Level Languages: Closer to machine code (e.g., Assembly)

3. Basic Structure of a C++ Program:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

// code

return 0;

4. Variables and Data Types:

- Variable: A container to store data

- Common Data Types: int, float, char, bool, string

5. Input/Output in C++:

- Input: cin >> variable;

- Output: cout << "Message";

6. Conditional Statements:

- if, if-else, else-if: Used to make decisions

- Syntax: if (condition) { // code }

7. Loops:

- for, while, do-while: Used for repetition


- for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // code }

8. Functions:

A block of code that performs a specific task.

- Syntax: returnType functionName(parameters) { // code }

9. Arrays:

Used to store multiple values of the same type.

- int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

10. Pointers (Basic):

A pointer stores the address of a variable.

- int *ptr = &x;

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