Functions

!!

Pankaj Jain
!
@twit_pankajj
 What is a Function?

▪ Stored Subprogram

▪ Returns Information

▪ Used in Expressions
!

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 Oracle Provided Functions

▪ Numeric Functions DECLARE

l_num NUMBER;
SELECT ABS(-123) FROM DUAL; BEGIN
□ ROUND l_num := ABS(-123);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(l_num);
□ CEIL END;
123
DECLARE
▪ Character Functions l_char VARCHAR2(4);
BEGIN
□ LPAD SELECT UPPER('Test') FROM DUAL; l_char := UPPER('Test');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(l_char);
END;
□ LTRIM
TEST

▪ DateTime Functions
DECLARE
□ SYSDATE l_date DATE;
BEGIN
l_date := ADD_MONTHS( TO_DATE('10-FEB-2014','DD-MON-RRRR') ,1) ;
□ SYSTIMESTAMP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(l_date); Do Not Place Anything in
END; This Space
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10-MAR-2014 during Slide Show view.
 Privileges

▪ CREATE PROCEDURE

▪ CREATE ANY PROCEDURE

▪ ALTER ANY PROCEDURE

▪ EXECUTE

!
GRANT CREATE PROCEDURE TO demo;
GRANT CREATE ANY PROCEDURE TO demo;
GRANT ALTER ANY PROCEDURE TO demo;
!
GRANT EXECUTE ON <schema>.<procedure_name> TO demo;

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 Defining Functions

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION [schema.]<function_name>

RETURN <datatype> IS | AS

<declaration section>

BEGIN

statements;

RETURN <datatype>;

[EXCEPTION]

END [<function_name>];
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 Simple Function

!
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_count RETURN NUMBER AS
CURSOR cur_get_dept_id IS
SELECT dept_id
FROM departments
WHERE dept_name = 'IT';
l_dept_id departments.dept_id%TYPE;
l_count NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_get_dept_id;
FETCH cur_get_dept_id INTO l_dept_id;
CLOSE cur_get_dept_id;
SELECT count(*)
INTO l_count
FROM employee
WHERE emp_dept_id = l_dept_id;
RETURN l_count;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE);
RAISE; Do Not Place Anything in
END get_emp_count; This Space
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 Compiling Function

! get_emp_count.sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_count RETURN NUMBER AS
CURSOR cur_get_dept_id IS
SELECT dept_id
FROM departments
WHERE dept_name = 'IT';
l_dept_id departments.dept_id%TYPE;
l_count NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_get_dept_id;
FETCH cur_get_dept_id INTO l_dept_id; @C:\Demo\ get_emp_count.sql
CLOSE cur_get_dept_id;
SELECT count(*)
INTO l_count
FROM employee
WHERE emp_dept_id = l_dept_id;
RETURN l_count;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE);
RAISE;
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END get_emp_count; This Space
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ALTER FUNCTION get_emp_count COMPILE; during Slide Show view.
 Compiling Function

▪ PLSQL_CODE_TYPE !
ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_CODE_TYPE=NATIVE;
□ NATIVE !
ALTER FUNCTION get_emp_count COMPILE PLSQL_CODE_TYPE=NATIVE;
□ INTERPRETED

!
▪ PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL
□ 0-3 !
ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL=2;

!
▪ Debug Mode
!
ALTER FUNCTION get_emp_count COMPILE DEBUG;
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 Syntax Errors
Errors !
Invalid Object Name

Severe Enable
! !
Warnings Performance Disable
! !
Informational Error

ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_WARNINGS='ENABLE:ALL';

ALTER FUNCTION get_emp_count
COMPILE PLSQL_WARNINGS='ENABLE:PERFORMANCE', 'ERROR:SEVERE', 'ERROR:06002' REUSE SETTINGS;
SHOW ERRORS;
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call dbms_warning.add_warning_setting_cat('ALL', 'ENABLE', 'SESSION'); (Add watermark during editing)
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 Executing Function

▪ PL/SQL Block or Subprogram

▪ SQL Statement

DECLARE
l_return NUMBER;
!
BEGIN
!
l_return := get_emp_count;
!
END;

select get_emp_count from dual;

1
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 Executing Function

EXEC[UTE] :bind_variable := <function_name>;

VARIABLE l_return NUMBER;

EXEC :l_return := get_emp_count;

EXECUTE :l_return := get_emp_count; 1
!
PRINT :l_return

VARIABLE l_return NUMBER;

BEGIN
:l_return := get_emp_count;
END; 1
/
PRINT :l_return

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 Dropping Function

DROP FUNCTION <function_name>;

!
DROP FUNCTION get_emp_count;

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 Function Termination

▪ Normal Completion
!
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_count RETURN NUMBER AS
CURSOR cur_get_dept_id IS
SELECT dept_id
FROM departments
WHERE dept_name = 'IT';
l_dept_id departments.dept_id%TYPE;
l_count NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_get_dept_id;
FETCH cur_get_dept_id INTO l_dept_id;
CLOSE cur_get_dept_id;
SELECT count(*)
INTO l_count
FROM employee
WHERE emp_dept_id = l_dept_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Finished Successfully');
RETURN l_count;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); Do Not Place Anything in
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE); This Space
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RAISE; Note: Warning will not appear
END get_emp_count; during Slide Show view.
 Exception Causing Function Termination
!
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_count RETURN NUMBER AS
CURSOR cur_get_dept_name IS
SELECT dept_name
FROM departments
WHERE dept_name = 'IT';
l_dept_id departments.dept_id%TYPE;
l_count NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_get_dept_name;
FETCH cur_get_dept_name INTO l_dept_id;
CLOSE cur_get_dept_name;
SELECT count(*)
INTO l_count
ORA-06503: PL/SQL:
FROM employee
Function returned without value
WHERE emp_dept_id = l_dept_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Finished Successfully');
RETURN l_count;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
IF cur_get_dept_name%ISOPEN THEN
CLOSE cur_get_dept_name;
END IF;
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DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); This Space
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE); (Add watermark during editing)
! RAISE; Note: Warning will not appear
END get_emp_count; during Slide Show view.
 Function Termination

▪ Explicitly
! !
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_tier RETURN CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_tier RETURN
NUMBER AS NUMBER AS
l_salary NUMBER := 50000; l_salary NUMBER := 50000;
BEGIN l_return NUMBER;
IF l_salary < 40000 THEN BEGIN
RETURN 1; IF l_salary < 40000 THEN
ELSIF l_salary < 60000 THEN l_return := 1;
RETURN 2; ELSIF l_salary < 60000 THEN
ELSE l_return := 2;
RETURN 3; ELSE
END IF; l_return := 3;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Finished Successfully'); END IF;
EXCEPTION DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Finished Successfully');
WHEN OTHERS THEN RETURN l_return;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM); EXCEPTION
RAISE; WHEN OTHERS THEN
END get_tier; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
RAISE;
END get_tier;
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 Need for Functions
!
Summary Errors & Warnings
!
Function Operations
!

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