🧠 QUESTION BANK FOR THEORY + PRACTICAL EXAM

1️⃣ NumPy Questions

Theory

• Q1. What is NumPy? Why is it faster than Python lists?

➔ NumPy (Numerical Python) is a library for fast, memory-efficient, large numerical
computations. It supports vectorized operations (no loops needed).
• Q2. How do you create arrays in NumPy?

python
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import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(arr)

• Q3. Differentiate between zeros(), ones(), full(), eye() in NumPy.

• Q4. Write a program to create a 2D array and reshape it into 3x3.

python
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arr = np.arange(1, 10)
new_arr = arr.reshape(3, 3)
print(new_arr)

• Q5. What are slicing and indexing? Give examples.

• Q6. Explain np.save(), np.load(), np.savetxt(), np.loadtxt() with syntax.

2️⃣ Pandas Questions

Theory

• Q1. What is Pandas? What are Series and DataFrame?

➔ Pandas is a Python library for data analysis; Series is 1D, DataFrame is 2D.
• Q2. Write a program to create a DataFrame from a dictionary.

python
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import pandas as pd
data = {'Name': ['A', 'B'], 'Age': [20, 25]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

• Q3. What is pivot_table()? Why is it used?

• Q4. Explain how to handle missing values using dropna(), fillna(), interpolate().
• Q5. Write code to merge two DataFrames based on a common column.
 python
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df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1, 2], 'Name': ['John', 'Jane']})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [2, 3], 'Marks': [90, 80]})
df_merged = pd.merge(df1, df2, on="ID", how="inner")
print(df_merged)

3️⃣ Matplotlib Questions

Theory

• Q1. What is Matplotlib? Why is it used?

• Q2. Explain different types of plots supported by Matplotlib.
• Q3. Program to create a simple line plot.

python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [10, 20, 30, 40]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title("Simple Line Plot")
plt.xlabel("x-axis")
plt.ylabel("y-axis")
plt.show()

• Q4. Write a program to plot a bar chart.

python
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x = ['A', 'B', 'C']
y = [30, 50, 70]
plt.bar(x, y)
plt.title('Bar Chart')
plt.show()

4️⃣ File Handling Questions

Theory

• Q1. What is file handling? Why is it necessary?

• Q2. Explain different file modes in Python (r, w, a, x, b, t).
• Q3. Write a program to write and read a file.

python
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# Writing
with open("testfile.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello World")

# Reading
with open("testfile.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()
 print(content)

• Q4. Explain seek() and tell() functions with examples.

• Q5. How to delete a file? Write the program.

python
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import os
if os.path.exists("testfile.txt"):
os.remove("testfile.txt")

5️⃣ Exception Handling Questions

Theory

• Q1. What are exceptions? How are they different from syntax errors?
• Q2. Explain try-except-finally with example.
• Q3. Program to handle ZeroDivisionError and ValueError.

python
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try:
a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
b = int(input("Enter another number: "))
print(a / b)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input! Enter integers only.")

• Q4. Write a custom exception in Python.

python
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class NegativeError(Exception):
pass

def check_number(x):
if x < 0:
raise NegativeError("Negative not allowed")
else:
print("Positive number:", x)

check_number(5)

• Q5. What is an assert statement? Give an example.

6️⃣ Tkinter (GUI Programming) Questions

Theory
 • Q1. What is Tkinter? Why is it used?
• Q2. What are widgets in Tkinter? Name any 5 widgets.
• Q3. Program to create a simple Tkinter window with a button and label.

python
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import tkinter as tk

def clicked():
lbl.config(text="Button was clicked!")

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Simple Window")
lbl = tk.Label(root, text="Hello")
lbl.pack()

btn = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=clicked)

btn.pack()

root.mainloop()

• **Q4. Differentiate between pack(), grid(), and place().

• Q5. Write a program to create a login form with two Entry fields (username & password).

7️⃣ Python Libraries Overview (Theory Only)

• Q1. List libraries used for Data Science in Python. ➔ NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-
learn, TensorFlow, Keras, Seaborn.
• Q2. Match the library to its use:
o NumPy ➔ Numerical computation
o Pandas ➔ Data analysis
o Matplotlib ➔ Plotting graphs
o Scikit-learn ➔ Machine learning
o TensorFlow ➔ Deep learning
o NLTK ➔ Natural language processing

Answers

✅ 1️⃣ NumPy (Numerical Python)

Q1. What is NumPy? Why is it faster than lists?

• Answer:
o NumPy is a Python library for fast numerical computation.
o It is faster than lists because:
▪ It uses vectorized operations (no for loops).
 ▪ It stores data in contiguous memory blocks (C language level speed).
▪ It supports broadcasting, multi-dimensional arrays, and mathematical
functions.

Q2. How to create arrays?

python
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import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr)

• Output:
[1 2 3 4 5]

Q3. Differences: zeros(), ones(), full(), eye()

Function Description Example

np.zeros((2,3)) Array of zeros [[0. 0. 0.], [0. 0. 0.]]

np.ones((2,2)) Array of ones [[1. 1.], [1. 1.]]

np.full((2,2), 7) Filled with specific value [[7 7], [7 7]]

np.eye(3) Identity matrix [[1 0 0], [0 1 0], [0 0 1]]

Q4. Program to reshape 1D to 3x3

python
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import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(1, 10)
arr = arr.reshape(3, 3)
print(arr)

• Output:

lua
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[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]

Q5. Indexing and slicing

python
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arr = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print(arr[2]) # Output: 30
print(arr[1:4]) # Output: [20 30 40]
print(arr[::-1]) # Output: [50 40 30 20 10]

Q6. File Operations in NumPy

Function Purpose

np.save('file.npy', arr) Save array in binary file

np.load('file.npy') Load array from binary

np.savetxt('file.csv', arr, delimiter=',') Save array in text/csv

np.loadtxt('file.csv', delimiter=',') Load text/csv file

✅ 2️⃣ Pandas (Data Handling)

Q1. What is Pandas? What are Series and DataFrame?

• Answer:
o Pandas is used for data manipulation and analysis.
o Series: 1D labeled array.
o DataFrame: 2D table (rows and columns).

Q2. Program to create a DataFrame

python
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import pandas as pd
data = {'Name': ['A', 'B'], 'Age': [20, 25]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

Q3. What is pivot_table()?

• Answer:
o It reshapes the table by summarizing data.
o Example:

python
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df.pivot_table(values='Sales', index='Date', columns='Product',
fill_value=0)

Q4. Handling Missing Data

python
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df.dropna() # Remove missing rows
df.fillna(0) # Fill missing values with 0
df.interpolate() # Fill missing values using interpolation

Q5. Merge two DataFrames

python
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import pandas as pd
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1,2], 'Name': ['John','Jane']})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [2,3], 'Marks': [90,80]})
df = pd.merge(df1, df2, on="ID", how="inner")
print(df)

• Output:

css
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ID Name Marks
0 2 Jane 90

✅ 3️⃣ Matplotlib (Plotting)

Q1. What is Matplotlib?

• Answer:
o A library used for creating graphs (line, bar, scatter, pie).
o Helps in data visualization.

Q2. Different plot types

Function Plot Type

plot() Line chart

bar() Bar graph

scatter() Scatter plot

 Function Plot Type

pie() Pie chart

Q3. Simple line plot

python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = [4, 5, 6]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

Q4. Bar Chart

python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = ['A', 'B', 'C']
y = [10, 20, 30]
plt.bar(x, y)
plt.show()

✅ 4️⃣ File Handling

Q1. What is file handling?

• Answer:
o Managing files: open, read, write, close files permanently stored on disk.

Q2. File modes

Mode Meaning

r Read

w Write

a Append

x Create
Q3. Write and read file
python
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# Write
with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello!")

# Read
with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.read())

Q4. seek() and tell()

python
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with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.tell()) # Position in file
f.seek(2) # Move to 2nd character
print(f.read()) # Read from there

Q5. Delete file

python
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import os
if os.path.exists("file.txt"):
os.remove("file.txt")

✅ 5️⃣ Exception Handling

Q1. What are exceptions?

• Answer:
o Exceptions occur during program execution (e.g., divide by zero).

Q2. try-except-finally Example

python
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try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
print("Always runs!")
Q3. Handle ZeroDivisionError and ValueError
python
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try:
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a / b)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Can't divide by zero!")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input!")

Q4. Custom Exception

python
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class NegativeError(Exception):
pass

def check(x):
if x < 0:
raise NegativeError("Negative numbers not allowed")

check(5)

Q5. assert statement

python
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def avg(marks):
assert len(marks) != 0, "Marks cannot be empty"
return sum(marks)/len(marks)

print(avg([80, 90]))

✅ 6️⃣ Tkinter (GUI)

Q1. What is Tkinter?

• Answer:
o Tkinter is Python's standard library for creating GUI windows and buttons.

Q2. Name 5 widgets

• Answer: Label, Button, Entry, Checkbutton, Frame.

Q3. Program for Window with Button & Label
python
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import tkinter as tk

def clicked():
lbl.config(text="Clicked!")

root = tk.Tk()
lbl = tk.Label(root, text="Hello")
lbl.pack()
btn = tk.Button(root, text="Click me", command=clicked)
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

Q4. pack() vs grid() vs place()

Method Description

pack() Stack widgets vertically/horizontally

grid() Place widgets in a table-like structure (rows & columns)

place() Place widgets at exact coordinates

Q5. Login form program

python
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import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()

tk.Label(root, text="Username").pack()
username = tk.Entry(root)
username.pack()

tk.Label(root, text="Password").pack()
password = tk.Entry(root, show="*")
password.pack()

tk.Button(root, text="Login").pack()

root.mainloop()

✅ 7️⃣ Python Libraries Overview

Q1. Libraries for Data Science

• NumPy: Numerical operations

• Pandas: Data manipulation
• Matplotlib: Visualization
• Seaborn: Statistical plots
• Scikit-learn: Machine learning
• TensorFlow: Deep learning
• NLTK: Text processing

Q2. Matching

Library Usage

NumPy Fast arrays

Pandas DataFrames

Matplotlib Graphs

Scikit-learn ML algorithms

TensorFlow Neural networks

NLTK NLP tasks

📚 DONE!