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Advanced
Statistics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
DATA AND INFORMATION

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Advanced Statistics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Data and Information
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: JANSTEN B. MAPATAC

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Department of Education – Region II

Office Address: Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500

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Telefax: (078) 304-3855 / (078) 396-0677 / (078) 396-9728
E-mail Address: [email protected]

Advanced
Statistics
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Data and Information

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Advanced Statistics – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Data and Information.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Advanced Statistics Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Data and Information.

Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this
learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and
time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer

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 Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
discuss the concepts of data and information. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is all about data and information.

After going through this module, you are expected to distinguish the two sources
of data, classify data with the scales of measurement, and differentiate the
methods of collecting data.

Lesso
n
Data and Information
01
In the previous module on constants and variables, you learned some
concepts on the difference between the two as well as the classifications of
variables.

In this lesson, you will learn more about data and information. Among the
topics to be included in this part are two sources of data, scales of measurement,
and the methods of collecting data.

What’s In
Let’s revisit what you have learned from your previous module.

Constants refer to the fundamental quantities that do not change in

value. Variables, on the other hand, are quantities that they take any of a
specified set of values. These set of values can be classified as qualitative
(categorical) and quantitative (numerical) variables.

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 Qualitative variables are non-measurable characteristics that cannot
assume a numerical value but can be classified into two or more categories.
Quantitative variables are those quantities that can be counted with your bare
hands, can be measured with the use of some measuring devices, or can be
calculated with the use of mathematical formula.
Variables also refer to any observable characteristics or attributes of a
group of objects, individuals or events.

What is It
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in
guiding the learners.

SOURCES OF DATA
There are two sources of obtaining data. One is called the primary
source from which is first-hand information is obtained usually by means of
personal interview and actual observation. On the other hand, the secondary
source of information is taken from other’s works, news reports, readings, and
those that are kept by the National Statistics Office, Securities and Exchange
Commission, S.S.S, and other government and private agencies.
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
1. Nominal scale - the lowest level and primitive type of measurement scale.
It permits classification of individuals into two or more categories. It
likewise permits the making of statements of equality or difference. The
basic requirement is to assign an item or individual to one and only one
category and specify the criteria for placing individuals into classes.
Examples include sex, status, religion, ethnicity, and among others.
2. Ordinal scale – specifies the relative position of items/individuals with
respect to a given characteristic, with no indication as to the distance
between the positions. It has the same quality with a nominal scale, plus
the characteristic of greater than or less than. One must be able to
determine whether an item has more, same or less of the attribute than
another item or individual has. Some examples include satisfaction level,
position in a company, and among others.
3. Interval scale – permits the making of statements of sameness or
difference, greater than or less than, and the added property that the
intervals between items are equal. However, it does not have a true zero
point. Being zero does not mean absence of something or nothing.
Example includes test score (one who scored 4 has twice more of the one
who got 2, but one who got 0 does not mean he knows nothing about the
lesson discussed)

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 4. Ratio scale – permits the making of statements of sameness or difference,
greater than or less than, equal ratios between items, and the presence of
a TRUE zero point, which means absence of the attribute being measured.
Examples include distance traveled (The measurement starts from point 0
always), weight, time, height, rate of change in production, return of
investments and economic order quantity.

METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA

1. Direct of Interview Method – is a person-to-person interaction between an
interviewer and an interviewee. Tape recorded or written interviews will
help the researcher obtain exact information from the interviewee.
2. Indirect or Questionnaire Method – is an alternative method for the
interview method. Written responses are obtained by distributing
questionnaires (a list of questions intended to elicit answers to a given
problem, must be given in a logical order and not too personal) to the
respondents through mail or hand-carry.
3. Registration Method – is enforced by private organizations or government
agencies for recording purposes.
4. Observation Method – is a scientific method of investigation that makes
possible use of all senses to measure or obtain outcomes/responses from
the object of the study.
5. Experimentation – is used when the objective is to determine the cause-
and-effect of a certain phenomenon under some controlled conditions.

POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES

A population is the set of all individuals of interest in a particular study.
We will also refer to populations of scores. A sample is a set of individuals
selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a
study. We will also refer to samples of scores.

PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

A parameter is a value, usually a numerical value that describes a population. A
parameter may be obtained from a single measurement, or it may be derived
from a set of measurements from the population. A statistic is a value, usually a
numerical value that describes a sample. A statistic may be obtained from a
single measurement, or it may be derived from a set of measurements from the
sample.

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References

Arao, Rosalia R, Antonio Roland I CoPo, Angeline T Laddaran, Leila D Meija, and
Yonardo A. Gabuyo. 2015. Statistics. Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Batanero, Carmen, and Manfred Borovcnik. 2016. Statistics and Probability In
High School. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.
Carpio, Joy N. n.d. Statistics and Probability/Joy N. Carpio [And Three Others].
Mario F. Triola. 2018. Elementary Statistics. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
Yao, Ana Maria S.D, Helen D Tizon, Immaculata A Policarpio, Leila D. P Mejia,
Angeline T Laddaran, Yonardo A Gabuyo, Antonio Roland I CoPo, and
Priscilla S Altares. 2012. Elementary Statistics With Computer
Applications.Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
“K12MATH014: Advanced Statistics|Saylor Academy”. 2020. Saylor Academy.
https://learn.saylor.org/course/k12math014

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Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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