JNANASUDHA ENTRANCE ACADEMY LLP

JUT 5
PHYSICS JEE DTB Discussion
Motion in a Plane JEE/NEET/KCET

Analyse To begin the mathematical analysis, we set 𝑣𝑥𝑖 = (1) 𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡

20 m/s, 𝑣𝑦𝑖 = −15 m/s, 𝑎𝑥 = 4.0 m/s 2, and 𝑎𝑦 = 0. 1
Use Equation 4.8 for the velocity vector: (2) 𝑦𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
⃗ 𝑡 = (𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡)𝐢ˆ + (𝑣𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡)𝐣ˆ
𝐯⃗𝑓 = 𝐯⃗𝑖 + 𝐚 (3) 𝑑cos 𝜙 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡
𝐯⃗𝑓 = [20 + (4.0)𝑡]𝐢ˆ + [−15 + (0)𝑡]𝐣ˆ 1
(4) − 𝑑sin 𝜙 = − 𝑔𝑡 2
𝐯⃗𝑓 = [(20 + 4.0𝑡)𝐢ˆ − 15𝐣ˆ] 2
per second and the time in seconds: 1 𝑑cos 𝜙 2
−𝑑sin 𝜙 = − 𝑔 ( )
Evaluate the result from Equation (1) at 𝑡 = 5.0 s : 2 𝑣𝑥𝑖
Determine the angle 𝜃 that 𝐯⃗𝑓 makes with the 𝑥 axis at 𝑡 = 2𝑣𝑥𝑖 2 sin 𝜙 2(25.0 m/s)2 sin2 35.0∘
5.0 s : 𝑑= = = 109
𝑔 cos 2 𝜙 9.80 m
Evaluate the speed of the particle as the magnitude ( 2 ) cos 2 35.0∘
s
1. 𝐯⃗𝑓 = [(20 + 4.0(5.0))𝐢ˆ − 15𝐣ˆ] = (40𝐢ˆ − 15𝐣ˆ)m/s 2. 𝑥𝑓 = 𝑑cos 𝜙 = (109 m)cos 35.0∘ = 89.3 m
𝑣𝑦𝑓 −15 m/s 𝑦𝑓 = −𝑑sin 𝜙 = −(109 m)sin 35.0∘ = −62.5 m
𝜃 = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = −21∘
𝑣𝑥𝑓 40 m/s
2 2
𝑣𝑓 = |𝐯⃗𝑓 | = √𝑣𝑥𝑓 + 𝑣𝑦𝑓 = √(40)2 + (−15)2 m/s = 43 m/s
Use the components of Equation 4.9 with 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑦𝑖 = 0 at 𝑡 =
0 and with 𝑥 and 𝑦 in meters and 𝑡 in seconds:
Express the position vector of the particle at any time 𝑡 :
1
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 = 20𝑡 + 2.0𝑡 2
2
𝑦𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 = −15𝑡
𝐫𝑓 = 𝑥𝑓 𝐢ˆ + 𝑦𝑓 𝐣ˆ = (20𝑡 + 2.0𝑡 2 )𝐢ˆ − 15𝑡𝐣ˆ
Analyse We have the information 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑦𝑖 = 0, 𝑦𝑓 = −45.0 m, Find the speed 𝑣bE of the boat relative to the Earth using
𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔, and 𝑣𝑖 = 20.0 m/s (the numerical value of 𝑦𝑓 is 2 2
𝑣bE = √𝑣br + 𝑣rE = √(10.0 km/h)2 + (5.00 km/h)2
negative because we have chosen the point of the throw as
the origin). = 11.2 km/h
𝑣𝑥𝑖 = 𝑣𝑖 cos 𝜃𝑖 = (20.0 m/s)cos 30.0∘ = 17.3 m/s Analyze The analysis now involves the new triangle
𝑣𝑦𝑖 = 𝑣𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 = (20.0 m/s)sin 30.0∘ = 10.0 m/s shown in Figure 4.21 b . As in part (A), we know 𝐯⃗re and
1 the magnitude of the vector 𝐯⃗br , and we want 𝐯⃗bE to be
𝑦𝑓 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 directed across the river. Notice the difference between
3. 2 4.
1 the triangle in Figure 4.21a and the one in Figure 4.21b:
−45.0 m = 0 + (10.0 m/s)𝑡 + (−9.80 m/s 2 )𝑡 2 the hypotenuse in Figure 4.21b is no longer 𝐯⃗bE .
2
Use the Pythagorean theorem to find 𝑣bE :
𝑡 = 4.22 s
𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡 2
𝑣bE = √𝑣br 2
− 𝑣rE => 8.66 km/h
𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 10.0 m/s + (−9.80 m/s 2 )(4.22 s) = −31.3 m/s
𝑣rE 5.00
2
𝑣𝑓 = √𝑣𝑥𝑓 2
+ 𝑣𝑦𝑓 = √(17.3 m/s)2 + (−31.3 m/s)2 𝜃 = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 30.0∘
𝑣bE 8.66
=> 35.8 m/s
(a) For the average velocity, we have (a) The 𝑥 and 𝑦 equations combine to give us the
expression for 𝐫 :
x(4.00) − x(2.00) y(4.00) − y(2.00) 𝐫 = 18.0t𝐢ˆ + (4.00t − 4.90t 2 )𝐣ˆ, where 𝐫 is in meters and t
𝐯⃗avg = ( ) 𝐢ˆ + ( ) 𝐣ˆ
4.00 s − 2.00 s 4.00 s − 2.00 s is in seconds.
5.00 m − 3.00 m 3.00 m − 1.50 m (b) We differentiate the expression for 𝐫 with respect to
=( ) 𝐢ˆ + ( ) 𝐣ˆ time:
2.00 s 2.00 s
5. 𝐯⃗avg = (1.00𝐢ˆ + 0.750𝐣ˆ)m/s 6.
(b) For the velocity components, we have d𝐫 d
𝐯⃗ = = [18.0t𝐢ˆ + (4.00t − 4.90t 2 )𝐣ˆ]
dx dt dt
vx = = a = 1.00 m/s d d
dt = (18.0t)𝐢ˆ + (4.00t − 4.90t 2 )𝐣ˆ
𝑑𝑦
and 𝑣𝑦 = = 2𝑐𝑡 = (0.250 m/s 2 )𝑡 dt dt
𝑑𝑡
Therefore,
 𝐯⃗ = 𝑣𝑥 𝐢ˆ + 𝑣𝑦 𝐣ˆ = (1.00 m/s)𝐢ˆ + (0.250 m/s 2 )𝑡𝐣ˆ 𝐯⃗ = 18.0𝐢ˆ + [4.00 − (9.80)t]𝐣ˆ, where 𝐯⃗ is in meters per
𝐯⃗(t = 2.00 s) = (1.00 m/s)𝐢ˆ + (0.500 m/s)𝐣ˆ second and t is in seconds.
and the speed is (c) We differentiate the expression for 𝐯⃗ with respect to
time:
⃗ (t = 2.00 s)| = √(1.00 m/s)2 + (0.500 m/s)2 = 1.12 m/s
|v
d𝐯⃗ d
⃗ =
𝐚 = {18.0𝐢ˆ + [4.00 − (9.80)t]𝐣ˆ}
dt dt
d d
= (18.0)𝐢ˆ + [4.00 − (9.80)t]𝐣ˆ
dt dt
⃗ = −9.80𝐣ˆ m/s 2
𝐚

(d) By substitution,

𝐫(3.00 s) = (54.0 m)𝐢ˆ − (32.1 m)𝐣ˆ

𝐯⃗(3.00 s) = (18.0 m/s)𝐢ˆ − (25.4 m/s)𝐣ˆ
𝐚⃗ (3.00 s) = (−9.80 m/s 2 )𝐣ˆ

We use the vector versions of the kinematic equations for (a) We differentiate the equation for the vector position
motion in two dimensions. We write the initial position, of the particle with respect to time to obtain its velocity:
initial velocity, and acceleration of the particle in vector
form: d𝐫 d
⃗ = 3.00𝐣ˆ m/s 2 ; 𝐯⃗i = 5.00𝐢ˆ m/s; 𝐫i = 0𝐢ˆ + 0𝐣ˆ 𝐯⃗ = = ( ) (3.00𝐢ˆ − 6.00t 2 𝐣ˆ) = −12.0t𝐣ˆ m/s
𝐚 dt dt
(a) The position of the particle is given by Equation 4.9:
1 2 1 (b) Differentiating the expression for velocity with
𝐫f = 𝐫i + 𝐯⃗i t + 𝐚 ⃗ t = (5.00 m/s)t𝐢ˆ + (3.00 m/s 2 )t 2 𝐣ˆ respect to time gives the particle's acceleration:
2 2
= 5.00t𝐢ˆ + 1.50t 2 𝐣ˆ
where 𝑟 is in m and 𝑡 in s . 𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎= = ( ) (−12.0𝑡𝑗ˆ) = −12.0𝑗ˆ m/s 2
(b) The velocity of the particle is given by Equation 4.8: 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
⃗ t = 5.00𝐢ˆ + 3.00t𝐣ˆ
𝐯⃗f = 𝐯⃗i + 𝐚
7. where 𝑣 is in m/s and 𝑡 in s . 8. (c) By substitution, when 𝑡 = 1.00 s,
(c) To obtain the particle's position at 𝑡 = 2.00 s, we plug
into the equation obtained in part (a): 𝐫 = (3.00𝐢ˆ − 6.00𝐣ˆ)m; 𝐯⃗ = −12.0𝐣ˆ m/s
𝐫f = (5.00 m/s)(2.00 s)𝐢ˆ + (1.50 m/s 2 )(2.00 s)2 𝐣ˆ
= (10.0𝐢ˆ + 6.00𝐣ˆ)m
so 𝑥𝑓 = 10.0 m, 𝑦𝑓 = 6.00 m
(d) To obtain the particle's speed at 𝑡 = 2.00 s, we plug into
the equation obtained in part (b):
⃗ t = (5.00 m/s)𝐢ˆ + (3.00 m/s 2 )(2.00 s)𝐣ˆ
𝐯⃗f = 𝐯⃗i + 𝐚
= (5.00𝐢ˆ + 6.00𝐣ˆ)m/s
2 2
vf = √vxf + vyf = √(5.00 m/s)2 + (6.00 m/s)2 = 7.81 m/s
We define the following velocity vectors: Identify the student as the 𝑆 ′ observer and the professor
⃗ ce = the velocity of the car relative
v as the 𝑆 observer. For the initial motion in 𝑆 ′ , we have
to the Earth
⃗ wc = the velocity of the water relative
v 𝑣𝑦′
= tan 60.0∘ = √3
to the car 𝑣𝑥′
⃗ we = the velocity of the water relative
v
to the Earth
These velocities are related as shown in

9. 10.

(a) Since 𝐯⃗we is vertical, 𝑣𝑤𝑐 sin 60.0∘ = 𝑣𝑐𝑒 = 50.0 km/h or Let 𝑢 represent the speed of 𝑆 ′ relative to 𝑆. Then
𝐯⃗wc = 57.7 km/h at 60.0∘ west of vertical because there is no 𝑥 motion in 𝑆, we can write 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥′ +
(b) Since 𝐯⃗ce has zero vertical component, 𝑢 = 0 so that 𝑣𝑥′ = −𝑢 = −10.0 m/s. Hence the ball is
Vwe = Vwc cos 60.0∘ = (57.7 km/h)cos 60.0∘ thrown backwards in 𝑆 ′ . Then,
= 28.9 km/h downward 𝑣𝑦′ = 𝑣𝑦′ = √3|𝑣𝑥′ | = 10.0√3 m/s
2
Using 𝑣𝑦 = 2𝑔ℎ we find
 (10.0√3 m/s)2
h= = 15.3 m
2(9.80 m/s 2 )
Both Lisa and Jill start from rest. Their accelerations are Let the stone be projected at an angle 𝛼 to the
⃗ L = (3.00𝐢ˆ − 2.00𝐣ˆ)m/s 2
𝐚 direction of motion of truck with a speed of v =
⃗ J = (1.00𝐢ˆ + 3.00𝐣ˆ)m/s 2
𝐚 20 m/s.
Integrating these, and knowing that they start from rest, we Since the resultant displacement along horizontal is
find their velocities: zero.
𝐯⃗L = (3.00t𝐢ˆ − 2.00t𝐣ˆ)m/s
𝐯⃗J = (1.00t𝐢ˆ + 3.00t𝐣ˆ)m/s 𝑣 = 20 m/s
Integrating again, and knowing that they start from the
origin, we find their positions: The velocity along horizontal = 015 + 20cos 𝛼 =
𝐫L = (1.50t 2 𝐢ˆ − 1.00t 2 𝐣ˆ)m 3
0 ⇒ cos 𝛼 = − 4
𝐫J = (0.50t 2 𝐢ˆ + 1.50t 2 𝐣ˆ)m
All of the above are with respect to the ground (G).
3
11. (a) In general, Lisa's velocity with respect to Jill is 12. ⇒ 𝛼 = cos −1 (− )
𝐯⃗LJ = 𝐯⃗LG + 𝐯⃗GJ = 𝐯⃗LG − 𝐯⃗JG 4
𝐯⃗LJ = 𝐯⃗L − 𝐯⃗J = (3.00t𝐢ˆ − 2.00t𝐣ˆ) − (1.00t𝐢ˆ + 3.00t𝐣ˆ)
𝐯⃗LJ = (2.00t𝐢ˆ − 5.00t𝐣ˆ)
When t = 5.00 s, 𝐯⃗LJ = (10.0𝐢ˆ − 25.0𝐣ˆ)m/s, so the speed
(magnitude) is
𝑣 = √(10.0)2 + (25.0)2 = 26.9 m/s
(b) In general, Lisa's position with respect to Jill is
𝐫LJ = 𝐫L − 𝐫J = (1.50t 2 𝐢ˆ − 1.00t 2 𝐣ˆ) − (0.50t 2 𝐢ˆ + 1.50t 2 𝐣ˆ)
𝐫LJ = (1.00t 2 𝐢ˆ − 2.50t 2 𝐣ˆ)
When t = 5.00 s, rLJ = (25.0𝐢ˆ − 62.5𝐣ˆ)m, and their distance
apart is
d = √(25.0 m)2 + (62.5 m)2 = 67.3 m
Relative velocity of man w.r.t. ground 𝑣𝑚𝑔 = 𝑣𝑚 −
𝑚 2 𝑚 2
𝑣𝑆,𝐺 = √(4.0𝑘 ) + (3.0𝑘 ) 𝑣𝑔 …. (1) velocity of rain w.r.t ground 𝑣𝑟𝑔 = 𝑣𝑟 − 𝑣𝑔 ….
ℎ ℎ
(2)
𝑚 Velocity of rain w.r.t. man 𝑣𝑚 = 𝑣𝑟 − 𝑣𝑚
= 5.0𝑘
ℎ
13. The angle theta made with the direction of flow is 14. On subtracting equaiton (1) form equation (2)
𝑚 𝑣𝑟𝑚 = 𝑣𝑟𝑔 − 𝑣𝑚𝑔
4.0𝑘
tan 𝜃 = ℎ =4
𝑚 3 |𝑣𝑚 | = √22𝑟𝑔 + 𝑣𝑚𝑔
2
= √42 + 32 = 5 km/hr
3.0𝑘
ℎ 3 3
Direction: tan 𝜃 = 4 or 𝜃 − tan−1 (4)
To reach directly opposite his starting point, the man Here 𝑣𝑟,𝑔 = velocity of the rain with respect to the
must swim at an angle 𝜃 upstream against the current. ground 𝑣𝑚,𝑔 = velocity of the man with respect to the
We can break down his swimming speed into two ground and 𝑣𝑟,𝑚 = velocity of the rain with respect to
components: the man. We have, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣𝑟,𝑔 = 𝑣⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑟,𝑚 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣𝑚,𝑔 .
The component of his swimming speed perpendicular to Taking horizontal components, equation (i) gives
the river (across the river): 𝑉𝑦 = 3cos 𝜃 𝑣𝑟,𝑔 sin 30∘ = 𝑣𝑚,𝑔 = 10 km/h
The component of his swimming speed parallel to the 10 km/h
river (against the current): 𝑉𝑥 = 3sin 𝜃 or, 𝑣𝑟,𝑔 = = 20 km/h
sin 30∘
For the man to reach directly across, the upstream Taking vertical components, equation (i) gives
component of his swimming speed must equal the or,
15. downstream speed of the river: 16. 𝑣𝑟,𝑔 cos 30∘ = 𝑣𝑟,𝑚
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉river
√ 3
3sin 𝜃 = 2 𝑣𝑟,𝑚 = (20 km/h)
From this, we can solve for sin 𝜃 :=>sin 𝜃 = 3
2 2
= 10 √ 3 km/h.
To find the angle 𝜃, we take the inverse sine:𝜃 =
2
sin−1 (3)
√5
𝑉𝑦 = 3cos 𝜃 = 3 ⋅ = √5 km/h
3
Now we can calculate the time:
0.5 km 0.5
Time = = hours
√5 km/h √5
 We know that the vertical component of velocity 3sin 𝜃 Particle starts from point P. Components of its initial
takes him to the opposite side of the river. velocity and acceleration are as shown in
Distance to be travelled = 0.5 km figure.
Vertical component of velocity = 3sin 𝜃 km/h
Thus, we have:
Distance 0.5 500 × 6 600
Time = = ℎ= = 𝑠
Velocity 3sin 𝜃 5sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
10 minutes
∴ Required time =
sin 𝜃
(a) At the time of crossing the 𝑥-axis, its 𝑦-coordinate
should be zero or its 𝑦 displacement
(w.r.t initial point P ) is -10 m .
1
Using the equation, 𝑠𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2
2
1
17. 18. −10 = 8𝑡 − × 4 × 𝑡 2
2
Solving this equation, we get positive value of time,
𝑡 = 5𝑠
(b) 𝑥-coordinate of particle at time 𝑡 :
x = initial x -coordinate + displacement along x -axis
or 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑠𝑥 (at time t )
1
= 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2
2
Subsuming the proper values, we have,
1
𝑥 = 4 + (4 × 5) + × 2 × (5)2 = 49𝑚
2
(c) Since, given acceleration is constant, so we can use,
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
∴ 𝑣 = (4𝑖ˆ + 8𝑗ˆ) + (2𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ)(5)
= (14𝑖ˆ − 12𝑗ˆ)m/s

After 2𝑠 Determine the direction for reaching directly opposite.

𝑣1 = 𝑢 + 𝑎1 𝑡1 The component of boat velocity against the current must
= 0 + (2𝑖ˆ)(2) = (4𝑖ˆ)m/s cancel the current's velocity.
1 Let 𝜃 be the angle with the line directly opposite
𝑟1 = 1𝑖 + 𝑎1 𝑡12 (perpendicular to the current).
2
1 𝑣𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 𝑣𝑟
= (2𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ) + (2𝑖ˆ)(2)2 𝑣𝑟 2 1
2 sin 𝜃 = = =
= (6𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ)𝑚 𝑣𝑏 4 2
(a) 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎2 𝑡2 1
After next 2 s = (4𝑖ˆ) + (2𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ)(2) 𝜃 = sin−1 ( ) = 30∘
2
= (8𝑖ˆ − 8𝑗ˆ)m/s The boat should be headed at 30∘ upstream from the line
1 directly opposite.
(b) 𝑟2 = 𝑟1 + 𝑣1 𝑡2 + 𝑎2 𝑡22
2
19. 1 20. The velocity component perpendicular to the current is
= (6𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ) + (4𝑖ˆ)(2) + (2𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ)(2)2 √3
2 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑏 cos 𝜃. 𝑣𝑦 = 4cos 30∘ = 4 × = 2√3 km/hr.
2
= (18𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ)𝑚 Time 𝑡 =
𝑑
=
4
=
2
hr.
∴ Co-ordinates are, 𝑣𝑦 2√3 √3
𝑥 = 18𝑚 The velocity perpendicular to the current is 𝑣𝑏 = 4 km/hr.
𝑑 4
and 𝑦 = −4𝑚 Shortest time 𝑡min = = = 1hr.
𝑣𝑏 4
The drift downstream is 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑟 × 𝑡min .

𝑥 = 2 × 1 = 2 km.

The landing point is 2 km downstream from the point

directly opposite

The actual speed of the rain is 3√2 km/hr and its

21. direction is 45∘ south of east. 22.