Lecture Check In-

➢ Beta Function
➢ Gamma Function
➢ Multiple Integrals

Chapter 7
7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

BETA FUNCTION
1
First Eulerian integral ∫0 𝑥 𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 where 𝑚 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 0 is called Beta function. It is
denoted by 𝐵(𝑚, 𝑛).
1
∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑚 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 0
0

GAMMA FUNCTION
The gamma function, Γ(𝑛), is defined for any positive real number n by
∞
Γ(𝑛) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
Consequently, Γ(1) = 1 … (2)
and for any positive real number 𝑛,
Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛Γ(𝑛) … (3)
Furthermore, when 𝑛 a positive integer, Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛! … (4)
Thus, the gamma function (which is defined on all positive real numbers) is an extension of the factorial
function (which is defined only on the nonnegative integers).
Equation (3) may be rewritten as
1
Γ(𝑛) = 𝑛 Γ(𝑛 + 1) … (5)

Example 7.1: Prove that Γ(1) = 1.

Solution
We know,
∞
Γ(𝑝) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑝−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
∞
∴ Γ(1) = ∫ 𝑥 1−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
∞
= ∫ 𝑥 0 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
∞
= ∫ 1. 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
∞
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

= [−𝑒 −𝑥 ]∞
0

= −𝑒 −∞ + 𝑒 0 [∵ 𝑒 −∞ → 0]
=0+1
2

=1
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∴ Γ(1) = 1

Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

Example 7.2: Prove that if 𝑝 = 𝑛 , a positive integer, then Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛!.

Solution
First, we consider 𝑛 = 1
We know, Γ(𝑝 + 1) = 𝑝Γ(𝑝) with 𝑝 = 1
Γ(1 + 1) = 1Γ(1) = 1.1 = 1 = 1! [∴ Γ(1) = 1]
Next, we assume that
Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛! holds for 𝑛 = 𝑘 and then try to prove its validity for 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
Γ[(𝑘 + 1) + 1] = (𝑘 + 1)Γ(𝑘 + 1) = (𝑘 + 1). k! [∴ Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛!]
= (𝑘 + 1)!
Thus, by mathematical induction, Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛! is true.
Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛!
Example 7.3: Prove that 0! = 1.
Solution
We know Γ(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛!
⇒ 𝑛! = Γ(𝑛 + 1)
Put 𝑛 = 0
0! = Γ(0 + 1) = Γ(1) = 1 [∵ Γ(1) = 1]
∴ 0! = 1
Example 7.4: Prove that 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = 𝛽(𝑛, 𝑚).
Solution
1
We know 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
Let, 1 − 𝑥 = 𝑦
⇒𝑥 =1−𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑑𝑦
When 𝑥 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 0
0
∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫ (1 − 𝑦)𝑚−1 (𝑦)𝑛−1 (−𝑑𝑦)
1
0
= − ∫ 𝑦 𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑦)𝑚−1 𝑑𝑦
1
1 𝑏 𝑎
= ∫0 𝑦 𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑦)𝑚−1 𝑑𝑦 [∵ ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ]
1 𝑏 𝑏
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑚−1 𝑑𝑦 [∵ ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑧)𝑑𝑧]
3

= 𝛽(𝑛, 𝑚) [∵ 𝐵𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛]
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∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = 𝛽(𝑛, 𝑚) [Proved]

Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

𝜋
Example 7.5: Prove that 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = 2 ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑚−1 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑛−1 𝜃 𝑑𝜃.
Solution
1
We know 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑚 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 0
Put 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
When 𝑥 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = 2
𝜋
2
∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫ (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)𝑛−1 . 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
0
𝜋
2
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑚−2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑛−2 𝜃 . 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
0
𝜋
2
= 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑚−1 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑛−1 𝜃 . 𝑑𝜃
0
𝜋
2
∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑚−1 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑛−1 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
0

Γ(𝑛) ∞
Example 7.6: Prove that = ∫0 𝑦 𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦.
𝑧𝑛

Solution:
∞
We know Γ(𝑛) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥; 𝑛 > 0
Put 𝑥 = 𝑧𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑑𝑦
When 𝑥 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ∞ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = ∞
∞
Γ(𝑛) = ∫ (𝑧𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
= ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑧 𝑛−1 𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
= 𝑧 𝑛 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
∴ Γ(𝑛) = 𝑧 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
𝑛
0
∞
Γ(𝑛)
⇒ = ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
𝑧𝑛 0
4
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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

∝ 𝑦 𝑛−1
Example 7.7: Prove that 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫0 (1+𝑦)𝑚+𝑛
𝑑𝑦 .

Solution
1
We know 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑚 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 > 0
1 −1
Put 𝑥 = 1+𝑦 ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = (1+𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦
Again, 1 − 𝑥 = 1 − 1+𝑦 = 1+𝑦

When 𝑥 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = ∞ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 0

1
𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑚−1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
0
0
1 𝑚−1 𝑦 𝑛−1 1
= −∫ ( ) ( ) 𝑑𝑦
∞ 1+𝑦 1+𝑦 (1 + 𝑦)2
∞
1 𝑦 𝑛−1 1
=∫ 𝑚−1 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑦
0 (1 + 𝑦) (1 + 𝑦) (1 + 𝑦)2
∞
𝑦 𝑛−1
=∫ 𝑑𝑦
0 (1 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛
∝
𝑦 𝑛−1
∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
0 (1 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛

Γ(𝑚)Γ(𝑛)
Example 7.8: Prove that 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = Γ(𝑚+𝑛)
.

Solution
∞
We know Γ(𝑛) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑛 > 0
Put 𝑥 = 𝑧𝑦, when 𝑧 is a constant
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 𝑑𝑦
When 𝑥 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ∞ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = ∞
∞
Γ(𝑛) = ∫ (𝑧𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
= ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑧 𝑛−1 𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
= 𝑧 𝑛 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
∴ Γ(𝑛) = 𝑧 𝑛 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
5

𝑚−1 −𝑧
Multiplying by 𝑧 𝑒 on both sides
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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

∞
Γ(𝑛)𝑧 𝑚−1 𝑒 −𝑧 = 𝑧 𝑛 𝑧 𝑚−1 𝑒 −𝑧 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0
∞
= 𝑧 𝑚+𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑧 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦
0

Now, integrating with respect to 𝑧 within the limit 0 𝑡𝑜 ∞.

∞ ∞ ∞
Γ(𝑛) ∫ 𝑧 𝑚−1 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑧 𝑚+𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑧 ∫ (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
0 0 0
∞ ∞
⇒ Γ(𝑛)Γ(𝑚) = ∫ { ∫ 𝑧 (𝑚+𝑛)−1 𝑒 −𝑧(1+𝑦) 𝑑𝑧} (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑦
0 0
∞ Γ(𝑚+𝑛) Γ(𝑛) ∞
⇒ Γ(𝑚)Γ(𝑛) = ∫0 { (1+𝑦) 𝑛 } (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑑𝑦 [∵ = ∫0 (𝑦)𝑛−1 𝑒 −𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦]
𝑧𝑛
∞
Γ(𝑚)Γ(𝑛) (𝑦)𝑛−1
⇒ =∫ { 𝑛
} 𝑑𝑦
Γ(𝑚 + 𝑛) 0 (1 + 𝑦)
Γ(𝑚)Γ(𝑛) ∝ 𝑦 𝑛−1
⇒ Γ(𝑚+𝑛)
= 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) [∵ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫0 (1+𝑦)𝑚+𝑛
𝑑𝑦 ]

Γ(𝑚)Γ(𝑛)
∴ 𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) =
Γ(𝑚 + 𝑛)

𝜋
Example 7.9: Prove that Γ(𝑛)Γ(1 − 𝑛) = sin 𝑛𝜋.

Solution
∝
𝑦 𝑛−1
𝛽(𝑚, 𝑛) = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
0 (1 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛
∝
Γ(𝑚)Γ(𝑛) 𝑦 𝑛−1
⇒ =∫ 𝑚+𝑛
𝑑𝑦
Γ(𝑚 + 𝑛) 0 (1 + 𝑦)

Put 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚 = 1 − 𝑛
∝
Γ(1 − 𝑛)Γ(𝑛) 𝑦 𝑛−1
=∫ 1
𝑑𝑦
Γ(1 − 𝑛 + 𝑛) 0 (1 + 𝑦)
∝ 𝑛−1
Γ(1 − 𝑛)Γ(𝑛) 𝑦
⇒ =∫ 𝑑𝑦
Γ(1) 0 1+𝑦
∝ 𝑦 𝑛−1
⇒ Γ(1 − 𝑛)Γ(𝑛) = 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛𝜋 [∵ ∫0 𝑑𝑦 = 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛𝜋 , Γ(1) = 1]
1+𝑦
𝜋
∴ Γ(1 − 𝑛)Γ(𝑛) =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝜋
6
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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

Multiple Integrals
Double Integral
Let R be the rectangle bounded by 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑥 = 𝑏, 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑑. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is continuous on this
rectangle, then
𝒃 𝒅
∬ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝑨 = ∫ ∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝒙=𝒂 𝒚=𝒄
𝑹

Let R be a region bounded by 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑥 = 𝑏, 𝑦 = 𝜑1 (𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝜑2 (𝑥). If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is continuous on this

region, then
𝒃 𝝋𝟐 (𝒙)
∬ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝑨 = ∫ ∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝒙=𝒂 𝒚=𝝋𝟏 (𝒙)
𝑹

Let R be a region bounded by 𝑥 = 𝜑1 (𝑦), 𝑥 = 𝜑2 (𝑦), 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑑. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is continuous on this

region, then
𝒙=𝝋𝟐 (𝒚) 𝒚=𝒅
∬ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝑨 = ∫ ∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝒙=𝝋𝟏 (𝒚) 𝒚=𝒄
𝑹
7
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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

Triple Integral
Let B be the rectangular solid defined by the inequalities 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑓. If
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is continuous on the region B then
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓
∭ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑩 𝑥=𝑎 𝑦=𝑐 𝑧=𝑒

Example 7.10: Let R be a region bounded by 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2 , then evaluate

∬𝑅(2𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝐴.
Solution

∬(2𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝐴
𝑅
4 2
=∫ ∫ (2𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=1 𝑦=−1
4 2
=∫ [∫ (2𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1 𝑦=−1
4
𝑦2 2
=∫ [2𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1 2 𝑦=−1
4
=∫ [2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ]2𝑦=−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1
4
=∫ [{2𝑥. 2 + 3𝑥 2 . (2)2 } − {2𝑥(−1) + 3𝑥 2 (−1)2 }]𝑑𝑥
𝑥=−5
4
=∫ [{4𝑥 + 12𝑥 2 } − {−2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 }]𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1
4
=∫ {4𝑥 + 12𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 }𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1
4
=∫ {6𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 }𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1

𝑥2 𝑥3
= [6 + 9 ]4𝑥=1
2 3
= [3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3 ]4𝑥=1
= 3(4)2 + 3(4)3 − 3(1)2 − 3(1)3
= 3.16 + 3.64 − 3 − 3
= 48 + 192 − 6
8

= 234
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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

Example 7.11: Let R be a region bounded by 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2 , then evaluate

∬𝑅(6𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝐴.
Solution
4 2
∬ 6𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 6𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=2 𝑦=1
𝑅
2 4
=∫ [∫ 6𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=1 𝑥=2
2
𝑥2 4
=∫ [6𝑦 2 . ] 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=1 2 𝑥=2
2
=∫ [3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 ]4𝑥=2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=1
2
=∫ [3𝑦 2 (42 − 22 )]𝑑𝑦
𝑦=1
2
=∫ [3𝑦 2 . 12]𝑑𝑦
𝑦=1
2
=∫ [36𝑦 2 ]𝑑𝑦
𝑦=1

𝑦3 2
= [36 ]
3 𝑦=1
= [12𝑦 3 ]2𝑦=1
= 12(23 − 13 )
= 12.7
= 84

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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

Example 7.12: Let R be a region bounded by 𝑥 = −5, 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3 , then evaluate

∬𝑅(2𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 )𝑑𝐴.
Solution

∬(2𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 )𝑑𝐴
𝑅
4 3
=∫ ∫ (2𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=−5 𝑦=0
4 3
=∫ [∫ (2𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=−5 𝑦=0
4
𝑦4 3
=∫ [2𝑥𝑦 − 4 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=−5 4 𝑦=0
4
=∫ [2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 4 ]3𝑦=0 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=−5
4
=∫ [2𝑥. 3 − 34 − 0 + 0]𝑑𝑥
𝑥=−5
4
=∫ [6𝑥 − 81]𝑑𝑥
𝑥=−5

𝑥2
= [6 − 81𝑥]4𝑥=−5
2
= [3𝑥 2 − 81𝑥]4𝑥=−5
= [3. 42 − 81.4 − (3(−5)2 − 81. (−5))]
= [3.16 − 324 − (3.25 + 405)]
= [48 − 324 − 75 − 405]
= 48 − 804
= −756

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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU

7@Beta & Gamma Funcion; Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus

Example 7.13: Let B be a region bounded by 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1 , 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1 , then

evaluate ∭𝐵 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑉.
Solution
3 2 1
∭ 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝐵 𝑥=2 𝑦=1 𝑧=0
3 2 1
=∫ ∫ [∫ 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑧 ]𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=2 𝑦=1 𝑧=0
3 2
8𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 1
=∫ ∫ [ ]𝑧=0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=2 𝑦=1 2
3 2
=∫ ∫ [4𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ]1𝑧=0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=2 𝑦=1
3 2
=∫ ∫ [4𝑥𝑦(1 − 0)]𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=2 𝑦=1
3 2
=∫ [∫ 4𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=2 𝑦=1
3
4𝑥𝑦 2 2
=∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=2 2 𝑦=1
3
=∫ [2𝑥𝑦 2 ]2𝑦=1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=2
3
=∫ [2𝑥(22 − 12 )] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=2
3
=∫ [6𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=2

6𝑥 2 3
=[ ]
2 𝑥=2
= [3𝑥 2 ]3𝑥=2
= 3(32 − 22 )
=3×5
= 15
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Md. Monuar Hossain Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, UU