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Operating Systems discrete mathematics notes

Chapter 5B discusses measuring and improving drive performance, focusing on average access time, data transfer rates, and optimization techniques. It highlights the importance of regular disk maintenance, including cleaning up unnecessary files, scanning for errors, defragmenting disks, and file compression. Additionally, it covers drive interface standards such as EIDE, SCSI, USB, and FireWire, which impact data transfer rates and access times.

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3 views17 pages

Operating Systems discrete mathematics notes

Chapter 5B discusses measuring and improving drive performance, focusing on average access time, data transfer rates, and optimization techniques. It highlights the importance of regular disk maintenance, including cleaning up unnecessary files, scanning for errors, defragmenting disks, and file compression. Additionally, it covers drive interface standards such as EIDE, SCSI, USB, and FireWire, which impact data transfer rates and access times.

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mabiba1225
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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McGraw-Hill

McGraw-Hill Technology Technology Education


Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 5B

Measuring and
Improving Drive
Performance

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Drive Performance
• Average access time
– Also known as seek time
– Time to find desired data
– Measured in milliseconds
– Depends on two factors
• RPM
• Time to access a track
– Hard drive between 6 to 12 ms
– CD between 80 to 800 ms

5B-3
Drive Performance
• Data transfer rate
– Important statistic for measuring drive
performance is the speed at which it can
transfer data
– How fast data can be read
– Measured in bps
– Hard drive ranges from 15 to 160 MBps
– Floppy disks transfer at 45 KBps

5B-4
Data Transfer Rate

5B-5
Optimizing Performance
• Disk optimization
– Over time, a PCs performance can slow
down
– Hard-disk maintenance may fix the problem
– Handled by operating system tool
– Routine disk maintenance
– Optimization should be run monthly

5B-6
Optimizing Performance
• Clean up unnecessary files
– Some of files are meant to be stored only
temporarily, but Windows does not always
clean them out.
– Delete temp files
– Disk Cleanup and other disk-cleaning
utilities, quickly find temporary files and
remove them
– Uninstall unused programs
– Delete obsolete data files
– Files should be cleaned weekly
5B-7
Optimizing Performance
• Scan a disk for errors
– Scan the disk for errors, fix the errors, and
possibly recover data that has been lost
– Bad spots on the media
– Built in disk scanners
– Find and fix the error
• Move data to a good spot
• Mark the spot as bad
– Disks should be scanned monthly

5B-8
Optimizing Performance
• Defragment a disk
– Files fragment when resaved
– Pieces of files become scattered around on
the disk
– You create, modify, copy, and delete files
(install and uninstall programs) over time,
many files can become fragmented
– Fragmented files load slower
– Defragment puts the fragments together
– Disks should be defragged monthly
5B-9
Defragment

5B-10
Optimizing Performance
• File compression
– Shrinks the size of a file
– Takes up less space on disk
– Improve a disks performance
– Will increase disk capacity
– Entire hard disks, floppy disks, or individual
files can be compressed by as much as a
3:1 ratio
– PKZip, WinZip and WinRAR

5B-11
File Compression

763 KB
on disk

Compressed
157 KB

5B-12
Drive Interface Standards
• Interface
– Determining how quickly a drive can read
and write data is the type of controller that
the drive uses
– How the device is connected
– Drive controllers allow transfer of data
– Dictates transfer rate and access time

5B-13
Drive Interface Standards
• Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
– EIDE, improved version of IDE
– Generic term for drive controllers
– Several names
• Fast IDE
• Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) 1,2,3,4
etc. each with little change in features
– Up to 2 devices per controller
– Most computers have 2 EIDE controllers

5B-14
Drive Interface Standards
• Small Computer System Interface
– SCSI
– Higher transfer rates than EIDE
• Computers may have several SCSI controllers
– Many versions exist
• Versions are typically incompatible
• Ultra 2, Ultra 3, wide ultra etc.
– Found in servers and workstations

5B-15
Drive Interface Standards
• USB and FireWire
– External drives
– Transfer rate is high
– Many devices can be connected
– Allow the host computer to control an
external storage device just as if it were an
internal one

5B-16
Chapter 5B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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